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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/16 0:34:35 Decrypt the first Lunar Rover： after 10 years of research into the secret
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 13-title: close to "rabbit"-decrypt the first Lunar Rover
Xinhua reporter Wang Min
Chang, third key battle in mid-December will usher in the fall months, if all goes well, the "Jade Rabbit" out of the arms of the goddess, Lunar reconnaissance. As China's first Lunar Rover, the "Jade Rabbit" look like? How do on the Moon? What characteristics? Reporters interviewed experts in space technology Research Institute of the China Aerospace Science and technology group.
"YUTU": power, dexterity
Rovers, also known as the Lunar Rover, is an automatically moves to the surface of the moon to complete tasks such as detection, sampling, carries a highly integrated spacecraft, is zero-distance on the moon to complete major platform for scientific exploration tasks.
In the myths and legends of China, Chang embrace Moon Moon, Moon was given a pure, gentle, quick, clever, and other images. After global names, China's first Lunar Rover was named "rabbit".
It is understood that from abroad in the 1960 of the 20th century, started to develop the Lunar Rover, only the Soviet Union and the United States have developed 5 Lunar Rover, and successful implementation of a Rover on the lunar surface exploration activities.
China Academy of space technology experts, after 10 years of arduous research, China successfully developed the first Lunar Rover. "YUTU" weighed about 140 kilograms of Lunar Rover, rectangular box, the wing gathering under 1.5 meters long, 1 m wide and 1.1 meters high and has 6 wheels, body bling. In order to facilitate scientific exploration on the Moon Mission, "rabbit," to configure many treasures on, such as the panoramic camera, Lunar laser radar, particle induced x-ray spectrometer, infrared spectrometer ... ...
Expert describes it: shoulder insert "solar wings" foot "Firewheel" wearing "the Golden Flower", in the belly "secret".
"YUTU" mission, skills and strong
Well-to-do, the "rabbit" on the moon have a bunch of missions and tasks.
According to reports, the "Jade Rabbit" scientific exploration tasks mainly include: surface morphology and geological surveys, the Moon's surface composition and resources exploration, Lunar soil physical properties detection.
Chang third, detector total designers Sun Zezhou introduced, "rabbit" to can hosted detection instrument in moon surface for more points seated detection; to in moon surface must regional security driving, and smooth near interested in of detection target; while Moon car to ground away operation control mainly, but must has autonomous achieved dangerous emergency and local avoidance barrier; also to can adapted months surface environment, security spent moon night. After cold environment of the Moon, not "crash". This is my first time on a celestial body other than the Earth in position detection, the "Jade Rabbit" can be described as "pressure on the Grand".
Experts pointed out that the "Jade Rabbit" simulation test on the ground fully demonstrated excellent performance, its skillful, climbing, climbing, can withstand 300 degree Celsius temperature difference, have confidence in the performance of it on the moon.
"Moon Moon" and rest
According to reports, China's "Moon" Rover prototype for nine systems, separate subsystems for mobile systems, structures and agencies, guidance navigation and control systems, integrated electronic system, power system, thermal control systems, telemanipulation systems, measuring and control digital system, payload separation systems.
"YUTU" operating mode is divided into three main categories: travel, exploration, and communication. Rocker arm type suspension structure, of wheel running gear, independent driving; completed the surrounding environment recognition using stereo vision based on environmental information, secure path planning; realization of position detection using arm auxiliary instruments; logging month, soil thickness in radar detection and hierarchical information.
According to the introduction, in the Moonlight, Moon light and temperature environment is unable to meet the work requirements of Rover, the "Jade Rabbit" are closed in sleep mode, only guarantees required telemetry and ground contact, most science instruments shut down, power and thermal control system is responsible for providing equipment storage temperature conditions. The next Moon comes during the day, light and temperature conditions to meet the requirements, Lunar Rover autonomous wake up into a new round of work.
It is understood that the global total of 129 times Moon so far, the success rate is 51%. People look forward to, "rabbit," visit the Moon, telling a is different from mythology, legend. (End text)
新华社北京12月13日电 题：走近“玉兔号”——解密我国首个月球车
新华社记者王敏
嫦娥三号12月中旬将迎来落月的关键一战，如果顺利的话，“玉兔号”将脱离嫦娥的怀抱，进行月球勘测。作为我国首个月球车，“玉兔号”长什么样？到月球上怎么工作？有什么特性？记者采访了中国航天科技集团空间技术研究院的专家。
“玉兔号”：威风、敏捷
月球车，也称月面巡视探测器，是一种能够在月球表面自动移动，完成探测、采样、运载等任务高度集成的航天器，是在月球上完成零距离科学探测任务的重要平台。
在我国神话传说中，嫦娥怀抱玉兔奔月，玉兔被赋予纯洁、善良、敏捷、聪明等多种形象。经过全球征名后，我国首个月球车 被命名为“玉兔号”。
据了解，国外从20世纪60年代开始研制月球车，目前只有苏联和美国先后研制成功5款月球车，并成功实施了月球车在月球上的探测活动。
中国空间技术研究院专家介绍，经过10年艰苦攻关，我国研制成功首个月球车。“玉兔号”月球车重约140千克，呈长方形盒状，太阳翼收拢状态下长1.5米，宽1米，高1.1米，有6个轮子，周身金光闪闪。为了方便在月球上开展科学探测任务，“玉兔号”上配置众多宝贝，比如全景相机、测月雷达、粒子激发X射线谱仪、红外光谱仪……
专家这样形容它：肩插“太阳翼”，脚踩“风火轮”，身披“黄金甲”，腹中“秘器”多。
“玉兔”使命大、本领强
万里迢迢，“玉兔”到月球上有一大堆的使命和任务。
据介绍，“玉兔号”的科学探测任务主要包括：月表形貌与地质构造调查、月表物质成分和资源勘察、月壤物理特性探测等。
嫦娥三号探测器总设计师孙泽洲介绍，“玉兔”要能够承载探测仪器在月球表面进行多点就位探测；要在月球表面一定区域安全行驶，并顺利接近感兴趣的探测目标；虽然月球车以地面遥操作控制为主，但必须具备自主实现危险应急和局部避障；还要能够适应月面环境，安全度过月球黑夜。在经过月球寒冷的环境后，不能“死机”。这是我国第一次在地球以外的天体上进行多点就位探测，“玉兔号”可谓“压力山大”。
专家指出，“玉兔号”在地面模拟试验中，充分展现出卓越的性能，它本领高强，能爬坡，能越障，能耐受300摄氏度温差，对它在月球上的表现充满信心。
“玉兔探月”劳逸结合
据介绍，我国“玉兔号”月球车原理样机共有九个分系统，分别为移动分系统、结构与机构分系统、制导导航与控制分系统、综合电子分系统、电源分系统、热控分系统、遥操作分系统、测控数传分系统、有效载荷分系统等。
“玉兔号”主要工作模式分为三类：行走、探测、通信。采用摇臂悬架构型，轮式行走装置，独立驱动；采用立体视觉完成周围环境识别；根据环境信息，实现安全路径规划；利用机械臂辅助仪器实现就位探测；利用测月雷达探测土壤厚度和分层等信息。
据介绍，在月夜到来，月面的光照和温度环境不能满足月球车的工作需求时，“玉兔号”会休息，进入休眠模式，只保证和地面必需的遥测联系，大部分科学探测仪器关闭，电源和热控系统负责提供仪器的储存温度条件。待下一个月球白天到来，光照和温度条件达到要求，月面巡视探测器自主唤醒进入新一轮工作。
据了解，迄今全球共实施129次探月，成功率为51%。人们期待，“玉兔号”亲临月球，讲述一个与神话传说不一样的传奇。(完)
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