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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/16 0:39:37 Lunar New year if three days of heavy pollution in Beijing banned Fireworks， including environmentally friendly Fireworks
The Beijing News (by staff reporter Guo Chao) Horse Festival, the next three days the air pollution, city-wide park of fireworks, Fireworks retail outlets to suspend the sale of fireworks. Yesterday, the Beijing Municipal Government informed the Fireworks, year of fireworks during the Spring Festival from January 25 (thus 25) go on sale, less smoke, sulphur-free Fireworks will be featured.
Fireworks stock and outlets double drop
From the perspective of data currently available, as Beijing Fireworks franchisee Yan Long, Panda, Doudou three Fireworks sales company to market expected bearish, stock up Fireworks retail outlets throughout the city and fireworks are both down sharply this year.
Relevant person in charge of the municipal Fireworks Office, three Fireworks sales manufacturers sales down about 40% last year, cut back stock this year, three are expected to purchase 400,000 boxes, coupled with no sales last year out of 200,000 boxes, horse Spring Festival Beijing Fireworks stock only 643,000, nearly 200,000 fewer than in the last year of 810,000 boxes boxes.
Also reduced retail Fireworks outlets. Siting and layout of the retail outlets are currently, relevant departments said that dot the total fall is a foregone conclusion.
Orange alert Fireworks sales suspended
During the Spring Festival period, according to the air pollution plan, released in case of red and orange alerts, will be introduced in a citywide ban. Orange alert for predicting the future lasts 3 days alternating with severe pollution or pollution; a red alert for serious pollution with predicting the future lasts 3 days.
Municipal environmental protection Bureau Deputy Director Wang bin introduction of atmospheric environmental management, when Orange and red alert is reached, city air heavily polluted command is going to give the early warning instructions of the whole city, and posted on the early warning Center platform, and related media release tips to ban Fireworks.
Fireworks related official said that management measures banned fireworks in two parts: one part is mandatory, requirements Fireworks sales enterprises to stop distribution, requiring retail outlets to stop selling; the other part is set off to the public, is primarily persuasion, launch a street, neighborhood committees and volunteers took to the streets of villages and towns to discourage them. "If the individual does not listen to advice, and verbal assault counselling personnel, will be processed in accordance with the Security Administration punishment regulations of public security organs. ”
Environmentally friendly Fireworks main drug to play non-sulfur
Different horse Festival, Fireworks three Fireworks business manufacturers put to 10% per cent on the respective product's eco-friendly Fireworks. Safety supervision Bureau in charge, the manufacturers 400,000 cartons of fireworks in the new book, the proportion of new environment-friendly products to 18.7%.
Standardization of quality and technical supervision Bureau Director Lai Dong introduced Beijing Fireworks quality landmark was amended this year, increasing environmental requirements of fireworks. This environmentally friendly Fireworks, one of the most important criteria are: in addition to lead, Fireworks main medicine plays no sulfur, in addition to sign on the packaging, "environmental protection".
Yesterday, the new layout from the Panda Hall, coming in horse sales of eco-friendly Fireworks already on Friday. Green eco-friendly Fireworks logo printed on the packaging of fireworks.
Staff, consumers see the sign will be able to distinguish which are environmentally-friendly. In addition, some completely without residue, no new Fireworks of confetti, directly on the outer packaging reads "eco-friendly Fireworks." "The world's first totally sulfur-free Fireworks require sulfur landmarks in full compliance with the Beijing Fireworks. "The staff pointed to a firecracker that, although the Fireworks appearance saw no difference, but the quality is significantly lighter than the same volume of normal Fireworks.
Ask
"Environmentally friendly Fireworks" look like?
Fireworks in addition to lead without sulfur
According to the Bureau of quality and technical supervision Department in charge, environmentally friendly Fireworks to meet a variety of standards, including national standards and Beijing landmarks, some more strict targets Beijing landmarks, such as the charge. Eco-friendly fireworks in accordance with the standard provisions, apart from lead, Fireworks, and key indicators no sulfur. Eco-friendly fireworks from the appearance and General Fireworks, but you want to mark an overpack "environmental protection". Fireworks that meet environmental protection standards, significantly reduced the discharge of smoke after, sometimes there is no smoke, after discharging the air visibility will not be affected, and all products have no discharge of garbage, such as confetti.
According to IOC requirements, Olympics Fireworks Fireworks need to align with the internationally accepted environmental protection standards. 2008 Beijing Olympics bird's nest Fireworks, green won the community spoke highly of it. To impress the world, "large footprint" Fireworks is environmental protection.
But in the past due to cost constraints, civilian use of fireworks and firecrackers has been unable to adopt the technology. After 5 years of research, civilian firecracker decontamination technology has matured this year. And the rendering of the Visual effect, or even superior to the traditional Fireworks.
Environmentally friendly Fireworks cost?
Least expensive sulphur-free crackers 20
In charge of the Fireworks Office, eco-friendly fireworks from the production process and filling materials, cost prices are more expensive than ordinary Fireworks. Manufacturers had already been tried last year production of environmentally friendly Fireworks, technology has become mature, so this year's price is slightly lower than last year. Panda fireworks in charge, hundreds of large portfolio of Panda Fireworks mark Chinese New Year Fireworks, over two-thirds suggested retail price of between 300 yuan to 500 Yuan, in order to promote the use of environmentally friendly Fireworks, a cheaper non-sulfur firecracker retail price of 20 Yuan, cheaper than ordinary firecrackers.
Banned fireworks include environmental protection?
Still banned during the burn-ban list
In charge of the Fireworks Office, asked three Fireworks franchise stocking environmentally friendly fireworks of 10% per cent. Whether from sellers or consumers about environmentally friendly fireworks requires an adaptation process. Is mandatory for the first time this year, environmentally friendly Fireworks sales, management would also like to see results. If this works well, so starting from 2015 Spring Festival, began in sales launches eco-friendly Fireworks.
But green fireworks are Fireworks, air of encounters an orange warning, this type of fireworks are still banning the sale and is forbidden as well.
Construction
Environmentally friendly Fireworks still pollution reduces the human body against
The Beijing News (by Deng Qi) what is the significance of selecting environmentally friendly fireworks on the atmospheric environment? Institute of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher Wang gengchen believes that removal of heavy metals and sulfur in the environmentally friendly Fireworks, largely reducing the harm to the human body, followed by reduced pollutant concentrations.
Fireworks will change particulate chemical composition
"It turns out, Fireworks and release process, increased concentrations of particulate matter in the atmosphere very quickly. "Wang gengchen said, although the fireworks are localized and short-term behavior, but it does have a greater impact on air pollution.
He said constituents such as heavy metals and sulfur in the Fireworks, in addition to having an impact on particulate matter concentrations, but more importantly are harmful to the human body.
He explained that the Fireworks process, in addition to increased concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere itself, will change the composition of particulate matter, especially the harmful ingredients, such as heavy metals, Fireworks and firecrackers issued dazzling brilliance, because it contains metal components. On these hazardous ingredients adhere to the particles and thereby cause harm to the human body.
Environmentally friendly Fireworks does not mean pollution to zero
Environmentally friendly Fireworks does that mean that does not have any impact on the environment, are free to discharge it? Wang gengchen said that as long as the combustion process, it will have an impact on the atmosphere.
"Pollution reduction to zero pollution is one of the more optimistic estimates, I think are hard to reach. "Wang gengchen said, get rid of heavy metals and sulfur, the use of organic material as fuel, can reduce the metal powder produced by the combustion of respirable particulate matter and sulfur produced by the combustion of sulphur dioxide.
Orange alerts or red flags when heavy pollution, Wang gengchen believes that everyone should try to do it or not fireworks as little as possible.
Eco-friendly Fireworks cost is higher than normal Fireworks, Wang gengchen, and does not affect everyone buy environmentally friendly Fireworks. He said that after all the fireworks are not daily necessities. He predicted that with everyone's environmental awareness raising, Fireworks this year as a whole should have a more significant decline in consumption.
(Original title: three days of heavily polluted Chinese New Year Fireworks ban)
新京报讯 (记者郭超)马年春节，若预计未来三天空气重污染，全市范围将停放烟花爆竹，烟花零售网点须暂停销售烟花爆竹。昨天，北京市政府烟花办通报，马年春节烟花将从1月25日零时(腊月二十五)开售，少烟、无硫的烟花将成主打。
烟花备货和网点双下降
从目前掌握的数据看，作为北京市烟花专营商，燕龙、熊猫、逗逗三家烟花销售企业，均对市场预期不乐观，全市烟花零售网点和烟花备货量今年双双下降。
市烟花办相关负责人介绍，因三家烟花销售厂商去年销售下滑约40%，今年纷纷减少备货，三家预计进货40万箱，加上上年度没有销售完的20万箱，马年春节北京市场烟花备货只有64.3万箱，比去年81万箱减少近20万箱。
同时缩减的还有烟花零售网点。目前零售网点的选址和布点正在进行，相关部门负责人表示，网点总量下降已成定局。
橙色预警烟花销售暂停
在春节期间，根据空气重污染预案，在发布红色和橙色预警的情况下，将在全市范围内实行禁放。橙色预警为预测未来持续3天交替出现重度污染或严重污染；红色预警为预测未来持续3天出现严重污染。
市环保局大气环境管理处副处长王斌介绍，达到橙色和红色预警时，市空气重污染指挥部会向全市下达预警指令，并通过预警发布中心的平台，以及相关媒体发布禁放烟花的提示。
烟花办相关负责人说，禁放烟花的管理措施分两部分：一部分是强制性的，要求烟花销售企业停止配送，要求零售网点停止销售；另一部分是对市民的燃放行为，主要是劝导，发动街乡镇、居委会和志愿者上街劝阻。“如果有个别人员不听劝导，并谩骂殴打劝导人员，公安机关将按照治安管理处罚法规进行处理。”
环保烟花主体药弹无硫
与以往不同，马年春节，烟花办要求三家烟花经营厂商在各自产品中投放10%至20%的环保型烟花。安监局相关负责人介绍，各厂商新预订的40万箱烟花中，新型环保烟花产品所占比例达到18.7%。
质监局标准化处处长赖东介绍，今年北京修订了烟花爆竹质量地标，增加了环保烟花的要求。这种环保烟花最主要的一个标准是：除引线外，烟花主体药弹中不含硫，另外包装上要标志“环保”字样。
昨天，从熊猫烟花新布置的展厅看，即将在马年销售的环保型烟花已经上架。绿色的环保烟花标志印在烟花的外包装上。
工作人员介绍，消费者看到标志就能分辨出哪些是环保型的。此外，有些完全无渣、无纸屑的新型环保烟花，直接在外包装上印着“环保烟花”。“这款全球首发的完全无硫花炮完全符合北京的烟花无硫的地标要求了。”工作人员指着一款花炮说，虽然这款花炮外观看上没什么区别，但质量明显比同体积普通烟花要轻。
追问
“环保烟花”啥样子？
烟花主体除引线外没有硫磺
据质监局相关部门负责人介绍，环保型烟花要符合一系列标准，包括国标和北京地标，有些指标北京地标要求得更严格，比如装药量等。环保型烟花按照标准规定，烟花主体除引线外，主要指标要没有硫磺。环保型烟花从外观上与普通烟花一样，但企业要在外包装上标注“环保”字样。符合环保标准的烟花，燃放后烟雾明显减少，有的甚至没有形成烟雾，燃放后空气能见度不会受影响，而且所有产品没有纸屑等燃放垃圾。
根据国际奥委会要求，奥运会时的烟花需符合国际上通行的环保烟花标准。2008年北京奥运的鸟巢焰火燃放，就曾因环保获得了社会高度评价。给全世界留下深刻印象的“大脚印”就是环保烟花。
但过去因成本限制，民用烟花爆竹一直无法采用该技术。历经5年攻关，今年民用花炮去污染技术已成熟。而其呈现的视觉效果，甚至会优于传统烟花。
环保烟花多少钱？
最便宜无硫鞭炮20元
烟花办负责人介绍，环保型烟花从制作工艺和填充原料上，成本价格都要比普通烟花贵。去年就已经有厂商试生产环保烟花，技术日趋成熟，所以今年的价格会比去年略低。熊猫烟花负责人介绍，熊猫烟花马年春节的近百种大型组合烟花，超过2/3的建议零售价都介于300元到500元之间，为了倡导市民燃放环保烟花，最便宜的无硫鞭炮零售价20元，比普通鞭炮还便宜。
禁放包括环保烟花？
禁放期间仍属禁燃之列
烟花办负责人介绍，今年要求三家烟花专营企业投放10%到20%的环保型烟花。无论从销售者还是消费者来说，对于环保型烟花都需要一个适应过程。今年是第一次强制要求环保型烟花销售比例，管理部门也要看效果。如果今年效果不错，那么从2015年春节开始，在销售环节就开始大量投放环保型烟花。
但环保烟花也是烟花，因此在遇到空气橙色预警时，这类烟花仍属于禁止销售和禁止燃放之列。
释疑
环保烟花仍存污染只是降低人体危害
新京报讯 (记者邓琪)选择环保烟花究竟对大气环境有何意义？中科院大气物理研究所研究员王庚辰认为，环保烟花中去除重金属和硫元素，主要是降低了对人体的危害，其次才是降低了污染物浓度。
烟花燃放会改变颗粒物化学成分
“事实证明，烟花爆竹释放的过程中，大气颗粒物的浓度增加很快。”王庚辰说，尽管烟花燃放是局地和短期内的行为，但确实对空气污染有较大影响。
他说，烟花中的重金属和硫元素等成分，除了对颗粒物浓度有影响，更重要的是对人体危害较大。
他介绍，燃放烟花过程中，除大气颗粒物本身浓度会增加，还会改变颗粒物的成分，尤其是有害的成分，比如重金属，烟花爆竹发出炫目光彩，因为其中含有金属成分。这些有害成分会附着在颗粒物上，从而对人体产生危害。
环保烟花并不意味着污染为零
环保烟花是否意味着对环境没有任何影响，可以随意燃放呢？王庚辰表示，只要有燃烧过程，就会对大气有影响。
“污染减少至零污染是一个比较乐观的估计，我认为比较难达到。”王庚辰说，去除了重金属和硫元素，采用有机物作为可燃物，可以减少金属粉燃烧后产生的可吸入颗粒物，以及硫元素燃烧后产生的二氧化硫。
在重污染橙色预警或红色预警的时候，王庚辰认为，大家应该尽量做到不放或者尽量少放烟花。
环保烟花的成本比普通烟花高，在王庚辰看来，并不会影响大家选择购买环保烟花。他表示，毕竟烟花不是日常必需品。他预计，随着大家环保意识的提高，今年整体上烟花爆竹的消费量应该会有较大幅度的下降。
(原标题：遇三天重污染 春节烟花禁放)
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