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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/16 0:35:04 Economists suggested that after the third plenary session will come under the official tide
From the official "go" to the entrepreneur community
Official "the sea" is a relatively uncommon things in recent years, recently started talking and to be concerned. Some time ago, two officials in Guangzhou have "defected" private enterprises, attracting buzz. These days, an agency Economist author, said after the third plenary session will usher in a new round of official tide below.
"Defected" officials of private enterprises in the future if I can break some new business, need time to test. After the third plenary session of the new round of official "sea" tide can form, also need to be observed. Through these messages, however, makes people feel vaguely is that officials "sea" this phenomenon, I'm afraid not, as in previous years, then subsided.
The institutional economists based on three facts to prove it: a market role of this formulation is available; the second is the effect of the reform of State-owned enterprises; third, the independent Commission against corruption under the new official becoming more and more difficult. These ideas have a certain logic, but can form a "sea" tide, is unknown.
Official "the sea", that is, from the public sector "down" in the ocean of market economy. Squeezed out of young people also want to be under the background of civil servants, officials instead of "sea" contrasts natural strongly. However, the official "go" is not necessarily bad, just goes to show the "bureaucrat" some kind of cultural digestion, reflects the attractiveness of the market went up. Therefore, for officials "sea" this phenomenon should be welcomed. Of course, to guard against some of the people with the power of "go", it will certainly give rise to many new problems.
In 1978, after the reform and opening up, in the 80 's of the last century, there have been a wave of official "sea" tide. That history was very impressed so far. A group of educated, qualified officials to enter business, adding vitality to the market. When the market opened, those long officials discovered another day high in the institutional space for the birds to fly, or even a more attractive place to visit. Have to admit, this process also has an accompanying chaos.
This official "sea" the tide finally began to ebb. For a long time, private enterprises poor business environment, issues such as financing difficult, deeply plagued entrepreneur monopoly State-owned enterprises and other issues hampering the entrepreneur's road to wealth. In contrast, the stability of the civil service but there is a strong, invisible benefits good, also the existence of "capitalization of power". Overall, the "bureaucrat" culture is also considerable market power to many people in awe.
In sharp contrast, has led to two results, one for young people has a strong absorption of the civil service, a lot of people on the "Army crowded bridge" road to civil service exams; second, the system is no longer willing to come out, not to mention the official "go"--sometimes a case, it is mainly for special personal reasons. Chinese officialdom has evolved within the labour market, "locking" effect, civil servants, including officials within the General preference system development, and little from officialdom turned to outside ideas.
Obviously, if more officials are willing to go, more public servants willing to institutional development, it is "there's a whole world out there", it is more dynamic and vibrant market economy. A man both inside and outside the institution, can make a contribution to society. But if the system is too strong adsorption, be sure it is not normal. In this sense, the more officials towards the outside, surfing on the market, people would like to have.
Management master Peter Drucker has a vision of a "the entrepreneurial society". In its view, "the entrepreneurial society" is to overcome a social ecological disadvantages of welfare society press is the substantial resource flows to social entrepreneurs, fortune-seekers, innovators, is able to provide freedom and space for the creative force in society. Judging from the present situation in China, if officialdom "lock" effect does not disappear, then the ideals of "the entrepreneurial society" to appear. Get rid of this "lock" effect requires efforts of the whole community the need to reform the political system, and to create a healthier market environment.
Sceptical people carries the power of "sea", belonging to another problem, but it is worth recalling. This form of "the sea" is a alternative form of corruption. "The capitalization of power" phenomenon, every effort must be made to curb and eliminate.
从官员“下海”到企业家社会
官员“下海”，近些年里算是比较少见的事情，最近又开始被议论、被关注。前些时候广州两位官员先后“投奔”民企，引来热议。这两天，又有一位机构经济学家撰文，称三中全会后将迎来新一轮官员下海潮。
“投奔”民企的官员未来是否能闯出一番新事业，需要时间去检验。三中全会后新一轮官员“下海”潮是否能形成，也需要观察。但透过上述这些信息，隐约让人感觉到的是，官员“下海”这个现象恐怕不会像前些年那么沉寂了。
这位机构经济学家根据三个方面的事实来证明其论点：一是市场决定作用这一提法的面世；二是国企再改革的效应；三是廉政新风之下当官越来越不容易。这些观点都有一定的道理，但接下来能不能形成“下海”潮，却是未知。
官员“下海”，即是从国家公务部门“下”到了市场经济的海洋里。在青年人挤破头也想成为公务员的大背景下，官员反而“下海”，反差自然强烈。不过，官员“下海”未必是坏事情，恰恰说明了“官本位”文化的某种消解，反映了市场的吸引力在增大。因此，对于官员“下海”这一现象，应持欢迎态度。当然，也要警惕一些人夹带权力“下海”，那一定会产生不少新的问题。
自1978年改革开放之后，在上世纪的80年代，曾出现过一波官员“下海”潮。那段历史至今令人印象很深。一批有文化、有素质的官员进入商界，给市场增添了活力。当市场的大门打开，那些长期在体制内的官员发现了另一个天高任鸟飞的空间，甚至是一个更有吸引力的去处。也要承认，这个过程中亦伴随出现了一些乱象。
这波官员“下海”潮最终渐渐退潮。很长一段时间里，民企经营环境不佳，诸如融资艰难等问题深刻困扰着创业者，国企垄断等问题也阻碍着民营企业家的创富之路。相比而言，公务员系统却有较强的稳定性，隐形福利不错，也存在着“权力资本化”现象。总体来说，“官本位”文化还是有着相当的市场，很多人对权力心存敬畏。
这样的强烈对比，导致了两种结果，一是公务员系统对年轻人有很强的吸附力，很多人由此踏上了“千军万马挤独木桥”的公务员考试之路；二是体制内的人不再愿意出来，更别说官员“下海”了——偶有个例，那也主要是有特别的个人原因。中国的官场内部渐渐形成了劳动力市场的“锁住”效应，包括官员在内的公务人员普遍倾向于在体制内发展，而少有从官场转向体制外的想法。
显然，如果更多的官员愿意下海，更多的公务人员愿意走向体制外发展，那一定是“外面的世界很精彩”，一定是市场经济更有活力和生机。一个人无论在体制内外，都可以为社会做贡献。但倘若体制内吸附力过强，则一定是不正常的。在这个意义上，更多的官员走向体制外，在市场里冲浪，为人所乐见。
管理学大师德鲁克一直憧憬一个“企业家社会”。在其看来，“企业家社会”是克服福利社会之弊的一种社会生态，是社会资源大量流向创业者、创富者、创新者的社会，是能够为创新力量提供自由和空间的社会。从当下中国的情况来看，如果官场“锁住”效应不消失，则理想中的“企业家社会”难以出现。破除这种“锁住”效应需要整个社会的努力，需要改革政治体制，营造一个更健康的市场经济环境。
警惕一些人夹带权力“下海”，属于另一个问题，但也值得提醒。这种形式的“下海”，是腐败的另类形式。对于“权力资本化”现象，必须竭力遏制并消除。
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