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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/12 9:27:39 Media said heavy physical labour or lagging first，
The Ministry said Hu Xiaoyi, Vice Minister, China will take the form of incremental delay the retirement age, to one year and a few months of "step step" manner. There were rumors, delaying retirement for civil servants better policies may be implemented in institutions from the beginning, Hu Xiaoyi expressly not heard of it.
What is progressive?
Years in advance to inform step by step
"Develop progressively delaying retirement age policies", "promoting the reform of endowment insurance system" has been written into 18 of the decision of the third plenary session. Hu Xiaoyi said, so-called progressive type delay retired age has three aspects content, first is has a notice period, ahead of years told social; second to points steps, may will consider from now provides of retired age minimum of groups began; third, to "Mai step", to "a years improve several months" such of way, a step a step to, with more long of a time gradually completed smooth transition.
Hu Xiaoyi believed that gradual delay in retirement age in line with China's reality.
Civil servants took the lead in lagging?
Has not heard about lead in delayed retirement age
Institutions aimed at postponing retirement for civil servants are more favourable, introduced in the first argument, Hu Xiaoyi responded for the first time. He said that civil servants ' retirement is provided for under the public service act and other laws to now executed according to law, delaying retirement age was studied as social policy, was not one of which employment groups in the areas of research, "not heard of who made first to delay the retirement age of civil servants. ”
When to break the two-track?
Pension two-track combination, there is no timetable
Breaking the "two-track system of pension" voices rising in recent years. In this regard, said Hu Xiaoyi, institutions and companies are generally consistent patterns should be imposed, that combines social pool and personal accounts of the basic old-age insurance system. Which is conducive to the attainment of social equity, but also conducive to the rational flow of human resources. He said the units and the individual fee system for both sides is to be implemented, and then establish Fund of social pooling Fund and individual accounts, so that you can implement and manpower arrangement and transfer of funds, law of large numbers to balance Enterprise retirement pension burdens.
However, Hu Xiaoyi said, pension two-track combination does not currently have a clear timetable.
Method of calculation can change?
Made based on payment how much length to the retirement fee or the
Hu Xiaoyi said reform of the method of calculation of the pension was calculated on the final salary is now a percentage calculation, converted in accordance with the length of payment period, payment by phone service, in terms of the retirement fee or, which reflect the entire careers of earned income, contributions of labor, while also encouraging people to work better. At the same time, establish social insurance benefits to reconcile various groups identified and normal adjustment mechanism, that is, social insurance benefits and Manpower consider co-ordinating arrangements for the society, and must be linked with the level of economic development, along with occupational pension system, construction of multi-level old-age insurance system.
There are suggest that delaying retirement will increase the age for pension contributions, to the detriment of the interests of individuals, Hu Xiaoyi said that wage growth actually growing faster than pensions, work more than a year to pay for one year, base wages are higher, and replaced with higher levels of pensions.
What about employment issues?
Develop more suitable for elderly people in positions
Postponing retirement is going to compete for jobs with young people? Hu Xiaoyi said, such concerns are not unreasonable. But the real solution lies in creating new jobs, new employment opportunities. In his view, the ageing of society is a challenge and an opportunity, itself will generate a lot of jobs.
Hu Xiaoyi said, postponing retirement at the same time, countries will also strictly control the early retirement incentive mechanism of strengthening old-age insurance, adjusting the industrial structure, develop more suitable for older persons and are not competing for jobs with young people in jobs, strengthen skills training for older persons, to minimize the negative effects of postponing retirement.
Interpretation
Now who's minimum retirement age?
Manual and male and female 45 years as the minimum retirement age of 50
According to the current provisions of national statutory retirement age of workers was a man aged 60 years old, female workers aged 50 years old, female cadres reached the age of 55. Well, high temperature, altitude, under particularly heavy physical work or work harmful to health, male retirement age is 55 years of age and women over 45 years of age, due to illness or non-work disability, proved and confirmed by the labour assessment Committee by the hospital completely lost the ability to work, the retirement age for men is 50 years of age, women aged 45 years old.
According to this provision, the male and female 50 years old is current the minimum retirement age of 45, may become a forerunner of the delayed retirement policies. But in fact it is easy to see, low retirement age groups fall into heavy worker, even lost the ability to work with people. Views were expressed that, for intellectual workers, delaying the retirement age may not cast too much of a negative effect on their lives, but for those manual workers delay retirement impact will become more evident. A cleaner who has worked for more than 20 years had complained that an older could not continue as a cleaner, "but at that time I also do not receive pensions. My life what should I do? ”
Who supports who disagree?
Manual worker who does not go back distinction between mental and manual workers
Tsinghua University School of public administration, employment and social security research center expert, Professor Liu Qinglong said for postponing retirement, you should first figure out what were in favour of a delay, and what our objection, "labour did not want to delay the retirement of the person, is not on the manual labor of trying to delay retirement. "He thinks delaying retirement policies to take into account the interests of intellectual workers more, does not consider manual workers ' interests to some extent," for manual workers, they are no eight-hour work system in labour when most vigorous strength all overdraft, they wanted to raise retirement pension the body, how might be willing to delay retirement? ”
Beijing morning news reporter saw last night on Twitter, a lot of people give their views on this topic, a Netizen named "wind roses 2011" view more representative – the retirement age programme should have a strong sense of industry characteristics, mental work and physical work cannot be the same pattern. Morning news reporter Chaudun
人保部副部长胡晓义表示，我国将采取渐进式延迟退休年龄的方式，以一年提高几个月的“迈小步”方式进行。曾有传言，延迟退休对公务员更为有利，政策可能会先从机关事业单位开始实施，胡晓义对此明确表示没有听说过。
何为渐进式？
提前几年告知 分步骤 迈小步
“研究制定渐进式延迟退休年龄政策”、“推进机关事业单位养老保险制度改革”已经写入十八届三中全会《决定》。胡晓义表示，所谓渐进式延迟退休年龄有三方面内容，第一是有一个预告期，提前几年告知社会；第二要分步骤，可能会考虑从现在规定的退休年龄最低的群体开始；第三，要“迈小步”，以“一年提高几个月”这样的方式，一步一步来，用较长的一段时间逐步完成平滑过渡。
胡晓义认为，渐进式延迟退休年龄符合我国实际。
公务员率先延退？
未听说率先延迟公务员退休年龄
针对延迟退休对公务员更为有利、机关事业单位率先开始实施的说法，胡晓义首次做出了回应。他表示，公务员的退休问题是有《公务员法》和其他的法律来规定的，现在仍是按照法律执行，延迟退休年龄的问题是作为社会总体政策来研究，并不是单对哪一个领域的就业群体来研究，“没有听说过有哪个人提出过率先延迟公务员退休年龄。”
何时打破双轨制？
养老金双轨制并轨尚无时间表
打破“养老金双轨制”的呼声近年来越来越高。对此，胡晓义表示，机关事业单位应该实行与企业目前大体一致的模式，也就是社会统筹和个人账户相结合的基本养老保险制度模式。这样有利于实现社会公平，也有利于实现人力资源的合理流动。他介绍说，要实行单位和个人双方缴费制度，然后建立社会统筹基金和个人账户基金，这样就可以实行资金的统筹安排和调剂使用，用大数法则来均衡企业之间的退休养老负担。
不过胡晓义表示，养老金双轨制并轨目前没有明确的时间表。
计发办法怎么改？
按缴费长短多少来计发退休费
胡晓义称，改革养老金的计发办法，就是把现在按最后的工资是多少计算一定比例来计发，改成按照缴费年限的长短、缴费的多少，来计发退休费，进而体现整个职业生涯的劳动所得、劳动贡献，同时也激励大家更好工作。同时，建立兼顾各种群体的社会保险待遇确定和正常调整机制，也就是全社会的社会保险待遇统筹考虑统筹安排，并要与经济发展水平联系起来，同时建立职业年金制度，构建多层次养老保险体系。
社会上有声音认为，延迟退休会增加养老金缴费年龄，从而损害缴费个人的利益，胡晓义指出，实际上工资的增长比养老金的增长要快，多工作一年多缴费一年，工资的基数就更高，替换成的养老金水平也更高。
就业问题怎么办？
将开发更多适合中老年人岗位
延迟退休是否会跟青年人争夺就业岗位？胡晓义坦言，这样的顾虑不无道理。但真正的出路还在于创造新的岗位、新的就业机会。他认为，社会老龄化是一种挑战也是机遇，本身就将产生大量岗位需求。
胡晓义表示，在延迟退休的同时，国家还将严格控制提前退休，强化养老保险激励机制，调整产业结构，开发更多适合中老年人、又不与青年人争夺工作机会的岗位，加强中老年人技能培训等，最大限度降低延迟退休的不利影响。
解读
目前谁退休年龄最低？
多为重体力劳动者 男50岁和女45岁为最低退休年龄
根据目前现行的规定，国家法定的企业职工退休年龄是男年满60周岁，女工人年满50周岁，女干部年满55周岁。从事井下、高温、高空、特别繁重体力劳动或其他有害身体健康工作的，退休年龄男年满55周岁，女年满45周岁，因病或非因工致残，由医院证明并经劳动鉴定委员会确认完全丧失劳动能力的，退休年龄为男年满50周岁，女年满45周岁。
按照这一规定，男50岁和女45岁是目前现行规定的最低退休年龄，可能会成为延迟退休政策的先行者。但实际上不难看出，退休年龄低的群体基本都属于重体力劳动者，甚至是失去劳动能力的人。有观点认为，对于脑力劳动者，延迟退休年龄可能不会对其生活造成过大的负面影响，但是对于那些体力劳动者，延迟退休的影响将更为明显。一位工作了20多年的清洁工就曾经抱怨，年纪一大就不能继续当清洁工了，“然而那个时候我还领不到养老金。我的生活该怎么办？”
哪些人支持哪些人反对？
一线体力劳动者不愿延退 脑力和体力劳动者应区别对待
清华大学公共管理学院教授、就业与社会保障研究中心专家刘庆龙表示，对于延迟退休，应该先搞清楚是什么人赞成延迟，又是哪些人反对，“在劳动一线的人没有想延迟退休的，想延迟退休的都不在体力劳动一线上。”他认为延迟退休政策更多地顾及了脑力劳动者的利益，一定程度上未考量体力劳动者的利益，“对于一线的体力劳动者，他们根本不是八个小时工作制，在劳动力最旺盛的时候，体力全都透支，他们希望在退休时能养养身体，怎么可能愿意延迟退休？”
北京晨报记者昨晚在微博上看到，不少人对这一话题也发表了观点，其中网友“因风吹过蔷薇之2011”的观点比较有代表性——退休年龄推迟方案应有强烈的行业特征，脑力劳动者和体力劳动者不可能采用相同的模式。晨报记者 肖丹
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