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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/18 7:17:00 Revealing the secrets of red flag to the Moon
Yesterday, a labourer hired by the month new Office Cheng Change third mission the situation held a press conference in Beijing, Defense Science and Industry Council spokesman Ng Chee-kin, said Chang, third task did the whole process "punctual launch, precise orbit and landed safely, reliable separation, successful visits", the performance is perfect. Current mandates to achieve automatic sample return Moon, fifth development is going smoothly and is expected to be completed around 2017 detector developed and snagged and fired.
-Latest developments
8 sets of 5 scientific instruments has been started
Moon and deep space exploration, CAs Deputy General Director Zou yongliao said yesterday that the Chang-third landing and patrol carrying 4 scientific apparatus, for view on the Moon, watching the Earth and the moon.
Lander landed on camera work during a landing in Chang, third, landed about 3 km away from month to month at different heights in the process photograph. Yesterday, 9:30, month-based optical telescope power, image clarity. Up to now, 8 had 5 loads one after another startup work. Zou yongliao introduction, "we use a month-based optical telescope Sky Survey observation, observing for a long time on some valuable objects, to basic astronomy in high magnetic field and gravitational field of physics research on the process technique, which is to be carried out in the future in science. ”
Lander topography camera to inspect the panoramic camera completed two players shoot each other for mutual cooperation, and vivid pictures of the five-star red flag was returned from the moon. Visit radar detector month 15th night open, gets the Lunar soil layer and shallow layer of the Moon's surface 100 m 30 m fine structure.
Zou yongliao said the next inspection inspection infrared imaging spectrometer on the Moon's surface infrared spectroscopy and Imaging. Particle induced x-ray Spectrometer for analysis of the surface material of major elements in the scene. Together they conduct comprehensive research on inspection of energy and mineral resources. Extreme ultraviolet cameras on the lander at 30.4 NM-band Earth plasma levels.
-Scientific results
Chang-part of the world of scientific data sharing
Zou yongliao said the Moon since the implementation of the project, Hong Kong, Macao and scientists actively involved. For example, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University team to participate in the Chang-third terrain camera pointing to the development of. Defense Science and Industry Council developed a goddess, first, second, third, scientific data dissemination policies, scientific data points a, b, c three types of management. Class a data acquired by the unit and related personnel directly involved in the development of b class scientist gets the members of the Committee; c user scientists and science enthusiasts all over the world to share. During the research period, bear the ground application system engineering task of National Observatory is responsible for receiving, processing of data, applications and research, these scientists publish more than 50 TB of data, there are more than 300 more user data collection and research teams. Data has been published to the world, anyone can direct download Chang, first and second on the Web of data.
Ng Chee-kin, spokesman of national defense science and Industry Council in referring to the Lunar international cooperation also said that Chang first number, the second number the access to scientific data are open to scientists all over the world. In first phase project of control cooperation with ESA, China, exchanged intelligence He Change, first scientific exploration, first data; during the second phase of the project monitoring cooperation with ESA, ESA offers a three flight control center, control station to participate in the task of Chang e, third; in the third phase project of international cooperation will be broader.
-Hot response
Moon was intended to spur technological development
Some netizens believe that China's lunar exploration program is a hollow, spent a lot of money but with little practical use. At the same time, also suggested that at the international level, China Moon is trying to dominate the space.
In this regard, Ng Chee-kin, said the Chinese lunar exploration program is to follow a consistent aim of China's peaceful use of space, space activities carried out in basic physical and technical conditions as well as the availability of economic condition of choice. Gain a scientific understanding of the Moon, and the development of China's aerospace technology, promote the development of high-tech. Lunar exploration program in aerospace engineering to gradually break around the technology of the Moon exploration, Lunar soft landing and inspection survey technology, automated sample return technologies, through these techniques gradually establish and perfect our country's Lunar Science and engineering systems at the same time, carry out deep space exploration to build up the technical basis for the future.
Ng Chee-kin, brought about by the lunar exploration program are a lot of high-tech development, such as large-thrust carrier rocket technology, deep space exploration and communication technology, away from science and technology, optical technology, artificial intelligence and robotics, as well as new materials, new energy technologies, and so on. These technologies for China's social development and progress of science and technology will play an important role.
-Secret
Five-starred red flag Lunar radiation resistance does not change color
Chang e third landing and "rabbit" crystallization of the bright five-star red flag was also highly skilled in the car, development is responsible for the national flag of China chemical industry said yesterday, Wang Bo, Hao coatings industry research and Design Institute of the North, the surface of the Moon unlike Earth, big temperature difference between day and night, Ray strong, high-vacuum of space, the environment of extreme uncertainty, national flag on the lunar surface made of normal material do not work correctly.
Flag on the lander with dimensions of 480x320 mm, the "rabbit" flag on the Lunar Rover with dimensions of 192x128 mm. Wang Bo said, "after nearly a year of research and development, and we repeatedly tested, using special techniques and special synthetic resin, pigment produced on both sides of the national flag, flag can overcome environmental change when hot/cold temperature, can also respond to UV polymer Ray impact, such as electrons and protons, able to cope with ultra-low temperature of moon night. Flag of coating materials and processes also resistant to high doses of radiation on the Moon, outer space, extreme environments, always keep the vivid colors of the flag. ”
– Future action
Around 2017 Lunar sample return
China's lunar exploration program planned for "around, down, back three-period". Lunar phase of the task was implemented around the Moon probing. Lunar phase II's mission is to achieve a lunar soft landing and automatic inspection surveys, including Chang, second, third, fourth, three missions. Lunar phase III tasks is to achieve unmanned sample return, including Chang two tasks He Change, fifth, sixth, in 2011, the plan.
Introduction Ng Chee-kin, spokesman of national defense science and Industry Council to become immortal, after a successful third mission, lunar exploration project will be transferred to phase III, the main objective is the realization of unmanned automatic sampling returns. Perform this task change, fifth development is going smoothly, development and snagged the launch is expected to be completed around 2017.
Yu Change the fourth, Ng Chee-kin, he explained, Chang is the backup of Chang e, third, fourth star. Chang after a successful third mission, engineers and technicians were considering adaptation for it, to optimize the it engineering and scientific objectives, enabling it to Chang e task validation part of the fifth key technology. Goddess lunar phase III's primary task is to realize the automatic sample return, its task performed youchange He Change, fifth, sixth.
It is understood that the lunar phase III tasks more difficult, breaking many of key technologies, including taking off probe Lunar, lunar surface sample packaging, returns to Earth and lunar orbit rendezvous and docking of high-speed reentry techniques such as returns, Ng Chee-kin, said, this is not done before in China.
He also said that the Lunar task completed in three phases does not mean end of China's lunar exploration program, but another new beginning. "The Moon exploration project in three phases of planning is still in the study. In addition, the deep space exploration after years of discussion, research and demonstration in China has reached a consensus, the scientific community has been tentative, related programmes is under study. ”
Built in foreign countries is imperative to deep space exploration station
Lunar phase ⅱ measurement and control system for Deputy General Designer, Chief Engineer of the Beijing Aerospace command and control center Zhou Jianliang said in answer to a reporter's question, our next deep space monitoring and control capability than it has now reached 64 million km far.
Zhou Jianliang revealed to become immortal, the second probe has become asteroids flying around the Sun, its distance from Earth is more than 64 million kilometers, the probe is still in deep space station under control. Deep space exploration actually extends to the far distance are the result of interaction detector and ground equipment. Based on two deep space station now, coupled with the cooperation of the future deep space probe, and subsequent deep space monitoring and control capability than it has now reached 64 million km far, our ability to deep space exploration will be increasing all the time.
Zhou Jianliang also disclosed that at present, China has already built two deep space station, one of jiamusi deep space station, deep space station in Marrakech, one, making full use of land and in depth, and even then, for measurement and control of deep space detector tracking does not yet provide around-the-clock coverage, there will also be 8-10 hours a day tracking blind spots. To make up for the measurement and control dead zone, do round-the-clock tracking coverage abroad in China to establish new deep space station, around-the-clock monitoring of the achieved deep space exploration of the future track, such construction is imperative.
This version of interview and Xinhua, the Jinghua times, rainy days a comprehensive
(Original title: Moon, moon, fifth sample home)
昨天，国新办就探月工程嫦娥三号任务有关情况在京举行发布会，国防科工局新闻发言人吴志坚表示，嫦娥三号任务整个过程做到了“准时发射、精确入轨、安全着陆、可靠分离、成功巡视”，表现非常完美。目前任务为实现无人自动采样返回的嫦娥五号研制进展顺利，预计于2017年前后完成探测器研制并择机发射。
□最新进展
8台科学仪器5台已开工
中科院月球与深空探测总体部副主任邹永廖昨天表示，嫦娥三号着陆器和巡视器各携带4台科学仪器，用于在月亮上观天、看地和测月。
着陆器上的降落相机在嫦娥三号降落过程中已开展工作，从距离月面3公里左右到降落月面过程中在不同高度拍摄照片。昨天9点半左右，月基光学望远镜开机，图像清晰。截至目前，8台载荷中已有5台陆续开机工作。邹永廖介绍，“我们用月基光学望远镜开展巡天观测，对一些有价值的天体进行长时间观测，以对天文学最基础的在强磁场和强引力场下的物理过程技术进行研究，这是在科学上未来要开展的。”
着陆器地形地貌相机与巡视器全景相机相互合作完成了两器互拍，并从月球传回了五星红旗的生动画面。巡视器测月雷达15日晚打开，获取月壤层30米和月表浅层100米的精细结构。
邹永廖表示，接下来，巡视器上的红外成像光谱仪将进行巡视区月表红外光谱分析和成像探测。粒子激发X射线谱仪将对月表物质主量元素含量进行现场分析。它们共同对巡视区能源和矿产资源进行综合研究。着陆器上的极紫外相机将在30.4纳米波段观测地球等离子体层。
□科学成果
嫦娥部分科学数据世界共享
邹永廖表示，探月工程实施以来，港澳台科学家积极参与。比如香港理工大学团队参与了嫦娥三号地形地貌相机指向机构的研制。国防科工局制定了嫦娥一号、二号、三号科学数据的发布政策，把科学数据分A、B、C三类进行管理。A类数据由直接参与研制的单位及相关人员获取；B类科学家应用委员会成员获取；C类全世界的科学家用户和科学爱好者共享。在数据研究期间，作为承担工程地面应用系统任务的国家天文台负责数据的接收、处理、应用和研究，向这些科学家发布了超过50个TB的数据，有300多个用户和研究团队进行数据收集。数据已经向全世界公布了，任何人可以在网上直接下载嫦娥一号和二号的数据。
国防科工局新闻发言人吴志坚在谈到探月工程国际合作问题时也表示，嫦娥一号、二号所获得的科学探测数据是向全世界科学家开放的。在一期工程中中国与欧空局开展测控合作，相互交换了智慧一号和嫦娥一号的科学探测数据；在二期工程中与欧空局测控合作方面，欧空局提供了一个飞控中心、三座测控站来参与嫦娥三号的任务；在三期工程中国际合作会更加广泛。
□热点回应
探月意在带动技术发展
国内一些网友认为，我国探月工程是花架子，花了很多钱但没有太多实际用处。同时，国际上也有人认为，中国探月是想称霸太空。
对此，吴志坚表示，我国实施探月工程是遵循我国和平利用太空的一贯宗旨，在具备开展航天活动基本的物质条件、技术条件以及经济许可的条件下所做出的选择。目的是要从科学角度了解月球，同时发展我国的航天技术，带动相关高新技术的发展。探月工程在航天工程技术方面要逐步突破环绕月球探测技术、月面软着陆和巡视勘察技术、自动采样返回技术，通过这些技术逐步建立和完善我国的探月科学和工程体系；同时，为未来开展深空探测逐步积累技术基础。
吴志坚表示，探月工程所带来的高新技术的发展是多方面的，比如说大推力的运载火箭技术、深空探测和通信技术、遥科学技术、光电技术、人工智能和机器人技术以及新材料、新能源技术等等。这些技术对于我国社会发展、科技进步都会发挥重要的作用。
□揭秘
五星红旗登月抗辐射不变色
嫦娥三号着陆器及“玉兔”车上鲜艳的五星红旗同样是高技术的结晶，负责国旗研制的中国化工中昊北方涂料工业研究设计院总经理王波昨天表示，月球表面不同于地球，昼夜温差大、太空射线强、高真空、环境极端不确定，普通材质做成的国旗在月球表面无法正常使用。
着陆器上的国旗尺寸为480×320毫米，“玉兔”月球车上的国旗尺寸为192×128毫米。王波说，“我们经过近一年的研发和反复测试，用特殊工艺和特殊合成树脂、颜料制作了这两面国旗，使国旗既能克服环境变化冷热交替时的温差，也能应对紫外线电子和质子等高分子射线的冲击，还能应对月球黑夜的超低温。国旗的涂覆材料和工艺还能抵抗月球上高剂量的辐射，在外太空极端环境下始终保持五星红旗的鲜艳颜色。”
□未来行动
2017年前后从月球采样返回
中国探月工程规划为“绕、落、回”三期。探月工程一期的任务是实现环绕月球探测。探月工程二期的任务是实现月面软着陆和自动巡视勘察，包括嫦娥二号、三号、四号共三次任务。探月工程三期的任务是实现无人采样返回，包括嫦娥五号和嫦娥六号两次任务，已于2011年立项。
国防科工局新闻发言人吴志坚介绍，嫦娥三号任务成功后，探月工程将转入三期，主要目标是实现无人自动采样返回。执行这一任务的嫦娥五号研制进展顺利，预计于2017年前后完成研制并择机发射。
对于嫦娥四号，吴志坚解释称，嫦娥四号是嫦娥三号的备份星。嫦娥三号任务成功后，工程技术人员正在考虑对它进行适应性改造，对它的工程和科学目标进行优化，使它能够为嫦娥五号的任务验证部分关键技术。嫦娥探月工程三期的主任务是要实现无人自动采样返回，它的任务由嫦娥五号和嫦娥六号来执行。
据了解，探月工程三期的任务难度更大，突破的关键技术很多，包括探测器月面起飞、月面采样封装、月球轨道交会对接以及返回地球的高速再入返回等技术，吴志坚称，这些对于我国来讲都是以前没有做过的。
他同时表示，探月工程三期任务的完成也不会意味着我国探月工程结束，而是另一个新的起点。“探月工程三期之后的规划还在研究中。此外，我国的深空探测经过多年讨论研究论证已经有了共识，科学界已有初步设想，相关方案正在研究中。”
在国外建深空探测站势在必行
探月工程二期测控系统副总设计师、北京航天飞行控制中心总工程师周建亮在回答记者提问时表示，我国后续的深空测控能力要比现在已经达到的6400万公里远得多。
周建亮透露，嫦娥二号探测器已成为围绕太阳飞行的小行星，目前它距地球的距离已经超过了6400万公里，这个探测器仍然处在深空站的监控下。深空探测真正能够延伸到多远的距离，是由探测器和地面设备共同作用的结果。立足于现在的两个深空站，再加上未来的深空探测器的配合，后续的深空测控能力要比现在已经达到的6400万公里远得多，我国的深空探测能力将不断增强。
周建亮还透露，目前中国已经建成两个深空站，一个是佳木斯深空站，一个是喀什深空站，充分利用了中国国土的东西纵深，即使这样，对深空探测器的测控跟踪也不能做到全天候覆盖，每天也会有8-10个小时跟踪的盲区。为弥补测控盲区，做到全天候的跟踪覆盖，中国在国外建立新的深空站，实现对未来深空探测的全天候的测控跟踪，这样的建设势在必行。
本版采写京华时报记者梅天一综合新华社
(原标题：嫦娥五号六号将登月采样回家)
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