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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/17 15:37:41 Beijing urban air pollution problems stem from position unclear
Beijing Chengguan PM2.5 problems
Reporter Liu Debing
Urban management cares about? One answer is air.
Recently, Beijing unveiled the Beijing air pollution emergency plans (for trial implementation), which gives Beijing Chengguan's new mission in air pollution.
Beijing urban management enforcement Bureau enforcement Corps Geng Shuo told the China economic weekly newspaper said governance open-pit barbecue, dust and other urban duties. Of course, due to the spread of air pollution in many cities of the country, facing Beijing, urban air pollution is not just a problem.
"Blocking the door"
Geng Shuo of China economic weekly said current tough environmental governance, urban management as an important functional departments of urban environmental renovation promotion, although the finish ends of air pollution, but mission critical, responsible, Beijing urban management need to get good post.
According to Geng Shuo introduced, in governance air pollution aspects, Beijing Chengguan sector a is prepared this sector air heavy pollution emergency points plans, will air heavy pollution is divided into four a warning response level, currently has according to plans layout has some County Chengguan sector of pollution control work; II is received city air heavy pollution emergency command Department directive Hou, according to different of warning level measures requires, organization carried out construction Yang dust, and road left sub, and open-air burning (garbage, and leaves, and straw), and Outdoor barbecue and Street law enforcement checks and peddling without a license, such as coal-fired pollution sources in conjunction with the departments concerned to muck dust-prone vehicles such as trucks, gravel trucks outage check and supervise the implementation.
In November, reporters around 10 o'clock at night for several days in Beijing's Chaoyang District, yaojiayuan LEDU sink Shopping Plaza, shuangjing Fuli city, 19th floor, site visits and found that many of the urban management enforcement staff on duty at the site above gate dunshou.
In this regard, said Geng Shuo, from the source of pollution, Beijing city management from October this year, for building sites "blocking the door" action to the next 10 o'clock every night, sites that were found unattended at night, check the qualified construction earthmoving, transportation vehicles, construction dust pollution violations.
Geng Shuo told reporters that the current air pollution, than before the Beijing Chengguan's governance work is now a greater density; the other is to adhering; third, innovative work plans, for now, although some results, but still face greater pressure.
In mid-November, the reporters came to double wells Street, Chaoyang District Beijing Fuli city site, four stage and saw most of the floor has been covered with concrete at the construction site, and some on the ground covered in green netting, the entire site there is little exposed soil. The site project manager Liu Jianliang, told reporters that "soil not exposed, dust less naturally, besides the cement to harden the ground, and we are also pouring water several times a day, according to Beijing municipal emergency response, we have developed a contingency plan in the event of severe air pollution, we will strictly abide by the rules, to stop the construction. ”
, Chaoyang District, Beijing Chengguan Inspectorate shuangjing enforcement team Vice Captain Wei Xiaoliang, told the China economic weekly, now double wells city management project under construction have been setting up real-name system management account, for dynamic management of construction project implementation, earthwork during construction site inspections once a day, and other stages of inspections at least twice a week. In addition, there is some open-air barbecue, coal sales without a license, are tightly regulated. Checked patrol efforts in these areas are better than in the past.
Per capita management pressure to 3,000 people
Geng Shuo admitted that current urban air pollution in Beijing still faces a large challenge, for example, at present only have more than 6,000 employees throughout the city urban management team, but frequently faced with population of about 20 million, 3,000 people per capita management, it is difficult to completely cover the supervision area.
Double wells in the urban management enforcement team leader Huang Jing told reporters that the "dual area's population of around 130,000, Chengguan members, only 22 people, manages 6,000 people per capita, higher than the city's average, so judging from this indicator alone, urban pressure obviously is not small. ”
Geng Shuo told the China economic weekly said, in response to this situation, Beijing Chengguan defense is taken with the idea of combining technical security, and to prevent, use surveillance cameras to monitor; that the reasonable deployment of manpower, a shift to your supervision; third, rely on the masses to do oversight, play a supervisory role of the people, making urban management more efficient and convenient.
Analysts pointed out that the human factor is just a hump, due to urban management at the end of the air pollution, and environmental protection, planning and construction in the front of the coordination is also related to the efficiency of urban management. From the practice in many places are facing this problem.
Geng Shuo said that coordinating mechanisms have been taken in Beijing, set up the Office for the coordination of work, effectively guarantee the efficient, at this point, sectoral cooperation has yielded good results, as in governance in the outdoor barbecue, be separated from the business sector, environmental protection departments, and other kinds of assistance.
In addition, a basic urban management enforcement personnel in Beijing also expressed their confusion to reporters, the legal basis and the orientation of urban management is not entirely clear, leading to actual work is facing significant challenges.
北京城管的PM2.5 难题
记者 刘德炳
城管管什么？答案之一是空气。
日前，北京市公布了《北京市空气重污染应急预案(试行)》，其中，赋予了北京城管在治理空气污染方面的新使命。
北京市城管执法局执法总队耿硕向《中国经济周刊》表示，治理露天烧烤、扬尘等正是城管的职责。当然，由于空气污染在全国多个城市的蔓延，治理空气污染绝不只是北京城管所面临的难题。
“堵门”行动
耿硕向《中国经济周刊》表示，当前环境治理工作形势严峻，城管作为城市环境整治提升的重要职能部门，虽然处于整理空气污染的末端，但使命重大、责任重大，北京城管必须站好岗位。
据耿硕介绍，在治理空气污染方面，北京城管部门一是编制本部门空气重污染应急分预案，将空气重污染分为四个预警响应级别，目前已按照预案布置了一些区县城管部门的污染防治工作；二是接到市空气重污染应急指挥部指令后，按照不同的预警级别措施要求，组织开展施工扬尘、道路遗撒、露天焚烧(垃圾、树叶、秸秆)、露天烧烤以及街头无照兜售燃煤等污染源执法检查并会同有关部门对渣土车、砂石车等易扬尘车辆停运情况进行检查，并督促落实。
11月份，记者连续多日晚上10点左右在北京市朝阳区姚家园乐都汇购物广场、双井富力城19号楼等工地走访，发现有多名城管执法人员在上述工地门口值班蹲守。
对此，耿硕表示，为从源头治污，北京城管从今年10月开始，对于建筑工地采取“堵门”行动，即每天夜间10时至次日凌晨6时，进行出土工地夜间值守行动，检查施工土方、运输车辆合格情况、施工扬尘污染等违法行为。
耿硕告诉记者，面对当前的空气污染，与之前相比，如今北京城管的治理工作一是密度更大；二是敢于碰硬；三是不断创新工作思路，目前来看，虽有些成效，但仍然面临较大的压力。
11月中旬，记者来到北京市朝阳区双井街道富力城四期19号工地，看到工地上大部分地面已经铺上水泥，还有些地面上用绿网覆盖着，整个工地鲜有裸露在外的土壤。该工地项目经理刘建良向记者表示，“土壤不裸露了，扬尘自然少了，除了铺水泥硬化地面外，我们每天还要浇多次水，同时根据北京市相关应急办法，我们也制定了应急预案，一旦发生重度的空气污染，我们将严格遵守规定，停止建设。”
北京市朝阳区城管执法监察局双井执法队常务副分队长魏晓亮告诉《中国经济周刊》，目前双井城管已对在建工程建立实名制管理台账，对建设工程实施动态管理，土石方施工阶段的工地每天巡查一次，其他阶段每周至少巡查两次。除此之外，对于目前还有些露天烧烤、无证售煤的现象，都在进行严格管控。这些方面的查巡力度均胜过从前。
人均管理3000人的压力
耿硕坦言，目前北京城管治理空气污染仍然面临较大的难题，比如目前全市只有6000余名城管队员，但却时常面临2000万左右的人口，人均管理3000人，难以完全覆盖监管区域。
双井城管执法队副队长黄敬告诉记者，“双井地区的人口在13万左右，但是城管队员只有22人，人均管理6000人，高于全市平均水平，所以仅从这一指标来看，城管的工作压力显然并不小。”
耿硕向《中国经济周刊》表示，针对这种情况，北京城管一是采取人防与技防、物防相结合的思路，利用监控探头加强监管；二是合理调配人力，通过轮班制保持监管的力度；三是依靠群众做好监督，发挥人民群众的监督作用，使城管工作更加高效便捷。
有分析人士指出，人力因素只是一个难关，由于城管工作处于治理空气污染的末端，与前端的环保、规划、建设如何协调，也关系到城管工作的效率。从实践来看，很多地方都面临这个难题。
耿硕表示，北京市采取了协调处理机制，设置了相关协调工作办公室，有效保证了工作的高效，目前来看，部门合作取得了较好的效果，如在治理露天烧烤中，就离不开工商部门、环保部门等方面的协助。
另外，一位北京市基层城管执法人员也向记者表达了他们的困惑，城管工作的法律依据和定位并不完全清晰，导致了实际展开工作时还是面临不小的难题。
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