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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/17 15:36:54 4 propose that the parties wrote to the State Council against employment discrimination Act
Employment discrimination litigants sent a letter to the State Council Legislative Affairs Office
Recommends the speedy enactment of the law against employment discrimination
Our Chief Reporter Jiang Gewei
On November 26, the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council's announcement, in order to carry out the 18 and 18 the spirit of the third plenary session of the party, for the community to openly call for legislative project proposals deadline is December 10.
The news made 4 different types of "first case of discrimination in employment" parties. They are: the parties, the first case of gender discrimination in employment is now working in Beijing, Shanxi girl, Cao ju (a pseudonym), household employment discrimination against girls, first party, Anhui Su Min (not his real name), the State party first case of public research on disability discrimination, the small group of Anhui Xuan Hai, Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu party first case of HIV/AIDS discrimination in employment, boy, Chen Xin (a pseudonym).
On December 8, they had submitted to the State Council Legislative Affairs Office by courier as soon as possible on the set < against employment discrimination Act >, implementation of plenary session < decisions > spirit of recommendation letters, the Elimination of all discrimination in employment, in the hope that the decision of the third plenary "the Elimination of all discrimination in employment" can be real follow-up to and implementation of the spirit of.
Views: activist blocked court case
The national "first case of gender discrimination in employment," plaintiff Cao ju said, "I come from the countryside, 2012 in desperate need of a job after college student loans, but suffer from impingement is because of my sex! "Stubborn Cao Ju had to go through a lawsuit to get a statement, maintaining the lawful rights and interests.
"The lawsuit on July 11, 2012, after one year were not incorporated until September this year before such court. The recent trial. ”
And residence by Su Min, said job discrimination: "the case from the prosecution to the courts, after a first-instance and the second instance, labour arbitration procedures, which lasted 3 months, had a lot of ups and downs and the trouble, workers protect themselves so hard? ”
Xuan Hai with first-degree visual disability, apply to civil servants in Anhui province before and after he twice or examination does not provide facilities for the blind, either in the registration eligibility is blocked. He said, "legal employment rights for the disabled, the clear provisions of the law on the protection of disabled persons, did not think I would be lost. Physical disability is nothing to me, I am disappointed that the community did not give me an equal employment opportunities. ”
Subjected to employment discrimination due to AIDS, Chen Xin, Jiangsu province said: "China's relevant law protecting communicable disease pathogen carriers equal employment rights, why, to this day but can not perform? Ultimately stems from its legal regulatory mechanisms of employment discrimination are not perfect! For future successful job to earn money to support their families, this thing I'm going to perseverewith it. ”
Suggestions: strengthen judicial relief mechanisms
Discrimination in employment along with activist, 4 young men on the development of the employment discrimination law and come and look forward to.
Cao ju said: "Dang heard state in collection legislation project recommends, I is is delight and look forward to, this is a rare of good opportunities, I through network contact to several and I as suffered employment discrimination of cases party, joint recommends as soon as possible developed and introduced anti-employment discrimination law under, for of is can create a equal of employment environment, let employing units can't casually discrimination workers, let workers suffered employment discrimination Hou has a perfect of relief mechanism, protection themselves of equal employment no longer so hard. ”
This seal recommends believed 3 a aspects described has developed anti-employment discrimination law under of need: 1. employment discrimination on workers of against serious, and infringement zhihou of activist of road hard; 2. to specifically of legal to constraint and elimination employment discrimination phenomenon is international passage of practices, is adapted contemporary international trend of important initiatives; 3. existing about specification employment discrimination acts of legal regulations more scattered, and one-sided, and lack can operation sexual, far cannot adapted social development of needs.
In addition, combine 4 parties our own experience, as well as workers from discrimination commonly faced when legal rights after "difficult, difficult of proof, the case in favour of difficult, low compensation" dilemma, the letter recommends that the legislature in drafting the employment discrimination law focused on strengthening judicial relief mechanisms after the workers have been infringed. These suggested include: all court seriously implementation and shall not be without undue or to "no court" for excuses refused to ' corporations; around Court should clear differentiated employment discrimination and labour controversy of difference, clear in labour relationship established zhihou by occurred of employment discrimination still without requirements arbitration Qian home; clear "equal employment right (or employment discrimination) disputes, by accused on its behavior not containing any discrimination commitment proof responsibility", is in employment discrimination case in the implemented proof responsibility upside down, to reduce workers of proof responsibility ; Clear employment discrimination case against the defendant, the plaintiff should be compensation for mental damage, and according to the client's mental damage compensation for specific provisions, compensation standard of not less than 10,000 yuan, and no ceiling.
Views: specific legislation is the general trend
Su Min on reporter said: "anti-employment discrimination legislation is not we of initiative, my tenth session national NPC representative, and Central normal university education College Professor Zhou Hongyu in 2004~2007 continuous 4 years of national NPC representative Conference Shang for developed anti-discrimination legislation tireless appeal; 2009, by Cai Dingjian Professor, 24 bit scholars composed of ' anti-employment discrimination research topics group ' publishing has anti-employment discrimination legislation of expert recommends version, has is important of reference meaning; 2011, my first this human rights blue book China human rights career development report NO.1 (2011) under in the also pointed out that, for employment field of discrimination phenomenon, should as soon as possible developed anti-employment discrimination law under, real protection workers of equal employment right; 2013, party of 18 session third plenary Shang made of decided under in the stressed that, to specification hiring employing system, elimination urban and rural, and industry, and identity, and gender, all impact equal employment of system obstacles and employment discrimination. "It can be seen that legislation against employment discrimination is inevitable.
Help has so far domestic all total 5 up AI AIDS infected employment discrimination case of public organization Nanjing world public institutions Director Yu Fangqiang think, employment discrimination phenomenon is General exists is based on many reasons caused of, whole social to equal opportunities employment and work of concept serious lack, existing anti-discrimination law system serious missing, to equal right of social security mechanism serious insufficient, was discrimination was hurt who of judicial relief measures far no established up. "From idea to law, are seriously not adapted to market economy conditions of employment discrimination under the gravity of the situation. Should be devised as soon as possible the law against employment discrimination, guarantees for compliance. ”
CUPL constitutional Liu Xiaonan, head of the Institute, said: "promoting anti-discrimination in employment is necessary for the basic law, in addition, add some line of anti-discrimination provisions in the relevant laws, as well as the promotion of anti-discrimination measures in the local people's Congress legislative, cleaning up existing discriminatory provisions in the laws and regulations is also important. ”
He also analyses, and to eliminate all discrimination in employment requires the whole society focusing on employment discrimination, the joint forces and to reinforce administrative measures, the improvement of judicial relief, and strengthening research on anti-discrimination, advocacy and education to heighten the awareness of the whole society.
就业歧视诉讼当事人致信国务院法制办
建议尽快制定 《反就业歧视法》
本报首席记者 蒋格伟
11月26日，国务院法制办公室发布公告，为了深入贯彻落实党的十八大和十八届三中全会精神，面向社会公开征集立法项目建议，截止日期为12月10日。
这个消息让4位不同类型“就业歧视第一案”当事人动了心。他们分别是：性别就业歧视第一案当事人、现在北京工作的山西姑娘曹菊(化名)，户籍就业歧视第一案当事人、安徽姑娘苏敏(化名)，国家公考残疾歧视第一案当事人、安徽小伙宣海，江苏艾滋就业歧视第一案当事人、江苏小伙陈新(化名)。
12月8日，他们以特快专递的方式向国务院法制办公室提交了《关于尽快制定<反就业歧视法>、落实三中全会<决定>精神、消除一切就业歧视的建议信》，希望三中全会《决定》中“消除一切就业歧视”的精神能够得到真正的贯彻和落实。
心声 ：维权受阻法院难立案
全国“性别就业歧视第一案”原告曹菊说：“我来自农村，2012年大学毕业后急需一份工作还助学贷款，哪知遭受碰壁竟是因为我的性别！”倔强的曹菊不得不通过打官司来讨个说法，维护合法权益。
“从2012年7月11日提起诉讼，历经一年都没有立案，直至今年9月才获法院受理。近日将开庭审理。”
而因户籍遭到就业歧视的苏敏表示：“案件从起诉到法院受理，经过了一审、二审、劳动仲裁等程序，历时3个多月，遇到了很多曲折和麻烦，劳动者保护自己就这么难吗？”
宣海有一级视力残疾，他前后两次报考安徽省公务员，要么是考试时没有为盲人提供便利条件，要么在报名资格审查中就受阻。他说：“针对残疾人的合法就业权利，《残疾人保障法》有明确的规定，没想到最终我还是败诉了。身体上的残疾对我来说不算什么，我失望的是这个社会没有给我一个平等的就业机会。”
在江苏因艾滋病遭到就业歧视的陈新说：“我国相关法律明文规定保护传染病病原携带者的平等就业权，为什么时至今日却执行不了？归根结底是因为我国法律对就业歧视还没有很完善的规范机制！为了今后能够顺利求职挣钱养家，这场官司我一定坚持到底。”
建言 ：强化司法救济机制
就业歧视加上维权难，4名年轻人对《反就业歧视法》的制定和出台备加期待。
曹菊说：“当听说国务院在征集立法项目建议，我感到十分欣喜和期盼，这是一个难得的好机会，我通过网络联系到几位和我一样遭受就业歧视的案件当事人，联名建议尽快制定并出台《反就业歧视法》，为的就是能营造一个平等的就业环境，让用人单位不敢随便歧视劳动者，让劳动者遭受就业歧视后有一个完善的救济机制，保护自己的平等就业不再那么难。”
这封建议信从3个方面阐述了制定《反就业歧视法》的必要性：1.就业歧视对劳动者的侵害严重，而侵权之后的维权之路艰难；2.以专门的法律来约束和消除就业歧视现象是国际通行的做法，也是适应当代国际潮流的重要举措；3.现行有关规范就业歧视行为的法律法规较为零散、片面，且缺乏可操作性，远不能适应社会发展的需要。
此外，结合4位当事人自身的经历以及劳动者受歧视后法律维权时普遍面临的“立案难、举证难、胜诉难、赔偿低”等困境，信中建议立法部门在起草《反就业歧视法》时重点强化劳动者被侵权后的司法救济机制。这些建议包括：各法院认真贯彻执行并不得无故或以“无案由”为借口拒绝立案 ；各地法院应当明确区分就业歧视与劳动争议的差别，明确在劳动关系确立之后所发生的就业歧视仍无须要求仲裁前置；明确“平等就业权(或就业歧视)纠纷，由被告就其行为不含任何歧视承担举证责任”，即在就业歧视案件中实行举证责任倒置，以减轻劳动者的举证责任；明确就业歧视案中败诉的被告应当对原告进行精神损害赔偿，并且根据当事人的精神损害情况作出具体的赔偿规定，赔偿标准不低于1万元人民币，不设上限。
观点 ：专门立法是大势所趋
苏敏对记者说：“反就业歧视立法并不是我们的创举，我国第十届全国人大代表、华中师范大学教育学院教授周洪宇在2004~2007连续4年的全国人大代表会议上为制定反歧视立法不懈呼吁；2009年，由蔡定剑教授等24位学者组成的‘反就业歧视研究课题组’发布了反就业歧视立法的专家建议稿，具有十分重要的借鉴意义；2011年，我国第一本人权蓝皮书《中国人权事业发展报告NO.1(2011)》中也指出，针对就业领域的歧视现象，应尽快制定《反就业歧视法》，切实保障劳动者的平等就业权利；2013年，党的十八届三中全会上作出的《决定》中强调，要规范招人用人制度，消除城乡、行业、身份、性别等一切影响平等就业的制度障碍和就业歧视。”由此可见，反就业歧视立法是大势所趋。
协助了迄今国内全部共5起艾滋感染者就业歧视案的公益组织南京天下公机构主任于方强认为，就业歧视现象之所以普遍存在是基于多方面原因造成的，整个社会对平等机会就业和工作的观念严重缺乏，现行反歧视法律制度严重缺失，对平等权利的社会保障机制严重不足，受到歧视被伤害者的司法救济措施远没有建立起来。“从观念到法律，都严重不适应市场经济条件下出现的就业歧视的严峻形势。应尽快制定《反就业歧视法》，保证有法可依。”
中国政法大学宪政研究所负责人刘小楠博士表示：“推动制定反就业歧视基本法是十分必要的，另外，在其他有关法律中加入一些反歧视的单行条款，以及推动在地方人大层面立法采取反歧视的措施，清理现行法律法规中的歧视性规定也很重要。”
他还分析，要消除一切就业歧视，需要全社会共同关注就业歧视现象，联合各种力量，同时强化行政措施、改善司法救济，并加强对反歧视的研究、宣传和教育以提高全社会意识。
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