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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/16 0:43:00 Secret of government departments operating woes： Conference room rental building slush fund
"Not only direct government-owned investment and financing platform companies, some of the main functions of the Department are set up all kinds of investment companies, although there are many, but all of them are monopolistic business, a highly profitable. "A company boss told half moon talking about journalists.
In recent years, some government departments have set up their own wholly-owned or controlled enterprises, such as the water Department Water Conservancy investment company, the transport sector transport investment company, the agricultural sector agricultural investment company, the tourism sector tourism investment company, technology sector science and technology investment company, environmental protection departments have environmental investment company, even the urban sanitation investment company. Shenyou in the local government sector, investment trend.
"The market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, and give better play to the role of Government", which was 18 the request made by the third plenary session, made clear the Government is to guide and influence the allocation of resources, rather than directly to the allocation of resources. Maintaining fair market order is the Government's important objectives.
Held on November 1, the transformation of local government function and reform of videophone meeting, Li keqiang, the Prime Minister made clear that local governments do not directly invest in enterprises, in principle in the future. At present, should speed up the transformation of government functions, make sure that all levels of Government shift from business to public service.
Government departments operating private woes worry
In the survey, ban Yue Tan reporters found that the central requirement of "austerity" background, and boards of local government units and promote ways and means to continue to do business, business, or even competing with for personal gain, and great harm.
Investing such violations there are three main forms: first, the start-up business-related enterprises, the use of executive power to control other enterprises, for facilitating specific enterprise services; the second is the technology business, technology, provide monopolistic services. Government departments when the referee and players; third, cross-industry business, sector hotel, meeting rooms, community-oriented business, the use of public resources for economic gain.
In a county of Central investment platform leader Zhao Ling (a pseudonym) told reporters, there are local government or Council's dominant cross-enterprise investment declining, but the use of respective resources management enterprises or enterprises to invest remains invisible phenomenon is still very popular, relevant departments will hand resources "to be" the first choice.
Such as environmental protection department consists of environmental science and research institutions, monopolies EIAs, road Directorate planning and design company; printing company was established within the education system information, and so on. "Want to smooth the EIA to cross the border, it will only be with the environmental protection agency designated the EIA company, no way, he has ultimate jurisdiction, would have a say. "A chemical Enterprise Manager says with frustration.
"These companies seems to be decoupling from the Government's financial, had nothing to do with actually interest is exchanged with each other. "Zhao Ling said that such links of interest there are several main ways, one is independent from the Government, enterprises, privately still had financial transactions with the Government; one is the business of government leaders, access to income, split with the Government; an established business in order to" backed by the big trees good for shade "managed to become the Government 's" under the "enterprise.
These forms are different, but share a common characteristic, is the Government's resources, companies reap the economic benefits, final cut, breaking it up into different ways to give back to the Government, achieve "interests and win-win".
"Personal conference rooms contracted to become familiar with the building of the new Government, calculated in annual rent 50,000 yuan, and various government departments meet venue fee charge per 1000 Yuan to 2000 Yuan, to foreign business. Departments met spending counted as expenditures of public funds, but collect the money is ' slush fund ', excluding financial, at the end of the month and then sent office workers do benefit. Would be equivalent to public money trying to become private money. ”
A township head of Central On Yeung (not his real name) talk about his business approach. He said that Government officials ' income gradually transparent, only trying to get investment for units and individuals to earn a little extra money. Towns compared to provincial and municipal departments of administrative examination and approval rights, rent space only through such leased hotels, rent a room in a simple way to earn some "small money".
Corporatization of Government deposit disadvantages associated interests reform shall be broken
Prior to urbanization, local governments due to the master of the land, in the development of urban construction, in order to assure that. Some local governments through the establishment of various government-backed urban construction, investment, urban management in massive debt, while profits also won record. Reporter visits found that many development zone Development Corporation, city investment company, the Group's legal representative is also the local party and Government leaders, is often a team, and a couple of brands.
Now, local governments in a number of sectors and investment management business, pose the greatest problem is that disturb the market order, destruction of fair market. In some cases, bank credit flows to shows, private business, small business loans, while the Government-run enterprises accounts for prime position.
In 2013 on the backlog clearing work performed in party and Government organs concerned across the country, there are cases that some government agencies because the subordinate enterprises of economic disputes and became "deadbeats". A judge told reporters in Hunan province, a subordinate enterprise of the animal husbandry Bureau, just because of financial disputes as being performed.
Zhao Ling believes that all government departments, enterprises, endless, apart from the administration of benefit-seeking impulse,, one of the major reasons is that enterprise marriage ills, by a group of Government-run enterprises delinked from the time of independence, did not completely end the relationship with the Government. In the market area, or light or dark it is still owned by the Government of referees and players, "two in one" status.
Safeguarding market order, transforming the Government functions
In fact, the emergence of local government-run enterprises, already have a blocking effect on the function transformation of local government, need to overcome.
Anhui University economic Professor Zheng Lanxiang school believes that excessive expansion of functions, business access for government power rent-seeking, "other income" provided the opportunity. In his view, to prohibit government-run enterprises strictly, participate directly in future market competition, the Government should withdraw the competition field, go to the market. XI Jinping, as the General Secretary pointed out that the responsibilities and role of the Government is to maintain macroeconomic stability, strengthen and improve public services, safeguard fair competition and strengthen market supervision, maintain market order, the promotion of sustainable development and promote common prosperity to compensate for market failures.
Take concrete action to cause the "local government in principle no longer directly-run enterprise" into reality, the experts recommended, first of all to the comprehensive mapping of existing enterprises run by local governments, mastering the accounts of Government-run enterprises across the country as soon as possible. Secondly, there are local government-run enterprises, through market-oriented path to secession.
To be truly decoupled from the local governments and enterprises needs for its own conscious cognitive powers and responsibilities, as well as more radical transformation of self. Government departments to clear consciousness, actively adhere to boundaries of power to prevent the Executive from an offside, to emerge from the economic role, maintaining fair competition in the market, provision of social public services required for thorough changes to the public service-oriented Government. (By staff reporter Zhang Zi fine Yu Zhiming)
“不仅政府直接有所属投融资平台企业，一些主要的职能部门也都纷纷成立各类投资公司，虽然名目繁多，但都是垄断性经营，获得高额利润。”一家企业老总这样告诉半月谈记者。
近年来，一些政府部门纷纷成立自己独资或控股的企业，如水利部门有水利投资公司，交通部门有交通投资公司，农业部门有农业投资公司，旅游部门有旅游投资公司，科技部门有科技投资公司，环保部门有环境投资公司，就连城管都有环卫投资公司。一些地方政府部门经营化、投资化倾向令人深忧。
“使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用”，这是十八届三中全会提出的要求，明确了政府是引导和影响资源配置，而不是直接配置资源。维护市场公平秩序无疑是政府的重要目标。
在11月1日召开的地方政府职能转变和机构改革工作电视电话会议上，李克强总理明确表示，今后地方政府原则上不要再直接投资办企业。当前，应加快政府职能转变，务必使各级政府从公司经营型向公共服务型转变。
政府部门经营隐秘化乱象堪忧
在调查中，半月谈记者发现，在中央要求过“紧日子”的背景下，有的地方政府和厅局单位仍采取各种手段继续经商、办企业，与民争利甚至以权谋私，危害很大。
这种违规投资办企业主要有三种形式：一是开办与主管业务相关的企业，利用行政权力对其他企业进行管制，为特定企业提供便利服务；二是技术经营，利用技术优势，提供垄断性服务。政府部门既当裁判员，又当运动员；三是跨行业经营，一些部门开办宾馆、会议室，面向社会经营，利用公共资源谋取经济利益。
中部某县投资平台负责人赵凌(化名)向记者透露，目前地方政府或厅局跨行业办企业的显性投资方式日益减少，但利用各自资源优势经营企业或者与企业保持隐形投资关系的现象仍然很普遍，成为相关部门将手中资源“变现”的最先选择。
例如环保部门下设环保科研机构，垄断企业的环评工作；公路局下设规划设计公司；教育系统内成立资料印刷公司等等。“想要顺利环评过关，就只能用环保局指定的环评公司，没办法，他有最终裁判权，就有发言权啊。”一位化工企业经理无奈地说。
“这些公司看似与政府的财务脱钩，没有任何关系，实际上彼此之间是有利益交换的。”赵凌说，这种利益的联结主要有几种途径，一种是由原来的政府独立出的企业，与政府私下仍有财务往来；一种是政府主要领导人的关系户经营，获得收益后，与政府分成；一种是已有企业为了“背靠大树好乘凉”想方设法成为政府的“下设”企业。
这些方式虽然形式不同，但有着共同的特点，就是政府投入的是资源，企业收获经济利益，最终以提成、分成等不同方式回馈给政府，达到“利益共赢”。
“将新政府大楼会议室承包给熟悉的个人，以年租金5万元计算，政府各个部门开会收每次1000元到2000元的场地费，还可以对外经营。各部门开会的花费算作公款支出，但收上来的钱就是‘小金库’，不计入财政，在月底年底再发给办公人员做福利。相当于将公家的钱想办法变成私人的钱。”
中部某乡镇负责人杨安(化名)私下谈起了自己的经营办法。他说，目前政府公务员收入逐渐透明化，只能想方设法搞投资，为单位及个人赚点外快。乡镇比不上省市级部门的行政审批权多、寻租空间大，只能通过这种租酒店、租会议室的简单办法赚点“小零花钱”。
政府公司化存弊端，改革须破利益关联
在此前的城镇化进程中，地方政府由于掌握土地，在城市建设、开发中以地生财。部分地方政府通过设立各种有政府背景的城建、城投企业，大肆举债搞城市经营，在获取暴利的同时也赢得了政绩。记者走访发现，许多开发区的开发总公司、城市投资公司、集团公司的法人代表就是由当地的党政领导兼任，往往是一套人马，几块牌子。
如今，地方政府一些部门又着力投资经营办企业，带来最大的问题就是扰乱市场秩序、破坏市场公平。在一些地方，银行的信贷资金流向就可见一斑，民营企业、小微企业贷款难，而政府自办的企业则占尽先机。
在2013年开展的全国各地涉党政机关执行积案清理工作中，就有一些案件是某些政府部门因为下属企业的经济纠纷而成了“老赖”。湖南省一位法官告诉记者，某地畜牧局就因为下属企业的经济纠纷而成为被执行对象。
赵凌认为，之所以各个政府部门办企业、搞经营的现象层出不穷，除了政府的谋利冲动外，重要原因之一在于政企不分的沉疴，一批政府所办企业脱钩独立时，与政府的关系并没有完全终止。在市场领域，政府或明或暗始终拥有裁判员和运动员的“二合一”身份。
捍卫市场秩序，切实转变政府职能
事实上，地方政府部门办企业的出现，已经对地方政府的职能转换产生阻滞作用，亟待突破。
安徽大学经济学院教授郑兰祥认为，职能的过度膨胀，为政府权力寻租、搞企业经营获得“另类收入”提供了机会。他认为，未来要严格禁止政府办企业、直接参与市场竞争，政府应该退出私人产品的竞争领域，放手给市场。正如习近平总书记指出，政府的职责和作用主要是保持宏观经济稳定，加强和优化公共服务，保障公平竞争，加强市场监管，维护市场秩序，推动可持续发展，促进共同富裕，弥补市场失灵。
要采取切实的操作让“地方政府原则上不再直接办企业”变为现实，专家建议，首先要对现有地方政府所办企业进行全面摸底，尽快掌握全国各地政府办企业的账目。其次，对于地方政府已办企业，要通过市场化路径予以脱离。
而要真正做到地方政府与企业的脱钩，需要政府对于自身权力和职责的清醒认知，以及更为彻底的自我变革。政府部门要明确意识，主动坚守权力边界，防止行政越位，要从经济人角色中摆脱出来，维护市场公平竞争，提供社会所需的各种公共服务，彻底向公共服务型政府转变。(记者 张紫赟 禹志明)
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