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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/16 0:35:01 East China four law apply to the 31 provincial anti pollution fee informationpublic , without reply
Environmental fines follow up: East four lawyers to apply for pollution control fee disclosure
One Shanghai chemical enterprises subordinate peers learned that inspectors often "visit" them here, probably because there is no "settling" inspectors. Of environmental assessment to "rent" phenomenon, in part.
In early December, ghostly haze, diffuse across.
Shanghai lawyers Li 珺 counterparts, almost ran the domestic information on the environmental protection agency announced, however, related to air pollution control of income and expenditure, still shrouded in haze blurred. On December 9 for three days, their succession to the country's 31 provincial-level environmental agency, sent a letter requesting information publicly, no response so far, "according to the information disclosure process and period is estimated to be back within a month. ”
"In accordance with the relevant provisions of the information disclosure, information on government departments to take the initiative to open. "The participation of Delta's lawyers include Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and four for four people.
Pollution charges and confiscated, an official of the Zhejiang environmental protection system for the 21st century business Herald said: "this is a kind of economic instruments to promote environmental governance, less so than an executive order. ”
Zhejiang, an EIA said causes complex pollution charge, according to his understanding during the EIA process, on the economic punishment, for business has been very tough, overwhelmed with some small business environmental protection expenditures, or even collapse, three years in at least 30 per cent.
"Up to now, are usually corporate irregularities, government accountability for enterprise. "But in the treatment of haze on the whip of economic, 21st century business Herald reporter interviewed by Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and Shanghai, a group of business owners, incomplete statistics was informed that pollution control into the ratio of at least three years increased by about 10 times.
However, the haze is still like a ghost and South filled the air, even grow. This is also how the paradox logic?
Chaos of penalty payments
Li 珺 lawyers based on the People's Republic of China Law on air pollution prevention and control provided for in article 14th, asking provincial environmental agencies to open 2010-2012 total air pollution fee charged for each year and, secondly, open 2010-2012 annual air pollution fees using the report on the accounts. That overall balance of open air sewage charges.
In fact, system to levy the sewage charges, State a dozen years ago has set.
September 1, 2000, the People's Republic of China air pollution prevention law. 14th article, "the State according to the type and quantity of the discharge of pollutants into the atmosphere system of levying sewage charges, according to the requirements of strengthening the control of air pollution and the country's economic and technological conditions reasonably sewage charges imposed by the standard. ”
"Sewage charges must comply with the standards prescribed by the State, specific measures and implementation procedures stipulated by the State Council. Sewage charges are levied shall be handed over to the financial, in accordance with the provisions of the State Council for the control of air pollution, and shall not be appropriated for other purposes, and the audit authorities shall perform the audit supervision. ”
Insiders of the Zhejiang environmental protection system introduced, almost three years, Governments at all levels in the air how important governance by leaps and bounds. And this governance in some regions render mesh, which is reflected in terms of fines and charges, not only regulatory body for enterprises, between the lines of the Government, but also formed an environmental assessment of fines number of link.
Such as Liaoning Province announced last May of the interim measures for the assessment of ambient air quality in Liaoning province, to subordinate the city's air quality was first established after the excessive punishment mechanism, evaluation is tentatively scheduled for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and respirable particulates (PM10), the three oldest air quality standards, under the old air quality standard secondary standard daily average concentration value assessment on a daily basis.
In order to advance in June last year, Liaoning started "Blue Sky project" pollution control actions at the provincial government changed the assessment index to lower levels of Government, that is, to check financial penalties on substandard City Government charged gold, also urged local governments to increase pollution control responsibility.
According to people close to introduce current fines last October, 11, haven't calculated in, and two months of Liaoning air pollution the more serious because the November start heating, pollutant emissions increase, "estimates with November and December, the final figure could be 70 million or 80 million dollars".
Based on publicly available information, blue sky engineering operations, altogether more than 5,800 projects across the province of Liaoning, total amount to 210 billion yuan.
Penalty system introduced in Government in General for enterprise environmental monitoring.
Taking Shanghai as an example. Enterprises in the Shanghai area, several monitoring inspection will be carried out during the year, the EPA official website published two examiners list, a total of more than 60 companies in violation of "control of air pollution management systems." These "no standard" corporate environmental fines, as well as rectification pollution control equipment. But on the other hand, the fine amounts and specific whereabouts, were not revealed.
"The environmental protection department responsible for the persistent haze weather should, it should at least let the public see what they do, the air where the sewage charges levied? Why last year's haze haze this year? Have taken positive and effective governance? I think the environmental protection departments on these issues should we give to the public. "The Jiangsu lawyer capped a series of questions.
Contacted in Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong and other environmental agencies and their official website, found no relevant publicly available information. But some local governments, through the news media, sporadic has revealed.
Hefei city, Anhui Province Environmental Protection Bureau officials have told local media in an interview said, "Hefei city level (not including counties), each year more than 30 million, annual figures vary, there is a change in accounting. 25% State and the province, the rest 75% is mainly used for point source pollution, regional governance and public complaints focus on pollution control and a few used for surveillance, monitoring of capacity-building. ”
"The emission budget of publicity, not only to environmental protection departments, but the joint environmental and financial. "December 12, Jiangsu environmental protection system of one staff member says over the phone.
Fine revenue, from both a national and provincial level, it is not yet clear that. Numerous cities in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai environmental protection agency journalists to understand that, for fees and fines, many of the environmental protection agency who are blunt, this part of the fine revenues and putting huge amounts of pollution control funding compared to "the bucket! ”
Environmental assessment by rent?
It is clear that this ruling economic scourge of haze, apparently in the form of chaos.
A chemical industry enterprises in Shanghai is more than more than 60 above under "air pollution prevention and control management system" companies. The business leaders said, environmental monitoring and, in the last three years, with a park next to a 5 similar business migration or a career change. While his own enterprise, in the relevant environmental permits had been made before, but the examiner's "surprise attack" after themselves don't understand what has gone wrong.
"Routine inspection in each quarter of the year; the usual spot checks, but said it was based on information received to check."
"Regardless of whether environmental compliance, complaint, environmental inspectors will on-site inspection, one must find out, fines do not see any concrete standards. "The foregoing business owner said. Moreover, the business owner learned from peers, inspectors often "visit" them here, probably because there is no "settling" inspectors.
The business owner learned from peers, 5 years ago that rent-seeking green cards is probably derived from the "curse".
"My green card is under 5 years ago, and has spent a total of more than 1 million Yuan. Now, after each inspection, I had to pay fines according to the environmental protection authorities, once again input or additional pollution control equipment. Jobs has reached more than 6 million, some devices have relied on staff to guide the acquisition, but each time it is found, there are bizarre ' substandard ', I really doubt the quality of equipment. ”
Hebei, a small business owner told the 21st century business Herald reporter, he dutifully follow the environmental protection departments to specify before, introducing a lot of official recommended the production of environmentally friendly equipment, and it is readily available in official issued "rings guarantee".
Later, he told peers ask about, just know some equipment problems. Later, he decidedly nor pursue Government enacted the so-called "tour assurance", itself from the real environmental protection equipment market procurement, such enterprise pollution treatment problems, rather than a real solution.
"Ironically, some local environmental protection departments, instead of maximum resistance of environmentally friendly propulsion. "The official mercilessly criticized some environmentalists and environmental protection equipment manufacturers against each other" collaboration ".
Reporters in many business owners surveyed, 90% per cent believed that, the aforementioned business owners reflects the environmental assessment of "rent" phenomenon, in part.
"It cannot be said to be inspection agency issues, business owners themselves were such a strong willingness to rent. "In Guangdong, Zhejiang and Shanghai are plastic products production base of the industry's top 50 business leaders for the 21st century business Herald introduced 5 years ago, environmental assessment, rent-really bad, but may tend to regulate these few years. And in Shanghai, he thinks are the most strict, standardized areas.
"This cost is not. Actually you do not accidentally or intentionally to go green sector guidance device, nothing will happen. "The entrepreneur said.
He explained that the environmental evaluation of formal channels are, at the beginning of construction of the factory, production investment project must be submitted to the environmental protection agency conducted preliminary EIA, "this operation requires about twenty thousand or thirty thousand Yuan. ”
After the adoption of the EIA for the first time, on request inputs environmental protection equipment, such as exhaust gas treatment systems, sewage systems, and so on. "Our equipment has reached about 20 million to 40 million, exceeds the requirements of environmental protection departments in our five to 10 times. ”
However, this investment is clearly extraordinary small business can afford.
"The rating of Government to regional GDP on the one hand, there is also an increasing focus on environmental protection, both between the conflicting, rent space will naturally arise. "The previous top 50 business owners as well as members of the area Committee analysis.
For this situation, four lawyers consistently believe that pollution problems such as air pollution, environmental protection departments should establish prevention supervision mode, stitch from your system, implementation of Government information publicity and its regulation of disclosures.
环保罚款追问：华东四律师申请治污费信息公开
上海一位化工企业主从同行那里了解到，稽查人员经常“光临”他们这里，可能是因为并没有“摆平”稽查人员。环保考核中的“寻租”现象，一定程度存在。
12月上旬，幽灵般的雾霾，弥漫大江南北。
上海律师李珺的律师圈同行，几乎查遍了国内环保机构公布的相关信息，然而，相关空气治污收支，仍如在雾霾笼罩着模糊不清。离12月9日已经三天，他们陆续向全国31个省级环保机构，发函要求信息公开，迄今没有任何回复，“根据信息公开的流程及期限，估计会在一个月内回复。”
“根据信息公开的有关规定，相关信息政府部门要主动公开。”此次参与追问的律师包括上海、江苏、浙江、安徽四地，共四人。
对于治污的收费与罚没，浙江环保系统一位官员对21世纪经济报道称：“这也是一种经济手段，推动环境治理，比行政命令好一点。”
浙江一名环评人士认为，治污收费成因复杂，根据他在环评过程中了解到的，在经济惩罚手段上，对于企业已经非常严厉，一些小型企业因为环保支出不堪重负，甚至被拖垮的现象，这三年起码在30家左右。
“到目前为止，通常都是企业违规，政府对企业追究责任。”而在这条治霾的经济之鞭上，21世纪经济报道记者通过江浙沪三地一批企业主的采访，不完全统计了解到，治污投入的比例这三年起码增加了10倍左右。
然而，雾霾依然如幽灵般在大江南北弥漫，甚至愈演愈烈。这又存在怎样的悖论逻辑？
混沌的罚款收支
李珺等律师依据《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》第14条规定，要求省级环保机构公开2010年-2012年每年收取的空气排污费总额；其次，公开2010年-2012年每年空气排污费使用决算报告。也就是公开空气排污费的整体收支情况。
实际上，征收排污费的相关制度，国家早在十几年前就已经设置。
2000年9月1日起，《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》施行。其中第十四条规定，“国家实行按照向大气排放污染物的种类和数量征收排污费的制度，根据加强大气污染防治的要求和国家的经济、技术条件合理制定排污费的征收标准。”
“征收排污费必须遵守国家规定的标准，具体办法和实施步骤由国务院规定。征收的排污费一律上缴财政，按照国务院的规定用于大气污染防治，不得挪作他用，并由审计机关依法实施审计监督。”
有浙江环保系统知情者介绍，近三年，各级政府在空气治理上重视程度在突飞猛进。而且这种治理在一些区域呈现网状化，这表现在罚款与收费方面，不仅仅是监管机构对企业，政府的上下级之间，也形成了一条以罚金数量化的环境考评纽带。
比如辽宁省去年5月公布《辽宁省环境空气质量考核暂行办法》，首次确立了对下级城市空气质量超标后的处罚机制，考核指标暂定为二氧化硫、二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)这三项旧的空气质量标准，按照旧的空气质量标准二级标准日平均浓度值，按日考核。
为了推进去年6月份辽宁启动的 “蓝天工程”治污行动，省一级政府改变了对下级政府的考核指标，即对考核不达标的城市政府收取财政上的处罚金，也同时督促地方政府增强治污责任感。
据知情者介绍，目前的罚金计算到今年10月份，11、12月的还没计算进来，而这两个月辽宁的空气污染比较严重，因为11月份开始供暖，污染物排放量加大，“估计加上11月和12月，最后的数字可能在七八千万元”。
根据公开的信息，在蓝天工程行动中，辽宁全省一共5800多个项目，总需金额2100亿元。
罚款制度，也在政府对企业的常规环境监测中推行。
以上海为例。上海市针对辖区内的企业，一年中会进行若干次监测稽查，在环保局官方网站公示的两批稽查企业名单中，共有60多家违反了“大气污染防治管理制度”。对于这些“没达标”的企业，环保收取罚金，同时会限期整改治污设备。但另一方面，罚金金额和具体去向，则没有公布。
“环保部门对持续的雾霾天气应该负有责任，至少应该让公众看到他们做了什么，征收的空气排污费用在哪了？为什么去年雾霾今年还有雾霾？有没有采取积极有效的治理？我想在这些问题上环保部门应该对公众有个交代。”江苏律师封顶一连串追问。
记者联系浙江、安徽、山东等地环保机构及其官方网站，均没发现相关公开的信息。不过也有一些地方政府，通过新闻媒体，零星有所透露。
比如安徽省合肥市环保局官员曾接受当地媒体采访时透露，“合肥市本级(不含县区)每年3000多万，每年数字不一，核算中有变化。25%上交国家和省里，剩下的75%主要用于点源、区域污染治理以及群众投诉集中的污染源治理，小部分用于监察、监测能力建设。”
“排污收支的公示，不仅仅在于环保部门，而应该是环保和财政联合的。”12月12日，江苏环保系统一名工作人员在电话里称。
罚金收入具体多少，从国家和省一级，尚不能清晰得知。记者向江浙沪多个城市环保机构了解得知，对收费与罚款，多名环保机构人士均直言，这部分的罚金收入和投入的巨额治污经费相比，“九牛一毛而已！”
被寻租的环保考核？
很明显，这条治霾的经济之鞭，显然处于混沌之状。
上海一家化工领域的企业是上述60多家违反“大气污染防治管理制度”的企业之一。该企业负责人称，环保的监测越来越严，这三年里，同个园区里已经有5家同类企业迁移或者转行。而他自己的企业，在之前其实已经取得了相关的环保许可证，但此次稽查的“突袭”后，自己压根不明白，到底哪里又出问题了。
“一年中常规性的稽查一般每个季度一次；平常有突击检查，但都说是根据举报来检查”。
“不管是否环保达标，只要有人举报，环保监察人员就会上门稽查，一查准出事儿，罚款也不明白有没有具体标准。”前述企业主称。而且，这位企业主从同行那里了解到，稽查人员经常“光临”他们这里，可能是因为并没有“摆平”稽查人员。
这位企业主从同行那里了解到， 5年前那场寻租所得的环保证或许就是“祸根”。
“我的环保证是5年前办下的，总共花了100多万元。现在，每次稽查后，我都得根据环保部门的要求交罚金，再次投入或追加治污设备。陆续投入已经达到了600多万，一些设备都是根据工作人员指引购置的，但每次被查，总会出现莫名其妙的‘不达标’，我实在怀疑设备的质量。”
有河北一家小型企业的负责人告诉21世纪经济报道记者，他之前很规矩地按照环保部门指定，引进了很多官方推荐的公司所生产的环保设备，并能轻松获得官方颁发的“环保证”。
后来他跟同行一打听，才知道一些设备存在问题。后来他一狠心，也不追求政府颁布的所谓“环保证”了，自己从市场采购真正的环保设备，如此企业治污的问题，反而真正解决了。
“不客气地说，部分地方一些环保部门，反而是环保推进的最大阻力。”这位负责人不客气地批评一些环保人士与环保设备商互相“勾结”的现象。
接受记者调查的多家企业主中，90%以上的人认为，前述企业主反映的环保考核中的“寻租”现象，一定程度存在。
“有的也不能说是稽查机构的问题，企业主本身也存在这种强烈的寻租意愿。”在广东、浙江、上海三地均有塑化产品生产基地的行业前50强企业负责人对21世纪经济报道介绍， 5年前那次环保考核中，寻租确实比较恶劣，但这几年可能趋于规范。而上海，是他认为相对还是国内最严格、规范的区域。
“这笔投入费用是省不了的。其实你不去购买环保部门有意或者无意指引的设备，也不会有事。”这位企业主说。
他介绍，正规的环保评测渠道是，在工厂建设之初，就必须将生产投资的项目递交到环保机构进行前期环评，“这个环节需要两三万元左右。”
首次环评通过后，根据要求投入环保设备，比如废气处理系统，污水排放系统等等。“我们的设备投入已经达到了两千万到四千万左右，起码超过了环保部门对我们的要求的五到十倍。”
然而，这种投资，显然非一般的小微企业所能承受。
“地方政府一方面为了区域GDP考核，一方面又越来越注重环保，两者矛盾之间，寻租的空间自然会出现了。”前述行业50强企业主同时也是辖区的政协委员如此分析。
对于这种状况，四名律师比较统一地认为，对于大气污染等污染治理问题，环保部门应该建立预防为主的监管模式，从制度上防微杜渐，落实政府信息公开和监管信息披露。
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