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published in(发表于) 2013/12/16 0:34:07
China’s largest stone ruins was first excavated more than a half meter long jade

Xinhuanet, Xian, December 13 (reporter Feng Guo)-according to the latest archaeological discovery, archaeologists at the site of the largest prehistoric stone--sacred stones in the hilly part of the archaeological excavation sites, jade was first discovered more than more than 50 cm and for the study of more than 4,000 years ago in ancient China's jade culture provides important information.

Stone of Shenmu County in Shaanxi hilly site was first discovered in the sixties and seventies of the last century, archaeological work continued in recent years, was recognized as China's largest stone ruins of prehistoric, especially last year found that the great wall, the complete structure and rarity of the East Gate of the city site was rated as significant "field archaeology in the world," one of the items.

According to archaeological excavations, this latest archaeological discovery of the Jade academic names to a jade tablet for up to 56 cm, is a well-known scholar Wu Dache, in the late Qing dynasty jade dynasty, based on descriptions of the rites, against real name at that time. For more than 100 years, the shape of a jade tablet of ancient farming tools has become a common name. This newly unearthed a jade tablet in hand, weighs about 3 kg and about 10 cm wide, and thin as a blade, used as a ritual objects exactly how is unclear.

Sun Zhouyong Vice President of Shaanxi Provincial Archaeological Research Institute researchers say in stone hilly in the archaeological excavations of the ruins last year, unearthed jade spade, yuhuang 6-piece complete jade. This archaeological unearthed of teeth a jade tablet is first times science excavations of teeth a jade tablet, it settlement has many of problem, such as settlement has era of problem, stone hilly Jade of background problem, stone hilly teeth a jade tablet of sources problem, past everyone the said its is, has said Han of or Zhou of, has said commercial generation of, also has said Longshan late of, this from formation learn Shang from archaeological Shang to has a died card, this things is Longshan late to summer generation this times that 4000 before and after of things.

Sacred Stone hilly site is a very important jade culture in northern China Regional Centre, once discovered, have unearthed a large number of exquisite jade, legend has it that in stone hilly jade overseas, there are more than 4,000 pieces. Yuyazhang respectively on the previous earliest known ruins of stone found in Shenmu of Shaanxi hilly Shandong linyi, Shandong haiyangsima site and ruins of fanzhuang, largely along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Two teeth unearthed at the Shandong Longshan culture a jade tablet, the structure is simpler, while another in Shaanxi central plain of Longshan culture site found a jade tablet of huge amounts, generally larger, more than 30 centimeters in length. Sacred Stone hilly time archaeologists had collected more than 120 pieces of jade, a jade tablet up to 28 teeth, indicating a jade tablet prevalence of ritual objects, reflects most of the teeth such as a jade tablet of jade stone hilly cultural development features.

Said Sun Zhouyong, jade, in addition to the large number, but also see it further with high-end luxury features. The prehistoric jade from the existing spread in the community, in the context of ancient China, at least you can see the sacred stone hilly is and the Liangzhu culture, qijia culture 4000 to 5000 before and after China's largest tribal group (or stump), and already there is a more obvious link.

According to preliminary archaeological work indicates that sacred stone hilly town is made up of the Imperial City, inner city, outer wall consisting of three basic integrity and relatively independent cities. About 4,300 years ago founded, destroyed during the Xia dynasty, is one of the largest known prehistoric site in the world. But the current archaeological excavations mainly confined to the southeast corner of Shicheng, belongs to the whole site of the tip of the iceberg.

　　新华网西安12月13日电（记者冯国）根据最新考古发现，考古学家在我国最大的史前石城遗址——神木石峁遗址的部分考古发掘中，首次发现了长达50多厘米的玉器，从而为研究4000多年前古代中国的玉文化提供了重要资料。

　　陕西省神木县的石峁遗址最初发现于上世纪六、七十年代，经近年来持续的考古工作，被确认为中国史前规模最大的石城遗址，尤其因去年发现的巨大城墙、完整的城市结构和罕见的东城门址而被评为重大“世界田野考古”项目之一。

　　根据考古发掘，这件最新考古发现的长达56厘米的玉器学术名称为牙璋，是清晚期著名学者吴大澈在《古玉图考》中根据《周礼》的记述，对照当时的实物命名的。一百余年来，形似古代农具的牙璋已成为约定俗成的名称。把这件新出土的牙璋拿在手中，感觉重量约3公斤，其宽约10厘米，而一边薄如刀刃，作为礼器具体如何使用则不清楚。

　　陕西省考古研究院副院长孙周勇研究员说，在去年石峁遗址的考古发掘过程中，就出土了玉铲、玉璜等6件完整玉器。这次考古出土的牙璋是第一次科学发掘的牙璋，它解决了很多的问题，譬如解决了年代的问题，石峁玉器的背景问题，石峁牙璋的来源问题，过去大家各说其是，有说汉代的或西周的，有说商代的，还有说龙山晚期的，这次从地层学上从考古学上给了一个死证，这个东西就是龙山晚期到夏代这个时期即4000年前后的东西。

　　神木石峁遗址是中国北方地区一个非常重要的玉文化区域中心，曾经发现、出土过大量精美的玉器，相传在海外的石峁玉器就有4000多件。此前所知最早的玉牙璋分别发现于陕西神木石峁遗址、山东海阳司马台遗址和山东临沂大范庄遗址等地，基本上是在黄河中下游一带。其中山东龙山文化的两处遗址出土的牙璋，形制较为简单，而陕西中原龙山文化遗址发现的牙璋数量巨大，器形普遍较大，长均超过30厘米。考古人员曾在神木石峁一次征集120余件玉器，其中牙璋多达28件，说明使用牙璋礼器盛行，反映了以牙璋等器为主的石峁玉文化发展的特色。

　　孙周勇说，玉器除了数量大之外，还要进一步看到它具有高端奢侈品的特点。从现存流传在社会上的史前玉器来看，在古代中国的范围内，至少可以看到神木石峁已经和良渚文化、齐家文化等4000年到5000年前后中国最大的部落集团（或者酋帮）等，已经存在着较明显的联系。

　　根据考古工作初步表明，神木石峁城址是由皇城台、内城、外城三座基本完整并相对独立的城址组成。其始建于约4300年前，到夏代时期毁弃，是世界上已知史前城址中最大的一个。但目前的考古发掘主要局限于石城的东南角，属于整体遗址的冰山一角。

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