Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/16 0:50:51 Lunar Rover “rabbit，“ successful sail last month， this will be around the lander slowly in a circle
Yonge wide network Beijing December 15 message (reporter Bai Yu Zhang cotton cotton) according to China of sound news aspect ratio under reported, yesterday night, in Beijing Aerospace flight control center, people are in staring to at with big screen Shang "Chang third," power declined speed curve and height graphs, logo detector actual declined of red curve, and technologists preset of theory green curve, no does deviation to coincide in together.
Finally, 9:11, applause. Chang the third spacecraft landed successfully in Rainbow Bay area east of the near side of the Moon, 130th human lunar exploration tour curtain-perfect pulled away. It also indicates that China has become the third in the world to achieve objects to a soft landing outside the country. The vast space that spans 380,000 kilometers, ancient Chinese nation "Moon" dreams to become a reality.
Although 47 years ago, detectors had first landed on the Moon from the Earth, but the last time Earth civilization left footprints on the Moon, will have to go back to the 41 years ago. At that time, 17th Apollo astronaut Eugene Cernan said, "If the situation allows, we will bring peace and hope for all mankind to come back here. "
Today, the United States has canceled plans to return to the moon. While wearing a red flag of Chang e, third in 41 years later, again on behalf of humanity, wishes to return to the Moon in the peaceful use of space. Then, with the old "Moon" mythology so beautiful mood, "the moon lady", as well as its "rabbit" Lunar Rover, how in the vast and mysterious "arrived" to spend the first night?
9:11 P.M. Chang, third last night landed at 19.5 degrees west of the Moon, East of Rainbow Bay 44.1 degrees north latitude. Then Lander and visits carried out according to plan for separation of all the preparatory work, 11:45, ground personnel for two separate, where the lander and patrol the separation conditions. Environmental parameters including landed I, equipment conditions, angle of incidence of the Sun, and so on for a final check to make sure. Finally Xiang Change third, instructions were sent two players separation started, at the Beijing Aerospace command and control centre, flight control Hall when displayed on the screen to become immortal, the third landing was quiet standing above the lunar surface, the wing is very beautiful. Moon patrol, which is our Rover landed on top of the lander, accompanied the wing, out of the mast. In today's 3:10, in the command center came the patrol moves to shift institutional conditions confirm the instructions. This means visiting began to transfer bodies move slowly, at 4:06, came as the patrol moved in place of the slogan, transfer agencies normally unlocked and holds visiting is gently landing contact surface, between the lander to the Moon and put up a ramp. Subsequently, the rabbit down the ramp is under to converse, 4:35, rabbit set foot on the Moon, India left a deep mark on the surface, the lander camera surveillance camera recorded the process of the full and send photos back to the ground in a timely manner.
Under the scheme, have set foot on the Moon, the surface of the Moon Rovers, will be about 11:30 today, and Lander photographed each other, pictures taken on the moon. What are the difficulties, read this? It will in the future on the Moon "work your magic"?
Detector systems said Sun Zezhou, Chief Architect, the Jade Rabbit, is a maximum speed of 200 meters per hour, and some of them imaginary Lunar roving vehicle on the surface you want to "dash about" are completely different.
Sun Zezhou: inspections are moving faster than people's expectations are bound to slow, very slow very slow walking, reason is because it is in a non-structured movement on the surface, this road is kind of unclear, more stress obstacle crossing ability and sexual.
Because Landers such a huge figure obscured, moon had just set foot on the moon a few months communicate actually was in blind spots, it will face climbing, climbing and other difficulties, slow is understandable. Sun Zezhou said, include Mars Rover moving abroad in the process, speed is not very quickly. Meanwhile, Chang-third issue of the science mission, but also requires it to walk, and exploration. In particular this morning, the rovers are likely to be around the lander slowly a small circle.
Sun Zezhou: released this morning, we're in the direction around the lander would probably have to go in a circle, because this light I can Imaging. I did not pursue a very high speed, pursuit of speed it will be very expensive. Take a walk, it has to stop or to detect, for example, stopped here, mechanical arm dropped closer to the lunar surface and then make probes.
Since then, the Rover will reverse direction, towards a lander-oriented position, and is carried by each use their own cameras and landing, for each photo, photos will soon be back to the ground. Concern is that left side of the front of the Rover position, printed with a bright-colored "red flag", said Sun Zezhou, Chang-third mission a sign of success, one of the upload is to get the Moon "two players shoot each other" picture:
Sun Zezhou: off, inspect the flag right in front of it, in the direction cross is referring to, visited after turn and see a glimpse of the lander, Lander and then look at the visit.
Sun Zezhou special emphasis, Rovers and landers shoot each other, and flags captured two devices to each other, the concept is different, it was two players shoot each other, instead of two flags took to each other. Because the Lander's flag is in the Lunar Equator-facing direction, direction to South. North of the Lunar Lander. If flag on the car shooting the moon landing, you need to move to the South of the lander, say, can get a flag, depends on the relative position of the two:
Sun Zezhou: want to see the national flag is also very simple, know visiting posture, know lander gesture, of course know, ready to go to where you can see the lander, naturally became clear, it was looking into the eyes, I can't do that, we'll adjust the angle and then take a look at, guaranteed to clear on the line.
Successfully landing in the lunar surface, Rover and Lander successfully separation, Rovers and landers photo shoot each other and back to the ground, completing three, means goddess third mission was successful. Chang, third on the Moon what will be done in the future to explore? Chang after the third, and China's lunar exploration program and what to deploy?
Chang, third in the follow-up work will be used on the lander and Rover carry a variety of payloads, conduct various space experiments. Chang, third, respectively in the subsequent work on the lander and Rover carrying multiple payloads to carry out a variety of space experiments, the lander on the Moon Rainbow Bay point detection, Rover landing site visits within a few km in distance detection. Leading group Senior Advisor Ouyang ziyuan, the Lunar far: view, watch, measuring months these six words, General Chang, third research tasks. View, mainly by landing on the moon base telescope, astronomical observations. Ouyang Ziyuan said that since the moon has no atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetospheric disturbances, near-vacuum, there are various human activities and pollution, there is no global magnetic field, so set up the telescope on the moon will "see" much clearer:
Ouyang Ziyuan: first, there was a telescope observing the sky, studying galaxies of stars some of the activities. Astronomers want to one thing in the world, on the Moon, astronomical, we first did this in China, which will have many new discoveries.
See, you are using extreme ultraviolet cameras on the lander, the plasma around the Earth layers for extreme ultraviolet Imaging detection. This is first time in Lunar research activities. Lunar spokesman Pei Zhaoyu said, Earth observation took advantage of relatively fixed positions between the Earth and moon.
Pei Zhaoyu: the Moon and the face of the Earth, drilled into the one place you can see the Earth, so over a long period of temporary exploration of Earth's plasma.
The Moon, mainly Rover on the patrol route on the structure of the subsurface of the Moon probing. China's soft landing on the Moon, Chang-third Rainbow Bay area and regional human probes had not been touched. Pei Zhaoyu:
Pei Zhaoyu: use it to about 100 metres below the surface of the Earth formation structure probe, the third and the fourth is for material on the Moon, called the x-ray spectrometers to measure elements of the Moon's surface. An infrared imaging spectrometer is used to measure the Moon's surface material composition, are compounds. The measuring element is before, that were measuring chemicals in the back.
Said Ouyang Ziyuan, Moon finished third, "view, watch, measuring months" after the science mission. Plans to launch in China by 2020 Chang fifth probe to realize China's lunar exploration program step "back to Earth" task:
Ouyang Ziyuan: wait after done this, we Chang fifth will detect is a soft landing, drilling, sampling intact to bring the samples back to Earth test.
Probe landed on the Moon, Chang-third instant recall:
"7,500 n variable thrust engines power the GNC-by-slow mode, power down starting"
At 21 o'clock last night, Chang e, third schedule into 15 kilometres power going down in recent months, entering the exciting 720 seconds. Because it is not reversible, the professionals call "open bow without arrows."
"The reported landing of the great wall the camera power on. "
21 approved minutes, Chang e, third eight payloads carried by landing the first load-in-camera power on. Located in the probe landed at the bottom of the camera is mainly in the descent to the lunar surface during photo shoot was a overlooking the view, month table months look to the landing zone feature for imaging characteristics, topography.
"Great report, GNC close to drop mode. "
At 21 minutes, open optical imaging sensors, means that the information will be more accurate speed, distance. At this stage, optical imaging sensors in this highly recognized about 1 m of the Moon's surface pits and stone, if you find there is not conducive to the landing of the barrier and can pan through the side of the engine ignition, the detector over the shallow areas.
"Great report, GNC hover mode. "
21:10, detector height down to 100 metres or so, main engine thrust was adjusted to 2,500 cattle around the engine pan, begin a fine avoidance to landing zone, select safe landing sites.
"Great reporting, 7,500 cattle engine shutdown, GNC no control mode. "
"7,500 cattle engine shutdown, GNC no control mode. "
21:11, the lander down to about 2.88 meters from the lunar surface height, began to slow down and eventually smooth moon.
"Report of the great wall, the probe landed safely. Note that I was in Beijing, according to Beijing's real-time telemetry determination to become immortal, the third spacecraft had landed safely, and follow-up implementation of the lunar surface to initialize on a normal schedule. "
(Original title: "rabbit," Rovers successful sail last month this will be around the lander slowly in a circle)
央广网北京12月15日消息（记者白宇 张棉棉）据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道，昨天晚上，在北京航天飞行控制中心，人们都在目不转睛地盯着大屏幕上 "嫦娥三号"动力下降速度曲线和高度曲线图，标志探测器实际下降的红色曲线，与科技人员预设的理论绿色曲线，没有丝毫偏差地重合在一起。
终于，晚上9点11分，掌声响起。随着嫦娥三号探测器在月球正面的虹湾以东地区成功着陆，人类的第130次探月之旅的大幕完美拉开。这也标志着我国已经成为世界上第三个实现地外天体软着陆的国家。跨越38万公里的茫茫太空，中华民族古老的“奔月”梦想成为现实。
虽然早在47年前，来自地球的探测器就已经第一次着陆月球，但是上一次地球文明在月亮上留下足迹，还得追溯到41年前。当年，阿波罗17号宇航员尤金·塞尔南说"如果情况允许的话，我们还会带着全人类的和平与希望回到这里。"
如今，美国已经取消了重返月球的计划。而身披五星红旗的嫦娥三号则在41年后，再次代表人类，带着和平利用太空的愿望重返月球。那么，带着古老"奔月"神话这样的美丽意境，"嫦娥"以及它携带的"玉兔"月球车，是如何在广袤而又神秘的"广寒宫"度过第一夜的呢？
昨晚9点11分嫦娥三号成功着陆在了月球西经19.5度，北纬44.1度的虹湾以东区域。随即按计划开展着陆器与巡视器分离的各项准备工作，11点45分，地面科技人员对两器分离，也就是着陆器和巡器分离的实施条件。包括着陆点的环境参数我、设备状况、太阳入射角度等等进行了最终的检查确认。最后向嫦娥三号发送指令两器分离开始，在北京航天飞行控制之中心，飞控大厅的屏幕上当时显示，嫦娥三号着陆器是静静的立在月面之上，太阳翼呈展开状态非常漂亮。玉兔号巡视器，也就是我们的月球车落在着陆器顶部，同时展开太阳翼，伸出桅杆。在今天的3点10分，在指挥中心就传来了巡视器移动至转移机构条件确认的指令。这个就意味着巡视器开始向转移机构缓慢的移动，在4点06分，随着巡视器移动到位的口号传来，转移机构正常解锁，托举着巡视器是轻轻展开降落，接触月面，并在着陆器于月面之间搭起了一家斜梯。随后，玉兔号沿着斜梯是款款而下，在4点35分，玉兔号踏上了月球，在月面上印出了一道深深的痕迹，着陆器相机监视相机也完整的记录下了这一过程，并及时的将照片传回了地面。
按照计划，已经踏上月球表面的玉兔号月球车，将在今天晚上11:30左右，和着陆器互相拍照，在月球上合影留念。那这其中有哪些难点、看点？未来它又将在月球如何"大展身手"？
探测器系统总设计师孙泽洲表示，玉兔号的最大速度是每小时200米，和有些人想象中月球车要在月面上"纵横驰骋"完全不同。
孙泽洲：巡视器的移动速度比大家的期望值肯定是要慢，得非常慢非常慢的行走，原因就是因为它是在一个非结构化的表面上运动，这个路面是什么样的不清楚的，更强调的是越障能力和通过性。
因为着陆器巨大身影的遮挡，玉兔刚刚踏上月球的那几步其实是处在地月通信的盲点，它要独自面对爬坡、越障等种种困难，速度慢也可以理解。孙泽洲透露，包括国外的火星探测器在行走过程中，速度都不会很快。同时，嫦娥三号的科学任务，也要求它边走边看，边走变探。特别是今天上午，月球车很可能只会绕着着陆器慢慢走一小圈。
孙泽洲：上午释放了那我们就从这个方向绕着着陆器大概要走一圈，因为这个方向有光照我能够成像。我并不追求很高的一个速度，追求速度的代价会很大的。走一走，它还要停下来还要探测，比如停到这来，机械臂投放、接近到月面然后再进行探测。
此后，月球车将会调转方向，走向一个面向着陆器的位置，并和着陆器一起分别利用各自携带的相机，为对方拍照留念，照片会很快传回地面。值得关注的是，在月球车的正面左侧位置，印有一面鲜艳的"五星红旗"，孙泽洲说，嫦娥三号任务成功的标志之一，就是拿到月球上传下来的"两器互拍"图片：
孙泽洲：下来之后，巡视器的国旗就在它的车头方向上，互拍就指的是，下去之后巡视器转过身来看一眼着陆器，着陆器也再看一眼巡视器。
孙泽洲特别强调，月球车和着陆器的互拍，和两台设备互相拍摄到国旗，概念是不同的，它是两器互拍，而不是两旗互拍。因为着陆器的国旗位于面向月球赤道的方向，方向向南。月球车则在着陆器的北侧。如果月球车要拍摄着陆器上的国旗，需要移动到着陆器的南侧，话句话说，究竟能否拍到国旗，还要看当时二者的相对位置：
孙泽洲：想看国旗也很简单，知道巡视器的姿态，知道着陆器的姿态，走的航向也知道，那准备转到哪儿能看到着陆器，自然而然就清楚了，这眼没看清楚，那不行咱们再调个角度再看一眼，保证能看清楚就行了。
在月面顺利软着陆、月球车和着陆器顺利分离、月球车和着陆器互相拍摄照片并传回地面，完成了这三项工作，就意味着嫦娥三号任务已经成功。那么未来嫦娥三号在月球还将开展哪些探索？嫦娥三号之后，中国探月计划又有哪些部署呢？
嫦娥三号在后续工作中，将分别利用着陆器和月球车上携带的多种有效载荷，开展不同空间实验。嫦娥三号在后续工作中将分别利用着陆器和月球车上携带的多种有效载荷开展不同的空间实验，着陆器将在月球虹湾开展定点探测，月球车则将在距离着陆点几公里范围内巡视探测。探月工程领导小组高级顾问欧阳自远曾用：观天、看地、测月，这六个字，概括嫦娥三号的科研任务。观天，主要是利用着陆器上的月基天文望远镜，进行天文观测。欧阳自远表示，由于月球没有大气层、电离层和磁层的干扰，近于真空状态，没有各种人为活动和污染，也没有全球性的磁场，因此在月球上架设的这台望远镜将"看"得更远更清晰：
欧阳自远：第一，有一台望远镜观测天空，来去研究星系恒星的一些活动。世界上天文学家最想的一件事情，在月亮上看天文，我们中国第一部做到了这个，这一定会有很多新的发现的。
看地，则是利用在着陆器上的极紫外相机，对地球周围的等离子体层进行极紫外成像探测。这也是人类首次在月面进行的科研活动。探月工程新闻发言人裴照宇说，对地观测利用了地月之间相对固定位置。
裴照宇：月球和地球总是面对面的，钻到那个地方可以总看到地球，所以对地球等离子体也可以进行长期的临时探测。
探月，主要是月球车在巡视路线上对月球次表层结构探测。我国嫦娥三号软着陆的月球虹湾地区，也是此前人类探测器未曾触及的区域。裴照宇：
裴照宇：用它对地球表面以下100米左右地层结构进行探测，第三个和第四个都是针对月球上的物质，一个叫X射线谱仪，用来测量月表的元素。一个叫红外成像光谱仪用来测量月表的物质成分，就是化合物。前面那个是测元素，后面那个是测的化学物。
欧阳自远说，在嫦娥三号完成了"观天、看地、测月"的科学任务后。计划于2020年前发射的我国嫦娥五号探测器，将实现我国探月工程第三步"返回地球"的任务：
欧阳自远：等做完了这个以后，我们嫦娥五号将要探测的就是软着陆上去，打钻、取样原封不动的要把这些样品带回地球测试。
嫦娥三号探测器在月球着陆瞬间回顾：
"7500牛变推力发动机开机，GNC转逐减速模式、动力下降开始"
昨天晚上21点，嫦娥三号按照预定计划进入近月点15公里处开始动力下降，进入扣人心弦的720秒。因为不可逆，这个过程被专家称为"开弓没有回头箭"。
"长城报告降落相机开机。"
21点零五分，嫦娥三号携带的八大有效载荷中的第一个载荷--降落相机开机。位于探测器底部的降落相机主要是在下降过程中对月面拍照，是一种俯瞰的视角，对降落区域的月表月貌特征、地形地貌特征进行成像。
"长城报告，GNC转接近下降模式。"
21点零7分，光学成像敏感器打开，意味着速度、距离的信息将越来越精确。这一阶段，光学成像敏感器能在这个高度识别月球表面1米左右的坑和石块，如果发现有不利于着陆的障碍物，可以通过一侧的发动机点火、将探测器平移到平坦区域上空。
"长城报告，GNC转悬停模式。"
21点10分，探测器高度降至100米左右，主发动机推力调整为2500牛，腰部发动机进行平移，开始对着陆区进行精避障，选择安全着陆点。
"长城报告，7500牛发动机关机，GNC转无控模式。"
"7500牛发动机关机，GNC转无控模式。"
21点11分，着陆器降至距月面高度约2.88米后，开始缓速下降，最终平稳落月。
"长城报告，探测器安全着陆。各号注意，我是北京，根据北京实时遥测检测判断，嫦娥三号探测器已安全着陆，后续按正常计划实施月面初始化。"
（原标题：“玉兔号”月球车成功驶上月面 今将绕着陆器慢行一圈）
赞