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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/16 0:39:59 Media says engineers， doctors are expected to lead to delaying retirement
Delaying retirement to go step by step, starting from a minimum retirement age groups, starting from low coefficient of elasticity of substitution groups of human resources, gradually extended to all kinds of groups. Human resources refers to the low coefficient of elasticity of substitution groups to join groups that high threshold, strong core competitiveness, such as engineers, doctors, etc.
Integrated Xinhua News widely circulated "delaying retirement will begin in civil service or blue-collar workers," said, yesterday was officially denied. Hu Xiaoyi, Vice Minister of human resources and social security, 12th in the State Council information office held a press conference to say, never heard about postponing retirement from the civil service started or from heavy physical work begins.
On work related to delaying retirement, Hu Xiaoyi said that was just carried out some research in a particular area and try, like previous stage in Shanghai for a flexible pensionable age and tried.
Delaying retirement steps
Recent reports said, delaying retirement will begin in civil service or blue-collar workers. In this regard, Hu Xiaoyi was denied. "I do not know which one or which agency has suggested that delaying the retirement age starting from the civil service. "Hu Xiaoyi said," say you are starting from heavy physical work, I guess it is a guess. ”
"This policy making process are being studied, some speculation is also good, but not as conclusive guesses. "Hu Xiaoyi said," Welcome to the community of various research institutions provides suggestions for implementing the spirit of the plenary session decided, but we are also not in favor of assuming a critique of ideas and then go. ”
Hu Xiaoyi stressed that delaying retirement to go step by step, starting from a minimum retirement age groups, starting from low coefficient of elasticity of substitution groups of human resources, gradually extended to all kinds of groups.
Current employees ' retirement age for men and 60 years of age, women 55 years of age, female workers 50 years of age. Human resources low coefficient of elasticity of substitution groups refer to groups of high entrants doorsill, strong core competitiveness, such as engineers, doctors, etc.
The Deputy Minister, in an interview with reporters, said, if the retirement age remained lower levels will limit elderly human resources, especially women take full advantage of human resources.
Labour is no longer unlimited supplies
Delaying retirement another controversial point is whether the policy would aggravate already already grim employment situation. A case study of graduates in 2013, fresh University graduates reached 6.99 million in 2014, is expected to reach 7.27 million that "graduation means unemployment" have not been fully resolved, delaying retirement not be worse?
"On the issue of youth employment and the gradual delay in retirement age, it is at this stage of China's economic and social development is a contradiction embodied. "Hu Xiaoyi said," the general trend of development of the current and coming period remains labour supply exceeds demand, we must still put promoting employment and entrepreneurship in a prominent location to be arranged. ”
He said that total amount of labor resources in China in 2012 for the first time there has been an absolute decline of the situation, compared with 3.45 million reduction of labour supply, this important signal heralds era of unlimited supplies of labour is coming to an end.
"So think about the long term, we must also look at how much more full and efficient use of labour resources problem. "Hu Xiaoyi said, every year, about 6 million retirees in recent years dropped out of the workplace, of course, and the employment of young people or new growth of employment form must be replaced, but not the simple addition and subtraction.
He said, for instance, now is to phase out backward production capacity, stepping down on these so-called sunset industry, which will not be filled by young people, as the industry has been in decline, so it is not a simple one and one minus substitution, but in industrial structure adjustment to provision of labour, human resources and structure of the socio-economic development process of matching.
He pointed out that delaying retirement for several years in advance notice cannot be announced this year to implement next year, and to make public, in particular the necessary preparation time and related groups.
Shanghai pilot flexible pension
Chinese Academy of social sciences said Zheng Bingwen, Director of social security research center in the world, from the world-wide, extending the retirement age, there are two strategies: one is flexible (flexible) delayed pension age; the second was gradual delay in retirement age. The main difference between the two: the first is the "available options", adhering to the principle of voluntary, while the latter is not.
As of October 1, 2011, Shanghai took the lead in the implementation of flexible delay the claim the basic old-age pension formalities and release on trial, under delayed age males less than 65 years of age, females less than 60 years of age.
"The pilot after a period of time, we found this strategy results are unsatisfactory. "Zheng Bingwen said," first, retirees can take pension to wage earners, two incomes higher than to continue working do not receive pension; Secondly, lack of flexible retirement incentives, many dry years there is no significant increase of pensions, it is difficult for most people to accept. ”
Hu Xiaoyi in the interpretation of "incremental", said "small steps, such as delayed only a few months each year, small step, Xu, a longer period of time to complete a smooth transition. ”
Zheng Bingwen believes that practice from around the world, delaying retirement age did not stop, but take incremental scenario, every few years, 3 months, delay of 5 years, is likely to have a 20-year transition period.
"Delaying retirement at the same time, strict control of early retirement, further strengthening the incentive mechanism of endowment insurance to pay much. "Hu Xiaoyi said," at the same time, adjusting the industrial structure, develop more suitable for elderly people in positions that do not compete for jobs with young people in order to minimize the adverse impact on the group. ”
Source: Oriental morning post
(Original title: engineers, doctors are expected to take the lead in "delaying retirement")
延迟退休要分步走，比如先从退休年龄最低的群体开始，从人力资源替代弹性系数低的群体开始，逐步扩展到各类群体。人力资源替代弹性系数低的群体是指入行门槛高、核心竞争力强的群体，例如工程师、医生等。
综合新华社电 广泛流传的“延迟退休将从公务员或蓝领工人开始”的说法，昨日被官方正式否定。人力资源和社会保障部副部长胡晓义12日在国务院新闻办举行的新闻发布会上说，从未听说延迟退休从公务员开始或从重体力劳动者开始。
关于延迟退休相关工作推进情况，胡晓义指出，只是在个别地区进行了一些探索和尝试，比如前一阶段在上海进行了弹性领取养老金年龄的探索和尝试。
延迟退休分步走
近期有报道称，延迟退休将从公务员或蓝领工人开始。对此，胡晓义予以了否认。“我确实不知道有哪个人或者哪个机构曾经提出建议说延迟退休年龄先从公务员做起。”胡晓义说，“说要从重体力劳动者开始做起，我想也是一种猜测。”
“这个政策正在研究制定过程中，有一些猜测也是正常的，但不能把猜测当成定论。”胡晓义说，“欢迎社会各界各类研究机构对贯彻落实三中全会决定精神提出建议，但我们也不主张假定一个设想然后再去批判。”
胡晓义强调，延迟退休要分步走，比如先从退休年龄最低的群体开始，从人力资源替代弹性系数低的群体开始，逐步扩展到各类群体。
我国现行职工退休年龄男60周岁、女干部55周岁、女工人50周岁。而人力资源替代弹性系数低的群体是指入行门槛高、核心竞争力强的群体，例如工程师、医生等。
这位副部长在接受记者采访时表示，如果退休年龄仍维持较低水平，将限制中老年人力资源特别是女性人力资源充分利用。
劳动力将不再无限供给
延迟退休另一个争议点是该政策是否会加剧本来就已经很严峻的就业形势。以大学生就业为例，2013年应届高校毕业生达到699万，2014年预计将达到727万，“毕业即失业”的问题尚未完全解决，再延迟退休岂不是雪上加霜？
“关于青年就业和渐进式延迟退休年龄的问题，确实是中国经济社会发展到现阶段的一个矛盾的体现。”胡晓义坦言，“当前和今后一段时期发展的总趋势仍然是劳动力供大于求，我们仍然要把促进就业和创业放在突出的位置来加以安排。”
他说，2012年我国的劳动力资源总量首次出现了绝对下降的情况，比前年劳动力的供给减少了345万，这一重要信号预示着劳动力无限供给的时代已经要结束了。
“所以从长远考虑，我们也必须研究怎么样更加充分、有效地利用劳动力资源的问题。”胡晓义说，最近几年确实每年有600万左右的退休人员退出了劳动领域，这当然和青年的就业或者新成长劳动力就业会形成一定的替代关系，但并非简单的加减关系。
他说，比如现在正在淘汰落后产能，在这些所谓的夕阳产业当中退下来的人员不会由青年人补上，因为这个产业已经要走向衰落了，所以不是简单的一加一减的替代关系，而是在产业结构调整当中来调配劳动力，使人力资源和社会经济发展的结构相适应的过程。
他指出，延迟退休要提前若干年预告，不能今年宣布明年就实施，而要让公众特别是相关群体有必要的准备期。
上海试点弹性领养老金
中国社会科学院世界社保研究中心主任郑秉文对记者说，从世界范围来看，延长退休年龄有两种策略：一是弹性(柔性)延迟领取养老金年龄；二是渐进式延迟退休年龄。两者的主要区别为：前者是“可选项”，秉承自愿的原则；而后者则不然。
从2011年10月1日起，上海率先实施柔性延迟办理申领基本养老金手续，并发布有关试行意见，规定延迟年龄男性一般不超过65周岁，女性一般不超过60周岁。
“试点一段时间后，我们发现这一策略效果并不理想。”郑秉文说，“其一、退休人员可以拿着养老金再去打工，两份收入比继续工作不领养老金更高；其二、柔性退休激励机制不足，多干几年养老金没有大幅度增加，很难为大多数人所接受。”
胡晓义在解释“渐进式”时表示，“要迈小步，比如每年只延迟几个月，小步徐趋，用较长的一段时间完成平滑过渡。”
郑秉文认为，从全世界的实践来看，延迟退休年龄没有一步到位的，而是采取渐进式的方案，每几年延长3个月，延迟5年退休的话很可能要有20年的过渡期。
“在延迟退休的同时，严格控制提前退休，进一步强化养老保险长缴多得的激励机制。”胡晓义说，“同时，调整产业结构、开发更多适合中老年人又不与青年人争夺工作机会的岗位等，以最大限度降低对相关群体的不利影响。”
来源：东方早报
(原标题：工程师医生有望率先“延迟退休”)
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