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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/17 15:40:21 It will pilot air pricing model， the local train from government subsidies
Railway tariff reform or in early next year
Freight prices increased 20%, pilot airline pricing model for high-speed rail, local train receiving government subsidies
Zhang bin Chen Chun Park-journalist reported Beijing, Nanchang
Reporter learned from a number of sources, to improve railway profitability, increase the attraction of private capital, and attracted wide attention of the railway tariff reforms are in the pipeline, possibly in early next year. Programme accordingly, freight will be raised to 0 within one or two years. a reasonable level of around 15 Yuan/ton-km compared to current average railway 0.12 Yuan/ton kilometer rate, there are still around 20% price space. Following the market fluctuations. As regards passenger traffic, pilot airline pricing models, implementation of high-speed rail freight market, and ordinary trains receive subsidies from the Government.
"China railway is priced too low, long-term link with markets, makes the market advance difficult. Everyone says to break up private enterprise into the glass doors of the railway, but the price is low is not attractive, losing the sale of private enterprises are more reluctant. "According to people familiar with next February or March, rail freight prices are likely to rise, price increases or not less than 10%.
"Tariff reforms are important elements of the railway market, the current railway freight transport price is too low, raw material costs associated with railway construction and operation, human resources costs are on the rise, railway freight rates had been low operation, said the railway subsidies in other industries. "Wang mengshu, academician of Chinese Academy of engineering, told the economic information daily said.
Since March this year China railway "separation", the railway reform entered the stage of substantive progress. Railway reform is in the direction of the market, while rail freight market is one of the important elements. On August 19, released by the State Council on the reform of railway investment and financing system to accelerate railway construction views put forward to improve railway tariff mechanism, establish railway welfare policy subsidy system for transport arrangements.
According to press reports, path of the rail freight market is in accordance with the rail and road keep the price reasonable prices make rail freight, while establishing railway freight rates, with road freight prices change the dynamic adjustment, in addition, rail freight prices change from Government pricing terms, increase the rate flexibility. Road freight currently for the 0.4 to 0.5 Yuan/ton-km, according to 1:3 of the tariff, railway tariff reasonable interval of about 0.14 to 0.16 Yuan/ton-km compared to current average 0.12 Yuan per ton kilometer railway freight rates, there are still around 20% price space.
Since 1995, benchmark of railway passenger transport fare rate has not been adjusted, always low price policy, railway transportation enterprises ' capital preservation and management has been very difficult. In addition, the assumed mass public transport, railway transport enterprises line operating subsidy for public welfare. Sources said, authorities are mulling establishing railway welfare, policy-oriented transport subsidy system, for the railway to take students, disabled veterans, agricultural supplies and emergency public transport task, as well as the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, southern Xinjiang line on public railway operating losses, to establish and improve the accounting system to form a reasonable compensation mechanism. Straighten out before the railway freight rates, establish a system of public transport accounts, the Central Government will in the next two years transitional subsidies imposed on China Railway Corporation.
Recent pricing reform of railway freight transport industry's concern, because rail transport industry "camp changed increases" enterprise tax not eased conditions occur, railway freight transport price increases can be hedged. Xingye securities research report noted that the battalion to increase after the implementation of policies is expected to Daqin railway profit declined, guangshen railway reduced 11.2% 5% reduction in logistics, iron Dragon.
"Railway 19 base fares do not go up as well as the large scale of railway construction and development of high investment, funds mostly from bonds, loans, railway employees alone, bond clothing is difficult so long as following. "Railway veteran commentator Jie Xiaowen told reporters that poor railway investment and financing channels, good project out of railway investment, cash-strapped project, external funds don't come through, very important reason was price railway is not straightened out.
铁路运价改革方案或于明年初出台
货运价格提高20%，高铁试点航空定价模式，普通列车接受政府补贴
□记者 张彬 陈春园 北京 南昌报道
记者从多位消息人士处了解到，旨在改善铁路盈利能力、增加对民营资本吸引力，且备受各方关注的铁路运价改革方案正在酝酿中，可能于明年初出台。据此方案，货运运价将在一至两年内上调为0 .15元/吨公里左右的合理水平，相比目前铁路平均0 .12元/吨公里运价，依然有20%左右的提价空间。之后实现市场化波动。客运方面，高铁试点航空定价模式、实现运价市场化，而普通列车接受政府补贴。
“我国铁路价格过低，长期与市场脱钩，使得市场化推进艰难。大家都在说要打破民企进入铁路的玻璃门，但是价格低就没有吸引力，赔钱的买卖民企更不愿意干。”知情人士称，明年二三月份铁路货运价格可能会 上调，提价幅度或不会低于10%。
“运价改革是铁路市场化的重要内容，当前铁路货运价格过低，跟铁路建设、运营相关的原材料成本、人力资源成本等都在上涨，铁路运价一直低位运营，可以说铁路补贴着其他行业。”中国工程院院士王梦恕也向《经济参考报》记者表示。
自今年3月中国铁路完成“政企分开”后，铁路改革进入实质性进展阶段。铁路改革的方向是市场化，而铁路运价市场化是其中的重要内容。8月19日，国务院发布《关于改革铁路投融资体制加快推进铁路建设的意见》提出要不断完善铁路运价机制、建立铁路公益性政策性运输补贴的制度安排。
据记者了解，铁路运价市场化的路径是按照铁路与公路保持合理比价关系制定国铁货运价格，同时建立铁路货运价格随公路货运价格变化的动态调整机制，另外，将铁路货运价格由政府定价改为政府指导价，增加运价弹性。目前公路运价为0.4至0.5元/吨公里，按照1：3的运价比，铁路运价合理区间约为0.14至0.16元/吨公里，相比目前铁路平均0.12元/吨公里运价，依然有20%左右的提价空间。
自1995年至今，铁路客运基准票价率一直没有作过调整，始终实施低运价政策，铁路运输企业保本经营已十分困难。另外，铁路运输企业承担着大量公益性运输、公益性线路运营补贴。消息人士指出，有关部门正酝酿建立铁路公益性、政策性运输补贴制度，对于铁路承担的学生、伤残军人、涉农物资和紧急救援等公益性运输任务，以及青藏线、南疆线等有关公益性铁路的经营亏损，要建立健全核算制度，形成合理的补贴机制。在理顺铁路运价、建立公益性运输核算制度之前，中央财政将在明后两年对中国铁路总公司实行过渡性补贴。
近期铁路货运价格改革受到业界关注，因为铁路运输业“营改增”出现企业税负不降反升的情况，铁路货运提价可以对此进行对冲。兴业证券的研究报告指出，营改增政策实施后 ， 预计大秦铁路利润减少11.2%、广深铁路减少16.1%、铁龙物流减少5%。
“铁路19年基准票价不涨的同时又是大规模铁路建设发展的高投入，建设资金绝大部分来自发债、贷款，铁路发债仅凭员工节衣缩食是难以长久为继。”铁路资深评论员解筱文告诉记者，铁路投融资渠道通路不畅，好的项目铁路投资不出去，缺钱的项目，外来资金进不来，很重要的原因也是铁路价格未理顺。
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