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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/17 15:41:50 Sanmenxia， Henan province promoting villagers ’ Supervisory Committee， 70% less grass-roots discipline
Sanmenxia, Henan province introduced rural "third" 70% less by the Central Commission for discipline inspection cadres in violation of investigation of the Ministry of Civil Affairs recently proposed speeding up promotion
The evening of December 7, Director Qu Jianci JISC sanmenxia shanxian, Henan province xindiancun village, in the Office finishing quarter "get paper" data. New account bonus of 5,000 yuan in the village through the paper told village elders.
China's vast countryside, people generally familiar with rural grass-roots party and Government organs is a village party branches and village committees, known as "two committees". But in sanmenxia city, Henan province, 440,000 rural households are also known as a "third"-the village Affairs Oversight Committee (hereinafter referred to as Commission).
JISC members are directly elected by the villagers, and realized with the earlier general election of village committees, and village level.
According to the provisions in sanmenxia city, village of JISC village group has rights to participation, suggestions, voting rights, the right to audit and other powers. Especially in village activities, the Commission will have the right to attend two meetings, village Council decided to propose the abolition of the right to fail to meet the requirements proposed, on behalf of the villagers vote.
In addition, the JISC also has the right to one-third per cent of village representatives do not feel qualified recommendations recalled the village cadres and to set up a villager Congress vote.
Reporters learned of the legal evening news, sanmenxia city, about rural "Third Committee" to explore, and also won the Central Commission for discipline inspection, made submissions by the city of sanmenxia village in rural areas reflect the JISC development TV propaganda films, was sponsored by the Central Commission for discipline inspection of the honesty of the distance education program selected and broadcast.
By the end of 2013, the Ministry of civil affairs departments to carry out research in order to further speed up the construction of village Affairs Oversight Committee.
A list of "see paper" wrong village Director of JISC
From April 2013, sanmenxia city, Henan province in the city discipline Inspection Commission implementation of the "village affairs public understand paper" the distribution work.
And China's vast rural areas generally use Blackboard for village affairs public in a different way, sanmenxia city, this "clear paper" quarterly production, Party Affairs, not only to open a village chief, and more comprehensive public financial information of concern to most people: and to arranging payments into the hands of 440,000 rural households in the city.
Due to "understand the paper" issued before the 15th of each month after the quarter, although at present only in mid-December, but as soon as the village had already begun for the fourth quarter, "see paper" making preparations.
The evening of December 7, 2013, sanmenxia shanxian, Henan province xindiancun village Affairs Oversight Committee (hereinafter referred to as Commission) within the Office of village head JISC Qu Jianci is a villager from last quarter "get paper" flip out "old" working very hard.
It turns out that in late August, xindiancun was named the province's model primary school and was awarded 5,000 yuan. "Get paper" recorded on this bonus may be in financial revenue and expenditure did not see the money in the open bar.
Villager Zhao Shoukang discovered this issue carefully, to reflect the village Director Qu Jianci JISC.
Qu Jianci repeatedly asked higher authorities about the money when I can, until November this year bonuses to account.
"I had to write this down, start preparing now four quarters ' understand paper ', wrote the content, as we all know, 5,000 dollars to the Bill. "Qu Jianci said.
Qu Jianci over the weekend for "clear paper" busy, because the identity of the village head of the JISC. According to the provisions in sanmenxia City Commission for discipline inspection, village Council made pursuant to this village "get paper" after the specific contents of the public, it is necessary to complement and complete the review by the JISC, and before it can be escalated to the discipline Inspection Commission audits, issuance of villages and towns.
Supervision of maintained "deficiencies" led to the village "third"
Reporters also noted, although issued in sanmenxia rural "get paper" format is slightly different, but most have a "village Committee" personnel Division and contact information.
In China's vast rural areas, people are generally familiar with the rural grass-roots party and Government organs of village party branch and village Committee, known as the "two committees".
The "third" is a Qu Jianci worked as a village of the JISC. And as village-level democracy watchdog in sanmenxia city, JISC was villagers are commonly referred to as "discipline", which has been considered a local rural "third team".
This reporter learned that, in Henan province was the first to promote the JISC the rural grass-roots democratic supervision mechanism is one of several provinces, based on successful pilot of the sanmenxia city mianchi County.
Sanmenxia city, rural party discipline Inspection Commission director Li Xiaoyi told the legal evening news reporter interview introduction had been chosen to pilot the establishment of village in mianchi County Commission, and the rapid development of the rural economy, individual acts of a small number of party members and cadres in rural areas are not cheap Tome about.
In fact, prior to this, the local rural areas also have oversight mechanisms. Before the pilot villages of JISC, the local village affairs public has been set up in rural areas supervisory group, democratic finance group and the village of discipline inspection group, but because of the three groups of overlapping functions, personnel dispersed to monitor low level of institutionalization and standardization.
"At that time Supervision Organization members of the majority in the village without a stable economic treatment is essentially a duty and, therefore, cannot guarantee the regularity and persistence, much less penetration into the cadre supervision during the routine exercise of power. "Li Xiaoyi Director to act late reporters, due to these defects on supervision system and mechanism, monitoring quality was seriously affected, in order to address this challenge, sanmenxia city discipline Inspection Commission final village in mianchi County pilot works to JISC.
Pilot villages of JISC members not to engage in "appointment"
In April 2005, mianchi County beginning at the time of xiyangxiang (now merged with another town of Yangshao) 4 town the first to pilot the establishment of village Affairs Oversight Committee.
Among them, mianchi County town of Yangshao celebrate hutuo village is one of the earliest pilot villages of JISC village.
Now grasp the hutuo village He Jianmin, is 63 years old and was the first member of the JISC, and 3 in a row to be elected members of the JISC.
According to the introduction He Jianmin, April 2005, held the village representative Conference and election of the first members of the JISC, JISC have to elect village Director and two members for a total of 3 members.
"At that time the village had a total of 30 representatives of villagers, all came in because none of the candidates, we pick people who they deem suitable for the village of JISC members. "He Jianmin recalls, including him, were all voted on in 3 people, and over half of these 3 people eventually become members of the JISC, the first village, while he himself due to number of votes becomes that one village II JISC members.
He Jianmin introduced provisions that JISC members cannot be members of the two committees, nor are his immediate family. According to the regulations, village of JISC work carried out under the leadership of village party branches.
Mianchi County rural party discipline Inspection Commission director Wang Guitao introduction, this generation method and changed the personnel in charge of village affairs in the past by "two committees" appointed State achieved relative independence of people and things, and this is definitely a major innovation of the rural grass-roots democratic supervision mechanism.
General Palm and the village Committee against the same period financial audit rights
He Jianmin told reporters that when the first session of the village after the establishment of the JISC, gave him a high level of oversight, one of the most central, is on the village's financial audit supervision.
Introduction He Jianmin, at that time the village of financial expenses, you must consult the JISC audit. "At that time we already have something involving compensation for land expropriation, flows in the village are very large, sometimes we audited more than hundreds of thousands of often do. ”
This reporter learned that, 4 communes of the pilot after the success at the time, JISC monitoring mechanisms were soon pushed in Mianchi County all townships.
On a pilot basis for success, in September 2006, sanmenxia city municipal party Committee, the municipal government issued regulations on the implementation of the reform of rural grass-roots democratic supervision, working in the city's rural grass-roots democracy supervision system reform.
Until the end of 2006, sanmenxia city general election established the village of JISC.
Followed in September 2008, is all the more crucial, th session of the Committee of the city, in the year in the general election, sanmenxia city determine JISC village election arrangements together with the village Committee elections, together with organizations promoting, achieving JISC and the village committee level, in the city over the general election.
This year, there are more than 4,000 people in villages in the city through the Election Commission, which includes the first village in mianchi County celebrate the hutuo village member of the JISC He Jianmin. Due to the largest number of votes and a majority, He Jianmin was elected as the Director of the second session of the Commission. This session of the Commission, has been given the more specific terms of reference.
Introduction He Jianmin, 2008 election, their method for selecting members of the JISC and the first of the village. Since JISC's son Wang Yanfeng, Director, the first village in the village Committee election is carried out in the same year was elected as Deputy Director of the village Committee, JISC abstained in the election, his father directly in the village.
According to the provisions in sanmenxia, JISC is clear in the village village affairs under the leadership of village party branch supervision. Focus its supervision include: village where the party's line, principles, and policy implementation, village affairs known to public and financial management at the village level, as well as major issues, important decisions, limit the use of funds, construction of public welfare projects and collective land, Contracting barren hills, beaches and so on.
70% less effective grass-roots cadres and violations of law and discipline
Xinhua learned from mianchi County Commission for discipline inspection, through the practice of that in recent years the village, there are also some problems in the work of JISC. Such as the village of JISC work free and strong, poor supervision, role play their hands everywhere, archives are inadequate and so on.
In order to address the root causes of these problems, the oldest pilot village, mianchi County Commission oversight mechanism has introduced a new initiative this year.
Mianchi County rural party discipline Inspection Commission room this year's integrated presentation of the work of village Affairs Oversight Committee ledgers, issued to the County's 236 administrative villages, each village. Ledgers include democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision, democratic appraisal of major issues at village level, such as the whole process.
Sanmenxia several counties, head of the Municipal Commission for discipline inspection offices concerned, explore and refine the JISC monitoring mode, can be described as effective.
Mianchi County statistics of the late journalist discipline available to law, since 2010, the JISC audit rural county village money as much as 360 million dollars, refuse to pay is not capital of 848,000, refuse to pay is not paper over more than 22,800, more than 820 to supervision over village affairs major issues, resolve conflicts and disputes over more than 6,400 of the masses, agriculture-related petition cases has been declining.
Sanmenxia City data provided by the Commission for discipline inspection also revealed that since 2013, sanmenxia city's various administrative villages JISC total audit to correct irregular bills more than more than 45,000, dishonored unreasonable expenditure of more than 2.6 million Yuan, rural grass-roots party cadres violating the law and cases down over 70%.
Village JISC candidate by villagers jointly recommended
From 2010, in sanmenxia city exploration success, based on the village of Henan province introduced Commission system.
As soon as municipal Committee, Secretary of Commission for discipline inspection Wu Yun in 2010 when he was Director of the Henan provincial Commission for discipline inspection of rural party room. In this role during his eligibility for election of village Committee members stated that the provisions of the relevant documents in Henan province, candidates for village Committee members should have the People's Republic of China rights to vote and to stand for election under the organic law of the villagers ' Committee, adhere to the principle of fair and honest, and trusted by the masses, familiar with the village and enthusiastic public service. Nominated candidates for Congress by the villagers or village party organizations or ourselves or jointly recommended by the villagers.
In addition, and sanmenxia put file similar to the file that was introduced also clear village in Henan province and villagers ' committees of the Supervisory Board over the same period, at the same, and with the "two committees" cadres receive villages or villagers ' Congress of democratic appraisal by the General Assembly. For a Word, when the village head a three-year term of office expires, JISC General with sibling village.
In 2011, he ushered in the new village of hutuo village JISC of a general election. According to the above, the year the village held a party meeting, launched two director candidates, including He Xianghui, eventually by the Township Party Committee examined decision proposed He Xianghui as Chief candidate.
Then the villagers representative meeting, He Xianghui vote passed, JISC officially became the village chief candidate.
Subsequently, nearly 700 villagers ' Congress to be held in the village, Election Commission officers and members of the village.
He Xianghui recalled, when after the first round of voting, he gets the most votes, some villagers took the other man, but two of them are less than half the number of votes. In the second round of the villagers voted, which got the most votes wins the election rules, He Xianghui WINS.
In this village the JISC election, had two consecutive assume He Jianmin in the first round of the elections of the members of the JISC elected at this session of the Commission members.
Examinations on a relatively independent right to recommend his removal of village cadres
On the major issues, especially when the financial audit of the village, village JISC collective audit mechanisms. Although being the village head of the JISC, but only when He Xianghui village in auditing financial signing authority, had no right to seal.
It turns out that seal of the JISC, arranged by being a member of He Jianmin custody. When a financial audit of the village, village of JISC members approved to sign and stamp, thus avoiding Director who was in charge, to prevent the "favor".
He Xianghui memories, giving him oversight at a time best remembered, was at the time of the Spring Festival this year.
In order to enrich the cultural life of the villagers, the village troupes each year during the lunar new year to set up the stage singing opera in the village. During the Spring Festival this year, the troupe find the village head, hoping to hold down to the village show "business". "The village head may not think much at that time, verbally agreed. "He Xianghui recalls that during the Spring Festival, the troupe really came to the village, but before the show was stopped by JISC He Xianghui's village.
He Xianghui told reporters that when he asked the circus, a play to thousands of dollars, this is the village can afford. "We just went to see the village officer, officer also acknowledged that oral promises at that time, no one thought the other ' an exorbitant rate. "He Xianghui told reporters that he was direct and troupe negotiation or ship out, either according to the village's original cost performance standard, consent of the other party," price ", where He Xianghui JISC was finally approved by the village.
"While this is a small thing, but enough to explain our oversight of financial expenses in the village are relatively independent. "He Xianghui said.
In fact, in sanmenxia city, village, JISC is not only a financial audit rights, Xinhua learnt from the sanmenxia City Commission for discipline inspection, in order to ensure that the JISC can represent the masses in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities, sanmenxia city, clearly defined village JISC village group has rights to participation, suggestions, voting rights, right to audit powers.
In particular activities in the village, village Commission will have the right to attend two meetings right to fail to meet the requirements of the village Committee decided to propose the abolition proposal for cadres at the grassroots level is not cheap, unfair and undemocratic and even acts of violation of laws or disciplines dealing with proposals, on behalf of the villagers vote.
In addition, the JISC also has the right to one-third per cent of village representatives do not feel qualified recommendations recalled the village cadres and to set up a villager Congress vote, views on the right to the unreasonable spending proposal and urged to correct.
JISC model used by the Central Commission for discipline inspection
In fact, JISC monitoring mechanism was first appeared in 2004, Wuyi, Zhejiang, a rural, in 2005, Henan and other parts of a few provinces beginning for our explorations of this mechanism for innovation.
This exploration of sanmenxia city, was also in Henan province, the central ministries and high recognition.
Back in April 2008, the Chinese Ministry of Civil Affairs of grassroots and community-building to sanmenxia research and gave a high evaluation.
In December 2010, produced by the city's submissions reflect the sanmenxia in rural areas village construction and development of the JISC television Missional chosen by relevant departments of the Central Commission for discipline inspection, the Central Commission for discipline inspection lecturers in distance education program of the clean air, for discipline inspection system reference.
It is understood that this propaganda film called the democratic supervision over 构词成分。 letter, spearheaded by sanmenxia City Commission for discipline inspection completed, escalate to the Henan provincial Commission for discipline inspection after lecturers and lecturers by Henan provincial Commission for discipline inspection check submitted to the Central Commission for discipline inspection, and ultimately selected by relevant departments of the Central Commission for discipline inspection, broadcast on the distance education program. Henan provincial Commission for discipline inspection main leadership has given instructions require discipline mission organization watch the classroom learning at all levels in the province.
In Henan and other provinces to promote success, based on the JISC also officially started at the national advancement.
On October 28, 2010, after the Standing Committee of the 17th Congress voted by modifying the People's Republic of China village Committee organization law, the first village village authority shall establish a Committee or other forms of oversight bodies, responsible for the villagers democratic financial management, supervision and implementation of the system of village affairs public.
12 ministries issued advance village affair supervising mechanism
On November 5, 2012, the official website of the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued by the Central Commission for discipline inspection, the Central Organization Department, and 12 ministries jointly issued by the Ministry of Civil Affairs on further strengthening democratic supervision work at village level. The opinion pointed out that, to speed up the establishment of village Affairs Oversight Committee, and suggested that the village village Affairs Oversight Committee should be established or other forms of village affairs oversight body, responsible for the villagers democratic financial management, oversee village affairs known to public and system implementation.
This comment also suggested that the village members of supervisory bodies should be law-abiding, good, fair and honest, has higher prestige of the masses. Villagers aged 18 years old have been elected as members of the village affairs oversight body qualification. Encouraging group League owner, farmer groups and the village representatives, members of the democratically elected act as village affairs oversight bodies. Members of villagers ' committees and their close relatives, village accounting (accounting), in the village of instruments may not serve as members of village affairs oversight bodies.
This opinion also emphasized that by 2020, the realization of perfecting the system of democratic supervision, supervision at the village level forms a rich, democratic appraisal of effective and normative goals of economic responsibility audit to effectively protect the farmers ' rights to people's right to know, to participate, to express and to supervise.
In fact, nearly 3 years, many provinces in China have begun to promote the construction of JISC monitoring mechanisms. According to the reporter, steering around the sound to expedite the creation of village Affairs Oversight Committee, in the form of village affairs oversight body, early this year, has been incorporated into the national coordination group on village affairs public in 2013.
At the end of 2013, in order to implement the spirit of the leading comrades of the State Council for approval, Ministry of Civil Affairs of grassroots and community-building the Chinese led to places dedicated to research the construction of village Affairs Oversight Committee, in order to further speed up the construction of village Affairs Oversight Committee, thereby promoting urban and rural grass-roots democracy-building efforts more effective.
Expert opinion should ensure that the JISC "independence"
For China's rural democracy construction process to accelerate the authority question of institution-building, national school of administration, Deputy Director of the Ministry of scientific research, the researcher Professor Ma Baocheng accepted the legal evening news said in an interview with a reporter, the emergence of village Affairs Oversight Committee, is the inevitable result of the development of rural grass-roots democracy construction.
Professor Ma Baocheng said the construction of rural grass-roots democracy from the past more than 30 years, we have done more, is engaged in this one. But all of a democratic election is not democracy, elections are only the necessary prerequisite for democracy, where the authority is the essence of democracy, development of democracy at the grassroots level must promote democratic supervision.
Central socialism Academy Professor Department of political science and public administration director Wang Zhanyang also believes that free outside the authority of village elections, it is easy to become a breeding ground for corruption of the system loop. Therefore, the strengthening of villager's autonomy construction, need strict rules designed to limit the power of village leaders.
Prof Wang Zhanyang, in Western countries, is generally achieved through the parliamentary system of checks and balances of power. In China, the construction of rural grass-roots democracy itself, according to China's own situation that suits China's roads, where village Affairs Oversight Committee system is a significant discovery.
How to give better play to the JISC's role, said Ma Baocheng, effective guarantees of independence of the village Affairs Oversight Committee, village Affairs Oversight Committee members should be elected by the Assembly by the villagers and, in addition, must seize the village affairs public focus, no real open there is no real supervision. "The third is the need to adhere to serve concurrently as the ' two committees ' members, because ' Allo supervision ' is more effective. "Ma Baocheng said.
Integrated implementation: Zhu Shunzhong text and photography is Wang Nan/depth reporters from Henan sanmenxia
河南三门峡推行农村“第三委”获中纪委肯定 基层干部违法违纪少七成 民政部近期调研拟加快推广
12月7日傍晚，河南省三门峡市陕县辛店村村监委会主任曲建慈，在办公室内整理第四季度“明白纸”数据。村里新到账的5000元奖金将通过这张纸告知全村父老。
我国广大农村，人们普遍熟悉的农村基层党政机构是村党支部和村委会，被称为“村两委”。但在河南省三门峡市，44万农户所熟知的还有一个“第三委”——村务监督委员会(以下简称村监委会)。
村监委会委员由村民直选产生，并已实现与村委会同期换届选举，且与村委会平级。
根据三门峡市规定，村监委会对村组事务有参与权、建议权、表决权、审核权等多项权力。特别是在村务活动中，监委会有权列席两委会议，有权对不符合规定的村委会决定提出废止建议，交村民代表大会表决。
此外，村监委会还有权对三分之一以上村民代表认为不合格的村干部提出罢免建议，并召集村民代表大会进行表决。
《法制晚报》记者采访时了解到，三门峡市对农村“第三委”的探索，还曾获得中央纪委肯定，由该市制作报送的反映三门峡农村地区村监委会建设发展的电视宣教片，被中央纪委主办的《党风廉政建设》远程教育栏目选中并播出。
2013年年底，民政部相关部门开展调研，以求进一步加快村务监督委员会建设。
一份“明白纸”忙坏村监委会主任
从2013年4月起，河南省三门峡市纪委在全市推行“村务公开明白纸”发放工作。
和中国广大农村普遍使用黑板报进行村务公开的方式不同，三门峡市的这份“明白纸”，按季度制作，不仅要公开村内党务、政务，还要更全面地公开最受村民关注的财务收支信息：且必须按期发放到全市44万农户手中。
由于“明白纸”要在每个季度后一个月的15日之前发放，虽然目前还只是12月中旬，但三门峡各村都已经开始为第四季度“明白纸”的制作进行准备了。
2013年12月7日傍晚，河南省三门峡市陕县辛店村村务监督委员会(以下简称村监委会)办公室内，村监委会主任曲建慈正在为一项村民从上季度“明白纸”上翻出的“旧账”忙碌着。
原来，今年8月底，辛店村被评为全省示范基层党校并获奖励5000元。“明白纸”上曾记录下这笔奖金，可在财务收支公开栏上却没有见到这笔钱。
细心的村民赵守康发现了这一问题，向村监委会主任曲建慈进行反映。
此后曲建慈多次向上级部门询问这笔钱何时能发，直到今年11月奖金才到账。
“我得把这个情况写下来，现在已经开始准备第四季度的‘明白纸’了，得把这个内容写上去，让大家都知道，这5000块钱到账了。”曲建慈说。
曲建慈之所以在周末还在为“明白纸”忙碌，就是因为其村监委会主任的身份。根据三门峡市纪委规定，村委会根据本村情况提出“明白纸”公开的具体内容后，必须要经村监委会审查补充和完善，然后才能上报到乡镇纪委审核、发放。
监督存“缺陷”催生村里“第三委”
记者也注意到，虽然在三门峡多地农村发放的“明白纸”格式略有不同，但大多都有“村三委”人员的分工及联系方式。
而在我国广大农村，人们普遍熟悉的农村基层党政机构是村党支部和村委会，被称为“村两委”。
这个“第三委”，正是曲建慈任职的村监委会。而作为村级民主监督机构，在三门峡市，村监委会被村民们俗称为“村纪委”，其已被认为是当地农村的“第三套班子”。
记者了解到，河南是最早推广村监委会这一农村基层民主监督机制的几个省份之一，这源于三门峡市渑池县的成功试点。
三门峡市纪委农村党风室主任李晓义接受《法制晚报》记者采访时介绍，之所以选择在渑池县进行试点成立村监委会，和当时农村经济发展迅速、个别农村少数党员干部不廉行为时有发生有关。
实际上，在这之前，当地农村也有监督机制。在试点村监委会之前，当地农村已设有村务公开监督小组、民主理财小组和村纪检小组，但由于三个小组职能交叉，人员分散，监督的制度化、规范化水平不高。
“当时村里监督组织成员大多数没有稳定的经济待遇，基本上属于尽义务性质，因此也无法保证监督的经常性和持久性，更不可能把监督渗透到干部权力日常行使的过程中。”李晓义主任向法晚记者介绍，由于监督体制和机制上的这些缺陷，使监督质量受到严重影响，为了解决这一难题，三门峡市纪委最终决定在渑池县开展村监委会的试点工作。
试点村监委会委员不搞“任命制”
2005年4月，渑池县开始在当时的西阳乡(现已与另一乡合并为仰韶镇)等4个乡率先试点成立村务监督委员会。
其中，现渑池县仰韶镇贺滹沱村就是最早试点村监委会的村子之一。
如今已经63岁的贺滹沱村村民贺建民，是当年第一届村监委会委员，且已连续3届当选该村监委会成员。
据贺建民介绍，2005年4月，该村召开村民代表会议，选举第一届村监委会成员，需要选出村监委会主任以及两名委员共计3名成员。
“当时全村总共有30名村民代表，全都来了，因为没有候选人，大家就选自己认为适合担任村监委会成员的人。”贺建民回忆，当时大家的投票集中在包括他在内的3人身上，而且都过了半数，最终这3人成为第一届村监委会委员，而他本人因票数第二成为那一届村监委会委员。
贺建民介绍，当时规定，那一届村监委会成员既不能是村两委成员，也不能是其直系亲属。根据规定，村监委会在村党支部领导下开展工作。
渑池县纪委农村党风室主任王贵涛介绍，这种产生方法，改变了过去村务监督人员由“村两委”任命的状况，实现了人与事的相对独立，这绝对是农村基层民主监督机制上的一大创新。
与村委会同期换届掌财务审核权
贺建民告诉记者，当年第一届村监委会成立后，被赋予了在他看来很高的监督权，其中最核心的，就是对村里财务的审核把关。
贺建民介绍，当时村里的财务开支，必须经由村监委会审核。“那时候我们村已经有涉及征地补偿的事情，村里资金流动非常大，我们有时候审核的资金超过几十万是经常的事儿。”
记者了解到，在当时的4个乡试点取得成效后，村监委会监督机制很快就在渑池全县所有乡镇推开。
而在试点成功的基础上，2006年9月，三门峡市市委、市政府出台了《关于推行农村基层民主监督体制改革的意见》，在全市启动农村基层民主监督体制改革工作。
至2006年年底，三门峡全市各村普遍选举成立了村监委会。
随后的2008年9月则显得更为关键，在这一年该市的第六届村委会换届选举中，三门峡市确定把村监委会换届选举与村委会换届选举一并安排部署、一并组织推进，在全市实现村监委会与村委会平级、同期换届选举。
这一年，有4000多人通过选举进入全市各村监委会，其中，就包括渑池县贺滹沱村第一届村监委会委员贺建民。由于票数最多且过半数，贺建民当选为该村第二届村监委会主任。而这一届村监委会，被赋予了更明确的职权。
贺建民介绍，2008年选举时，他们村监委会成员的产生办法和第一届一样。由于第一届村监委会主任的儿子王延峰在同年进行的该村村委会换届选举中当选为村委会副主任，其父直接在村监委会选举中弃权。
根据三门峡市规定，村监委会被明确是在村党支部的领导下开展村务监督工作。其监督的重点主要包括：所在村党的路线、方针、政策贯彻执行情况，村级财务管理和村务公开情况以及重大事项、重要决策、大额度资金使用、公益事业项目建设和集体土地、荒山、滩涂承发包情况等。
效果明显基层干部违法违纪少七成
记者从渑池县纪委了解到，通过实践，近些年村监委会的工作中也存在一些问题。比如一些村监委会存在工作随意性强、监督无处下手、作用发挥不好、档案资料不健全等现象。
为了从根本上解决这些问题，最早试点村监委会监督机制的渑池县今年又推出了新的举措。
渑池县纪委农村党风室今年统一编制了村务监督委员会工作台账，印发至全县236个行政村，每村一份。台账涵盖民主决策、民主管理、民主监督、民主评议等村级重大事项的全过程。
在三门峡多位县、市纪委有关处室负责人看来，探索并完善村监委会监督模式，可谓效果明显。
渑池县纪委提供给法晚记者的数据显示，2010年以来，该县村监委会审核农村资金高达3.6亿元，拒付不规范资金84.8万元，拒付不规范票据22800余张，对820余项村务重大事项进行监督，化解群众矛盾纠纷6400余起，涉农信访案件逐年下降。
三门峡市纪委提供的数据则显示，2013年以来，三门峡全市各行政村监委会共审核纠正不规范票据4.5万余张，拒付不合理开支260余万元，农村基层党员干部违纪违法案件同比减少70%以上。
村监委会人选 可由村民联名举荐
从2010年起，在三门峡市探索成功的基础上，河南在全省开始推行村监委制度。
三门峡市委常委、纪委书记吴云在2010年时任河南省纪委农村党风室主任。在担任这一职务期间，他曾对村监委委员选举资格公开表示，河南省有关文件规定，村监委委员候选人应当具有《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法》规定的选举权和被选举权，坚持原则，公道正派，群众信任，熟悉村情，热心公众事业。委员候选人由村民代表大会或村党组织提名，也可由村民自荐或联名推荐。
此外，和此前三门峡出台的文件类似，河南省出台的文件同样明确了村务监督委员会与村民委员会同期同届，并与村“两委”干部一起接受村民大会或村民代表大会的民主评议。换一句话说，当村委会主任三年任期届满，同级村监委会也一同换届。
2011年，贺滹沱村迎来了新一届村监委会的换届选举。根据上述办法，该村当年召开的党员会议上，推出了包括贺向辉在内的两名主任候选人，最终经由乡镇党委等部门研究决定，拟将贺向辉作为主任候选人。
在随后的村民代表会议上，贺向辉票数获得通过，正式成为当年的村监委会主任候选人。
随后，该村举行近700人的村民大会，选举村监委会主任及委员。
贺向辉回忆，当时第一轮投票过后，他得票最多，也有村民选了另外一个人，但两人的得票数均未过半。在第二轮村民投票选举中，依据得票最高者胜选的规则，贺向辉最终胜出。
在这一届村监委会选举中，已经连续两届担任村监委会委员的贺建民在第一轮选举时就成功当选这一届村监委会委员。
履职相对独立有权建议罢免村干部
在对村子重大事项特别是财务进行审核时，村监委会实行集体审核机制。虽然身为村监委会主任，但贺向辉在审核村里财务时只有签字权，却无盖章权。
原来，该村监委会的印章，被安排由身为委员的贺建民保管。在对村里财务进行审核时，要村监委会成员集体审核通过才能签字盖章，这样就避免了主任一人说了算，防止出现“人情章”的情况。
贺向辉回忆，给他印象最深的一次监督工作，是在今年春节时。
为了丰富村民的文化生活，该村每年都会请戏班在春节期间到村里搭台唱戏。今年春节时，有戏班找到村委会主任，希望能够揽下到村里演出的“生意”。“当时村委会主任可能也没多想，就口头答应了。”贺向辉回忆，春节期间，这个戏班果然来到村里，但在演出前被贺向辉所在的村监委会拦下了。
贺向辉告诉记者，当时他问了戏班，一场戏要数千元钱，这是村里负担不了的。“我们直接就去找了村主任，主任也承认，当时是口头答应，没想到对方会‘狮子大开口’。”贺向辉告诉记者，他当时直接和戏班交涉，要么走人，要么按照村里原来的花费标准演出，对方同意“降价”，贺向辉所在的村监委会才最终审核通过。
“虽然这是件小事，但足以说明我们对村里财务开支的监督，是相对独立的。”贺向辉说。
实际上，在三门峡市，村监委会不是只有村财务审核权，记者从三门峡市纪委获悉，为确保村监委会能够代表群众履行监督职责，三门峡市明确规定村监委会对村组事务有参与权、建议权、表决权、审核权等权力。
特别是在村务活动中，村监委会有权列席两委会议；有权对不符合规定的村委决定提出废止建议，对基层干部不廉、不公、不民主甚至违法违纪的行为提处理建议，交村民代表大会表决。
此外，村监委会还有权对三分之一以上村民代表认为不合格的村干部提出罢免建议，并召集村民代表大会进行表决，有权对不合理开支提出意见建议并督促纠正。
村监委会模式曾获中纪委肯定
实际上，村监委会监督机制，最早是在2004年浙江武义一个农村出现，2005年，河南等少数省份的部分地方开始根据自身情况对这一机制进行探索创新。
三门峡市的这一探索，也获得了河南省、中央部委的高度肯定。
早在2008年4月，民政部基层政权和社区建设司有关负责人就曾到三门峡调研，并给予了高度评价。
2010年12月，由该市制作报送的反映三门峡农村地区村监委会建设发展的电视宣教片被中央纪委有关部门选中，在中央纪委电教中心远程教育栏目《党风廉政》中播出，供纪检系统学习参考。
据了解，这部宣教片名为《民主监督遍崤函》，由三门峡市纪委牵头制作完成，上报给河南省纪委电教中心后，被河南省纪委选中报送中央纪委电教中心，最终被中央纪委有关部门选中，在远程教育栏目中播出。河南省纪委主要领导还曾作出批示，要求省内各级纪委宣教室组织收看学习。
在河南等省份推广取得成功的基础上，村监委会模式也被官方开始在全国推进。
2010年10月28日，全国人大常委会第17次会议表决通过修改后的《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法》，首次提出村应当建立村务监督委员会或者其他形式的监督机构，负责村民民主理财，监督村务公开等制度的落实。
12部委发文 推进村务监督机制
2012年11月5日，民政部官方网站发布由中央纪委、中央组织部、民政部等12部委联合印发的《关于进一步加强村级民主监督工作的意见》。该意见指出，要加快建立村务监督委员会，并提出，村应当建立村务监督委员会或者其他形式的村务监督机构，负责村民民主理财，监督村务公开等制度的落实。
这份意见还提出，村务监督机构成员应奉公守法、品行良好、公道正派，具有较高的群众威望。年满十八周岁的村民具有被推选为村务监督机构成员的资格。鼓励群团组织负责人、村民小组长和村民代表，通过民主推选兼任村务监督机构成员。村民委员会成员及其近亲属、村会计(村报账员)、村文书不得担任村务监督机构成员。
这份意见还强调，到2020年，实现村级民主监督制度完善、监督形式丰富、民主评议有效、经济责任审计规范的目标，切实保障农民群众的知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权。
实际上，近3年来，我国不少省份已开始推进村监委会监督机制建设。据记者了解，指导各地加快建立健全村务监督委员会等形式的村务监督机构，在今年年初已被写入全国村务公开协调小组2013年工作要点。
就在2013年年底，为落实国务院领导同志批示精神，民政部基层政权和社区建设司有关负责人还带队赴地方专门对村务监督委员会建设工作进行调研，以求进一步加快村务监督委员会建设，从而促进城乡基层民主建设工作取得更多实效。
专家观点应确保村监委会“独立性”
对于目前我国农村基层民主建设过程中加快推进村务监督机构建设的问题，国家行政学院科研部副主任、该院研究员马宝成教授接受《法制晚报》记者采访时表示，村务监督委员会的出现，是农村基层民主建设发展的必然结果。
马宝成教授表示，从过去30多年农村基层民主建设看，我们做得更多的，是在选举这一块。但民主选举不是民主的全部，选举仅仅是民主的必要前提，监督才是民主的要义所在，发展基层民主必须推进民主监督。
中央社会主义学院政治学与公共管理教研室主任王占阳教授也认为，若村民选举游离于权力监督之外，很容易成为滋生腐败的制度循环。因此，加强村民自治建设，需要通过严格的制度设计来限制村委领导的权力。
王占阳教授表示，在西方一些国家，权力制衡一般是通过议会制来实现。在中国，就农村基层民主建设本身而言，应根据中国自身国情出发来探索适合中国的道路，其中村务监督委员会制度就是一项意义重大的探索。
如何更好发挥村监委会的作用，马宝成说，应切实保证村务监督委员会的独立性，村务监督委员会成员应该是由村民大会选举产生，此外，必须抓住村务公开这个重点，无真正的公开则无真正的监督。“第三就是必须要坚持不兼任‘两委会’成员原则，因为‘异体监督’更为有效。”马宝成表示。
统筹执行：朱顺忠文并摄/深度记者王南发自河南三门峡
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