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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/17 8:34:58 China-made mobile phones after savage extended： users in line maintenance，
China-made mobile phones after savage extended: users in line repair-mobile phone-it news China-made mobile phones after savage extended: users in line maintenance
A set of data highlighted the embarrassment of domestic mobile phone between quantity and quality. According to the miit China Academy of telecommunication research, 2013-October, 384 million domestic mobile phone shipments, rose 29.2%, 80% per cent of total mobile phone shipments. But shipments surged at the same time, it is consumer worries about failure rates and quality issues, quality control of mobile phone, exactly what problem? Reporter in on phone engineer, and line brand manufacturers, and operators channel, multiple links of investigation interview in the found, homemade manufacturers phone side in crazy competition processor, and camera, and screen pixel configuration, side in electric commercial, and operators channel expand fight fierce of price war, to meager profit for to million, and qianwanji other shipments volume, in this field to cost for oriented of market Chase in the, key of production-detection-design, multiple links, is artificial reduced or ignored quality detection standard, Led to a massive problem that goes to market.
Part1: your cell phone right?
Site hit: Huawei, maintenance of millet is very lively
On December 11, the reporters came to Shanghai railway station near the Tower second floor, gathered here, Huawei, Lenovo, millet, nearly ten brands such as Samsung, HTC service point. Although it is close to closing time, but several domestic manufacturers before the point of service and repaired mobile phone users before the tunnel, at the window in front of long lines, and close to the HTC, Samsung and other after-sales service point is desolate.
"Spend more than 2000 buy cell phones, only took one day, Chinese fonts to display only half, and often while playing a game a black screen! "In front of the maintenance of Huawei, Chen is very excited to complain about what had happened. He told reporters, a former smallpox more than half a month's salary to buy a Huawei P6, results use frequently automatically black screen, Chinese mobile phone show strict inequality issues, ask the dealer to change when a new machine is denied: "for a long time after they agreed to sell inspection report going to Exchange. But my associates with Huawei P6 was no problem at all, it seems to depend on luck to get good quality. ”
Wang also complained to reporters about their phone quality problems encountered, this is her second service points. In August, bought a Huawei T8950, Ms Wang used only two months began malfunctioning of the handset, battery life dramatically shortened: "after the first repair was normal to use, now screen yellowing phenomenon began to emerge. ”
Near millet authorized service station is hilarious, the lobby was crowded with anxious waiting for detecting faults in user, most people generally reflect their millet Leukoplakia, the IMEI code is invalid, the mobile phone screen not charging such failures. And the third red rice mobile Hu, had a heated argument with maintenance personnel: "twice before repairing single-screen failure, which says keyboard failure, you wanted a rip-off! "Mr Hu to the IT times reporters that he purchased in October, red rice phone, in use for some time after the screen appears white spot, first two fit screen problems detected, and replace the outer screen, but after a week of using the same problem. In accordance with the relevant provisions, the same fault repair three or more, can be replaced with new machines for free, but depending on the maintenance staff does result documents, Mr Hu can only wait for the phone to factory again.
Can get me by phone standards issues can permission listed
Why phones encounter so many quality problems? Most of the domestic mobile phone manufacturers, to the control of the respective product standards and how?
"Can be used on the line. "This is a former ZTE mobile product senior engineer Tang Zhi (a pseudonym), summarized the major manufacturers testing standards, he gave reporters cited a classic example:" a phone when assembled, will have a very detailed technical standards. Camera position deviation within 0.2 mm are normally shipped exceeds this standard will be returned to the factory for rework. And, as requested by the manufacturers, such as Apple, Samsung, such a problem machine depot repair only once, can't make this work counted as waste treatment. But ZTE, Huawei's factory here, four or five times the norm, it couldn't fix removed components on the motherboard, to another machine assembled for the second time. Technical details and sometimes even dissatisfaction, as long as the normal use, QC (quality control) there turn a blind eye put out. ”
In fact, the current level of production line factories, brands, technological capacity, fully up to international standards, and even beyond. "Factory equipment in line with international standards, passed the ISO9000, ISO13000 certification at home, if the manufacturers want strict quality control, and can do so like Apple, Nokia's level. Quality control done for better or worse, completely is the market positioning of the product by the manufacturer's own problems. "Tang Zhi told reporters, generally between domestic mobile phone manufacturers and factories, quality OEM agreement will, control the overall design of the stability programme of these companies, brands the last audit, and quality verification, but this seemingly strict quality control system, has not been the major manufacturers to comply strictly," in order to quickly dominate the market, people tend to lower their quality requirements. ”
Part of the defective machine, in factories and foundries of tacit, bulk flow of the markets. One person within the domestic mobile phone brand to reporters, in their internal "lead Dean" argument. "Obviously detected that some machines have a problem, as long as an adequate level of leading a signature, these machines will play channel, eventually goes to market. When more than one month, or even more than 30 groups of special machines. Right now, we can't buy their own machines, fearing such special machines. ”
Manufacturers intentionally or unintentionally neglecting reliability standards "futile"
During an interview with Xinhua was informed that, in the mobile phone industry with a series of national standards, individual enterprises will also organize laboratory for structural pressures, reliability and other tests. "Reliability test" is a key to test the quality standards, which is to drop, temperature shock, abrasion resistance test and a series of tests, determine that the mobile phone products meet requirements.
But the crucial criterion, it is not compulsory certification. Ministry Thai, laboratory director He Guili told reporter, laboratory for phone products has a very full of detection standard, content including camera, and screen pixel finds, and reliability test,, but except interconnect interworking, mandatory standard outside, other standard are just a reference: "in phone listed Qian, Thai, laboratory will on phone of electromagnetic radiation, and information security, series specifications made finds, but reliability test not forced standard, enterprise can active registration detection, but participation of enterprise does not more. ”
One Shenzhen of brand phone manufacturers head Wang (alias) to reporter said, industry of reliability test standard is in edge State: "like used OSD glass screen of manufacturers has many, country of industry standard is 1.5 meters height fall cannot broken, but actually industry within at most do 80 cm not broken has is great has, everyone technology are do not to if, standard also how implementation? ”
He Guili emphasized that "If on domestic mobile phone voice quality is very high, will be to come up with the relevant mandatory standards. ”
Part2: quality and quantity balance imbalance
Fast track approach to bring quality concerns
Along with the qianwanji of shipments, short life cycle, price, delivery speed, became a common rule in the domestic phone industry.
In the production of a mobile phone, huaqin, Longcheer upstream integration solutions company, responsible for the core programme of platform, processor, motherboard, major work leaving only designs and brand name manufacturers and software optimization, downstream of the Assembly referred to the IAC, Flextronics, and other labour-intensive factories. "Now these brands, only focusing on the high-end models are designed to organize their own research and development team and production lines. Another thousand Yuan price smart models, was bought almost all programme Board, own slightly changed under appearance, a shell, just leave it to maquiladora production, mass marketed. "Tang Zhi told reporters.
But under normal circumstances, a maturing mobile phone market, should go through the design, development, testing, production, use, market feedback, promotion and other stages in the small, the process often takes months to 1 year. But a source close to the brand OEM manufacturers of senior industry insiders told reporters, domestic manufacturers usually phone development cycle compression in the 2-3 months after completing the first two steps, listed in a hurry in order to dominate the market. "Now huaqin, Longcheer, companies have a MTK-based mediatek ready-made programmes or high-throughput platforms, the domestic manufacturers need to buy integration programme came back, started production under a slightly modified design. Even molds are too lazy to change individual second-tier manufacturers, another brand name to go live. ”
This assertion was confirmed at the Tang Zhi. "Domestic first-tier manufacturers the majority of thousands of intelligent machine, inside the main PCB Board (Board) are bought from the programme makers, left manufacturers with not a lot of space to play. New configuration appears on the market, programme within a week, the company can produce the product, brand manufacturers 1-2 million shipments within months. ”
But the most important question is, a large number of shipments of thousand-dollar price for this machine, programme makers to master core technologies are usually made by the upper, "platform, processor upgrades now very fast, solution provider, only a week can make a new plan. Which leads to the bottom of the motherboard circuitry, process design there is uncertainty, but brands able to improve the crux of the PCB Board. In mega, large bulk shipments after qianwanji, the consumer end there are large quantities of quality problems. "Tang Zhi said.
Factories, brands owned
Behind the expansion of short, flat, rough, manufacturers also have unspeakable worry.
"Domestic manufacturers a large shipment of mobile phones in General, life cycle is only two months, that is, during these two months, factory output of millions of machines, brand vendors, all selling channels. If sales went down within two months, you can only hit factory into his own hands, inventory unsalable as the machine slowly, sometimes for a year may not be sold. "Some brands bitter water in the factory to journalists, because of processor, screen update speed is too fast now, vendors are configured on ready to go, or be eliminated.
Accompanied by frantic runs, there is fierce price battle. Over phone manufacturers on reporter said, now shipments volume maximum of thousand Yuan smart machine of profit, only with "profit" to described: "If with 2-3 months time research a paragraph products,, you phone out has, people with configuration of phone are has sold finished, we only do low price, and fast sales, General only 2%~3% of profit space, a Taiwan phone also on earned a several block money, by go volume to profit. ”
Along with the compression to maximize the cost in quality due to various websites, but has become the threshold. In order to compress as much as possible the cost of production, manufacturers can only be used in some second-tier manufacturers of components, as well as compression factory assembled: "If a machine standard Assembly fee is 10 US dollars, such as ZTE and Huawei companies with shipments of its own advantages, will this expense comes to 8~9/trillion yuan. "Tang Zhi told reporters, this is the direct consequence of, product quality become both unspoken topic. "Foundries want to retrain employees in the product cycle, so that millions or even thousands of production, two months immediately after taking a single product firms, to be sold as soon as possible research and development of this part of your product ready for the next paragraph. ”
A Chinese mobile phone software company in Beijing, told reporters, declared 1080P by most brands on the market now, the IPS screen is gimmicky, second-rate components simply are not up to this standard. "Our laboratory has previously worked as a variety of mainstream product testing, many claimed the screen resolution can be reached 1920x1080, but in fact each pixel aperture ratio is very high, the naked eye see grainy relatively strong. With this sort of material products, consumers experience right where to go. ”
A double-edged effect operator customization
Large carrier market, quickly became the main positions of each manufacturer shipments. According to third-party monitoring agency statistics, 2013, during the first three quarters, only three operators Terminal shipments, the company reaches more than 80 million.
But it was also hit hard by frequent cell phone quality problem. Shenzhen a brand phone manufacturers heads Wang on reporter said, due to calls subsidies relative high, Maori can do 8%~9% around, the big manufacturers to squeeze into operators channel mutual hit have nag: "in concentrated procurement Shi of open tender process in the, the big phone manufacturers with operators no what bargain of qualification, on only peer Zhijian mutual hit price war, even has manufacturers will loss spell Xia a big single,, upstream of components price zhihou again bulk shipments. Under such market pressures, manufacturers ended quantitative preferred quality. ”
Mobile phone manufacturers lack bargaining power needed to control costs, but operators while market pressures to hold down prices, which led to huge market as a whole can only be cost-oriented. An operator Terminal Company source told reporters, the purchase price must be pressed down in order to attract more users in the net: "the price advantage, then who is going to buy your contract? Which means that carriers should make full use of their user and channel strengths required manufacturers to lower end product profits through massive sales this back and forth. ”
"In the context of the cost-oriented market, cell phone quality issues don't get addressed, the end product turned into a political hot potato, everyone was ' on the line ' standards on the market. Unless everyone can stop chasing the number to focus on doing more than 1800 price range of machines, to use a larger profit margins, buffering period to improve quality. "Vendor groups.
国产手机野蛮扩张后：用户在排队维修 - 国产手机 - IT资讯国产手机野蛮扩张后：用户在排队维修
一组数据凸显出国产手机在量与质之间的尴尬。工信部电信研究院的数据显示，2013年1-10月，国产手机出货量3.84亿部，同比增长29.2%，占到手机出货总量的80%。但出货量猛增的同时，却是消费者对返修率和质量问题的担忧，国产手机的品质控制，到底出了什么问题？记者在对手机高级工程师、一线品牌厂家、运营商渠道等多个环节的调查采访中发现，国产厂商手机一边在疯狂比拼处理器、摄像头、屏幕像素配置，一边在电商、运营商渠道展开厮杀激烈的价格战，以微薄利润换来百万、千万级别的出货量，在这场以成本为导向的市场追逐中，关键的生产—检测—设计等多个环节，却人为降低或忽视品质检测标准，导致大量问题机器流向市场。
Part1：你的手机还好吗？
现场直击：华为、小米维修点很热闹
12月11日下午，记者来到了上海火车站附近的长安大厦二楼，这里集聚了华为、联想、小米、三星、HTC等近十家品牌厂商的售后服务点。虽然已经接近下班时间，但几家国产厂商服务点前，送修手机的用户依旧络绎不绝，在窗口前排起了长队，而紧邻的HTC、三星等售后维修点却是冷冷清清。
“花2000多买的手机，只用了一天，中文字体就只显示半边，而且玩游戏时经常黑屏！”在华为维修点前，小陈非常激动地抱怨着自己的遭遇。他对记者表示，前天花半个多月工资买了部华为P6，结果使用过程中频繁发现手机自动黑屏、中文显示不全等问题，在要求经销商更换新机时却被拒绝：“吵了半天才同意拿售后检测报告去换货。但我同事用的也是华为P6就一点问题都没有，看来真的靠运气才能买到质量好的。”
一旁的王女士也向记者抱怨自己手机遇到的质量问题，这已经是她第二次来维修点了。在8月份购入一部华为T8950后，王女士使用了仅两个月就开始出现听筒失灵的情况，电池使用时间也急剧缩短：“第一次返修后倒是能够正常使用，现在屏幕又开始出现发黄现象。”
紧邻的小米授权服务站更是热闹，大厅中挤满了等待检测故障的焦急用户，大多数人普遍反映自己的小米手机出现了屏幕白斑、IMEI码无效、无法充电等故障。而第三次来维修红米手机的胡先生，与维修人员发生了激烈的争执：“前两次维修单开的是屏幕故障，这次写的是键盘失灵，你们故意想坑人吧！”胡先生对《IT时报》记者表示，他10月份购买的红米手机，在使用一段时间后屏幕出现了白斑，前两次检测出是屏幕贴合问题，于是换掉外层屏幕，但使用一周后又出现了相同问题。按照相关规定，同一故障维修三次以上，可以免费更换新机，但根据维修人员开出不同结果的单据，胡先生只能等待手机再次返厂。
能用就行的检测标准问题手机也能特批上市
为什么国产手机遭遇如此多的质量问题？大多数国产手机厂商，对各自产品的把关标准又是怎么样的呢？
“能用就行。”这是前中兴手机产品高级工程师唐智（化名）总结的各大厂家的检测标准，他给记者举了个典型的例子：“一款手机在组装时，会有非常详细的技术标准。比如说摄像头位置偏差在0.2毫米之内是可以正常出货，超过这个标准就要退回工厂重做。而且按照苹果、三星等厂家的要求，这样的问题机器只能返厂维修一次，修不好就算作报废品处理。但到了中兴、华为厂家这里，修个四五次都是常事，实在修不好就把主板上的元器件拆下来，用到别的机器上二次组装。而且有时候即使技术细节不达标，只要可以正常使用，品控（品质控制）那边睁一只眼闭一只眼放出去了。”
事实上，就目前代工厂、品牌厂商的生产线水平、技术能力而言，完全达到国际水平，甚至还要有所超越。“工厂的设备都是符合国际化标准的，在国内也通过了ISO9000、ISO13000认证，如果厂商想要严格控制质量的话，完全可以做到像苹果、诺基亚一样的水平。品质控制做得好坏，完全是厂商对产品市场定位的自身问题。”唐智对记者表示，一般国产手机厂商和代工厂之间，都会签有OEM质量协议，其中方案公司控制整体设计的稳定性，品牌厂商最后做审核和质量验证，但这套看似严格的品控体系之中，却并没有被各大厂家严格遵守，“为了快速占领市场，大家往往自己放低品质要求。”
一部分存在瑕疵的机器，在厂家和代工厂的心照不宣中，大批量地流向了市场。一位国产一线手机品牌的内部人士对记者透露，在他们公司内部有个“领导特批机”的说法。“明明检测出来这部分机器有问题，只要有足够级别的领导签个字，这些机器就会放给渠道，最终流向市场。最多的时候一个月甚至有30多批特批机。现在我们内部都不敢买自己的机器，生怕遇到这种特批机。”
厂商有意无意忽视可靠性标准“有等于无”
记者采访中了解到，在手机生产行业有一系列的国家标准，各个企业也会组织实验室进行结构压力、可靠性等多项测试。其中“可靠性测试”是能够检验质量的一项关键标准，即通过高度跌落、温度冲击、耐磨测试等一系列试验，判断出手机产品是否达到指标要求。
但这项关键的标准，却并非强制认证。工信部泰尔实验室主任何桂立告诉记者，实验室针对手机产品有一套非常全面的检测标准，内容包括摄像头、屏幕像素认定、可靠性试验等，但除了互联互通等强制性标准外，其他标准都只是一个参考：“在手机上市前，泰尔实验室会对手机的电磁辐射、信息安全等一系列规格做出认定，但可靠性测试不是强制标准，企业可以主动报名检测，但参与的企业并不多。”
一位深圳的品牌手机厂家负责人王琦（化名）对记者表示，行业的可靠性测试标准也是处于边缘状态：“像采用OSD玻璃屏幕的厂家有很多，国家的行业标准是1.5米高度跌落不能碎，但事实上行业内顶多做到80厘米不碎已经很了不起了，大家技术都做不到的话，标准还怎么实施？”
何桂立强调，“如果关于国产手机质量问题呼声很高的话，也会考虑推出相关的硬性检测标准。”
Part2：质与量平衡中的失衡
短平快带来的质量隐忧
伴随着千万级别的出货量，生命周期短、价格空间平、出货速度快，成了国内手机行业的一个通用规则。
在一部手机的生产环节中，华勤、龙旗等上游集成方案公司负责核心的平台、处理器等主板方案，而品牌厂商的主要工作只剩下外观设计与软件优化，具体组装交由下游的英华达、伟创力等劳动密集型工厂。“现在这些品牌厂商，只有重点高端机型会专门组织自己的研发团队和生产条线。其他千元价位的智能机型，几乎全部是买来方案主板后，自己稍微改下外观、造个壳子，就交给组装工厂生产，大批量推向市场。”唐智对记者表示。
但在通常情况下，一款成熟手机推向市场，应经过设计、研发、试验、生产、使用、市场反馈、小范围推广等几个阶段，这一过程往往要经过数月到1年的时间。但一位接近品牌OEM厂家的资深业内人士对记者表示，国产厂商通常将手机研发周期压缩在2~3个月内，在完成前两个步骤后，为了占领市场就匆匆上市。“现在华勤、龙旗等公司都有基于MTK联发科或者高通平台的现成方案，这些国内厂家只需要买个集成方案回来，稍微改下外观设计就开始量产。个别二线厂商甚至连模具都懒得改，换个品牌名称就上线了。”
这一说法在唐智处得到了证实。“国内一线厂商大部分的千元智能机，里面最主要的PCB板（主板）都是从方案厂商处买过来的，留给厂家们的可发挥空间并不多。市场上有新配置出现，方案公司一周之内就能拿出产品，品牌厂家1~2个月内就能达到百万出货量。”
但最重要的问题就是，大量出货的这部分千元价位机器，核心技术往往是由上游方案厂商掌握，“现在平台、处理器更新换代速度非常快，方案商们仅一周就能做出新方案。这就导致最底层的主板电路、工艺设计存在不稳定因素，但品牌厂商没办法对最核心的PCB板进行改进。在做到百万级、千万级的大批量出货之后，消费者端就出现了大批量的质量问题。”唐智说道。
代工厂、品牌商的心照不宣
短、平、快式野蛮扩张的背后，厂家们也有难言之忧。
“一般国产厂家大量出货的手机，生命周期只有短短两个月，也就是在这两个月内，代工厂既要产出几百万台的机器，品牌厂商、渠道还得全部卖掉。如果两个月内卖不掉，就只能砸在厂家自己手里，当作库存滞销机器慢慢处理，有时候一年都未必能卖光。”某一线品牌厂家人士对记者倒起了苦水，由于现在处理器、屏幕的更新换代速度太快，厂商们要随时跟上配置走，否则就被市场淘汰。
伴随着疯狂跑量的，还有惨烈的价格厮杀。多家手机厂商对记者表示，现在出货量最大的千元智能机的利润，只能用“微利”来形容：“如果用2~3个月时间研发一款产品，等你手机出来了，人家同配置的手机都已经卖完了，我们只能做到低廉价格、快速销售，一般只有2%~3%的利润空间，一台手机也就赚个几块钱，靠走量来盈利。”
伴随着成本压缩到极致，质量却成了各大厂商都迈不过的槛。为了尽可能的压缩生产成本，厂商们只能采用一些二线厂家的元器件，同时还压缩代工厂的组装费：“如果一台机器的标准组装费是10元，中兴、华为这样的大厂会用自己的出货量优势，将这笔费用谈到8~9/元。”唐智对记者表示，这样做法的直接后果就是，产品质量成为双方都心照不宣的话题。“代工厂要在产品周期内对员工进行重新培训，做到百万甚至千万产量，两个月之后立马接下一单产品；对厂商来说，则要尽快卖掉这部分产品迅速投入下一款的研发。”
北京一家国产手机软件方案公司负责人对记者表示，现在市面上大多数品牌所宣称的1080P、IPS屏幕都是噱头，二流的元器件根本达不到这一水准。“我们实验室此前曾经做过多款主流产品的测试，很多屏幕都宣称分辨率可以达到1920×1080，但实际上每个像素点的开口率都非常高，肉眼看到的颗粒感比较强。采用这类物料的产品，消费者体验好不到哪里去。”
运营商定制带来的双刃效应
庞大的运营商市场，迅速成为各家厂家出货的主要阵地。据第三方监测机构统计，2013年前三季度，仅三家运营商终端公司的出货量就达到8000多万。
但这也是手机质量问题频发的重灾区。深圳某品牌手机厂家负责人王琦对记者表示，由于话费补贴相对较高，毛利能做到8%~9%左右，各大厂家为了挤进运营商渠道互相打得头破血流：“在集中采购时的公开招标过程中，各大手机厂家跟运营商没有什么讲价的资格，就只有同行之间互相打价格战，甚至有厂家会亏本拼下一个大单，等上游的元器件降价之后再批量出货。这种市场压力下，最后厂家只能注重数量而轻视质量。”
手机厂商缺乏议价能力需要控制成本，但运营商同时出于市场压力也要压低价格，这就导致整个庞大的市场只能以成本为导向。一位运营商终端公司人士对记者表示，采购价格必须要压下来，才能吸引更多的在网用户：“价格没有优势的话，谁来买你的合约机？也就意味着运营商只有利用自己的用户和渠道优势，要求厂商放低终端产品的利润，通过大规模销量来回本。”
“在这种以成本为导向的市场环境下，手机质量的问题永远得不到解决，到最后产品变成了一块烫手山芋，大家都是以‘能用就行’的标准推向市场。除非现在大家都能放弃追逐数量专心做1800元以上价格区间的机器，才能用较大的盈利空间、缓冲周期来提高质量。”厂商人士共同表示。
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