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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/18 9:41:47 12 ministries and commissions research of household registration reform， will gradually divest account fringe benefits
12 ministries and research of household registration reform and gradually stripped fringe benefits
Guo Jinhui
Respect for implementation will, classification, next seven years pushing is the basic policy of reform of household registration system, the ultimate aim is to build a new household registration system for easy freedom of movement of workers.
Deputy Minister of public security Huang Ming recently received State media said in an interview, 12 departments such as the Ministry of public security has, in conjunction with the national development and Reform Commission in investigations and concluded on the basis of experience, formed the solicitation of opinions on accelerating the reform of household registration system was further revised and improved. At present, the need to speed up the reform of household registration system synchronization to rise to the establishment and improvement of urban and rural unified household registration system, introduction of a residence permit system, gradually Peel attached in the accounts of the various welfare benefits.
18 third plenary session decided to draw up a road map for household registration reform, open towns and small cities settled in limit, orderly opening of medium cities located in restricted, rational determination of large cities located in conditions, strict control of mega-cities the size of the population.
In an interview in the business daily found that small city settled in for migrant workers, and not very attractive, medium city without industrial clusters are hard to attract workers settled in, and strictly control the population size of mega-cities such as Beijing and Shanghai are "floating" more anxiety. These are the next household registration reform has to face up to the problem.
Easy to come back to the village to town
"Now we few are willing to account to move out of the village, were recovered in the village moved out of the land. "Sichuan Chinese Chen Zhong of migrant workers working in Beijing with his wife for more than 10 years of savings in Leshan city, home to buy a resale flat.
Chen Zhong family of four in the village there are 3 acres of land, an annual rent of 200 Yuan to care of a villager, also, he can also take into account national grain direct subsidy each year more than 300 yuan.
Chen said, most people went to work in the village, the land empty, worthless, a lot of people bought houses in the town, but no one moved account, even abandoning cannot not to land.
Not only has permanent residence in the town's farmers are reluctant to move accounts of rural household registration now go to college students generally does not get moved out of account. Chen's daughter a few years ago went to a University in Zhejiang, has now worked, account remained in the countryside of Leshan.
18 the third plenary session of the party to submit a comprehensive liberalization of towns and small cities settled in limited, but China's current reality is that household registration in small cities and town had little attraction for farmers, rural households are more "popular".
Huang Ming said that Hukou reform is the first principle of the consent of respect for farmers not to go into town, when the city, enter a city, by his own choice, we don't put farmers into the city, pulling into the city.
According to the resident population statistics, China's urbanization rate was 52%, but according to local population statistics, the urbanization rate was only 35%, the 17% behind the gap is more than 200 million migrant workers, they are not going to get a real sense of urbanization.
Urbanization of the just-concluded meeting suggested that artificial, of urbanization in advancing people-centred and promote agro-urbanization in shifting people's citizenship is first of six tasks assigned by the Conference.
Small towns and cities is the main battlefield of peasant workers ' citizenization:, but if the lack of industry support is unlikely to attract migrant workers settling in.
Huang Ming said that broad space for development of medium and small cities and small towns, the potential is large, but the industry and the public service features also require a developmental process, insufficient capacity to attract population agglomeration. This requires strengthening policy guidance, industry and opinion leaders, speed up industrial readjustment, accelerate the development of small and medium cities, focused to the development of small cities and towns, continue to enhance the knowledge of urban industries, driven by employment promotion of population concentration, guiding force transfer employment, progressive realization of reasonable and balanced distribution of population.
To rein in large size
Huang Ming said, the differences between urban and rural areas, between regions, between cities larger, should be given reasonable lead. Municipalities, sub-provincial cities, the capital city and the eastern city of resource advantages, attract a large number of floating population gathered. These contradictions exacerbated urban general population growth and resources, environment, pollution, traffic jams and other "City" a more serious problem, loading pressure is large.
In recent years, Beijing as the representative of the mega-cities issued a number of strengthening the role of household registration policies, such as buy a car without household registration will have to pay different ages for social security, while children of floating population in an offsite location problem of college entrance examination has also been no breakthroughs, giving these non-domicile residents brought a lot of inconvenience to the city.
Working for foreign companies for nine years, has done for the senior management level, Liu Qi this year admitted to Renmin University MBA tuition up to 218,000, while he spent "huge sums" reading of the primary motivation is not to get a Beijing Hukou, but "If the chance to settle in two years, is a good thing."
Liu Qi was told she was admitted to the national people's Congress at about the same time, the Beijing Municipal human resources and Social Security Bureau of the Beijing municipal construction work team for the employer guidance on 2013 Beijing municipal employers introduce fresh graduates in Beijing: settled, graduation year undergraduates less than 24 years of age not more than 27, masters, PhD for less than 35 years old.
This message is aimed at the "Beijing municipal units" and "directive", but Liu Qi was disappointed, he felt settled in a forlorn hope.
Although Super big city of account short-term within cannot release, but Huang Ming-also said, this household registration reform is supporting for of, while to solution agricultural transfer population public of of problem, on the is to increase public service, let those temporarily also not has in city settled in conditions, or than intended to city settled in of people, also in medical health, and children education, and social security, aspects, can gradually of enjoys with local residents equal of basic public service.
"The second is the principle of classification, we're depending on the actual, adapted to local conditions to develop the city's standards, announced to the whole society, agriculture to population transfers and other residents can understand the specific conditions of each city, reasonable arrangements for their future, and give yourself a set of expectations and hopes. "Huang Ming said.
In an orderly fashion
In addition to respecting the wishes and classification, said Huang Ming, household registration in an orderly fashion, the current household registration reform involves families, relationships of the broad masses of their personal interests must be positive, safe, and more solid, we can not windy, not aggressive, can not engage in sports.
Shanghai residence permit system is an innovative, starting from July 1 this year, Shanghai residence permit the introduction of new points system, national precedent. According to the most recent residence permit points system, hold a residence permit, total score standard score 120 points of the foreign population, can enjoy the entrance education for their children, to register, social security, certificate handling, housing, basic sanitation, family planning and other public service benefits.
"Through the residence permit of the carrier, transferred to raise agricultural population resident population and other public services, as well as through residence permits, establishment of a points system, the policy settled route to provide a fair and orderly manner. "Huang Ming said.
Huang Ming said, to make the reform of household registration system to achieve tangible results, you must attach phased separation on account of the benefits. Reform of household registration system itself is not difficult, complex and is linked to a variety of interests. Must take into account the different needs of the various interests in the reform, "on the face of it, is a matter of household registration, you are actually behind the welfare of, and the nature of urban-rural disparities, regional disparities. ”
Huang Ming said that by 2020, China will establish a new household registration system, there are three important features: one is to city and countryside unified registration, second is the account moved to stable conditions to legitimate residence, legal and stable occupation for the basic conditions, a third form is registered in the usual place of residence for.
"Three characteristics that makes up our new household registration system, by that time you between urban and rural areas, between urban migration should be relatively easy. "Huang Ming said.
In order to construct the new Hukou system, next step would be to seize the Government establish and improve the urban and rural unification of China's household registration system, the system of residence permits, to establish the population coverage of the population these three important basic data system.
Source: business news
12部委调研户籍改革逐步剥离附加福利
郭晋晖
尊重意愿、分类实施、有序推进是中国未来七年户籍制度改革的基本方针，最终目标是建成一套便于劳动者自由迁徙的新型户籍制度。
公安部副部长黄明近日接受中央媒体采访时表示，公安部已会同国家发改委等12个部门在深入调查和总结各地经验的基础上，形成了《关于加快推进户籍制度改革的意见稿》，正在作进一步修改完善。目前，需要与加快户籍制度改革同步，抓紧建立和完善城乡统一的户口登记制度，实行居住证制度，逐步剥离附加在户口上的各项福利待遇。
十八届三中全会决定为户籍改革绘制了一幅路线图，即全面放开建制镇和小城市落户限制，有序开放中等城市落户限制，合理确定大城市落户条件，严格控制特大城市人口规模。
《第一财经日报》在采访中发现，小城市落户对于农民工来说并没有很大的吸引力，中等城市若缺乏产业集群也很难吸引到劳动者落户，而严格控制北京上海等特大城市的人口规模却让“漂一族”更加焦虑。这些都是下一步户籍改革必须正视的问题。
进城容易回村难
“现在我们村里很少有人愿意把户口迁出来，迁出来土地就被村里收回了。”四川籍农民工陈忠用他两口子在北京打工十多年的积蓄在老家乐山买了一套二手房。
陈忠一家四口在村里还有3亩地，以每年200元的价格租给一个村民打理，此外，他每年还可以享受到国家粮食直补的300多元。
老陈说，村里的大部分人都打工去了，土地空的多也不值钱，很多人在城里都买了房子，但没有人把户口迁走，即使撂荒也不能不要土地。
不仅是在城里有了固定居所的农民不愿意迁移户口，如今考上大学的农村户籍学生一般也不会把户口迁走。老陈的大女儿几年前考上了浙江一所大学，如今已经工作了，户口依然留在乐山农村。
党的十八届三中全会提出全面放开建制镇和小城市落户限制，但目前中国的现实是，镇和小城市的户籍对于农民来说吸引力并不大，反而是农村户口更“吃香”。
黄明表示，户籍改革的首要原则是要尊重自愿，农民要不要进城，什么时候进城，进哪一个城，都要由他自己来选择，我们不要把农民赶进城，拉进城。
按照常住人口统计，中国的城镇化率为52%，但按照户籍人口来统计，城镇化率只有35%，这17个百分点差距的背后是两亿多的农民工，他们没有实现真正意义上的城镇化。
刚刚闭幕的城镇化工作会议提出，要以人为本，推进以人为核心的城镇化，推进农业转移人口市民化是城镇化会议布置的六项任务之首。
小城镇和中小城市是农民工市民化的主战场，但若缺乏产业支撑也不可能吸引农民工落户。
黄明说，中小城市和小城镇发展空间广阔、潜力很大，但产业支撑和公共服务功能还需要一个发育的过程，吸引人口集聚的能力不足。这就需要加强政策引导、产业引导和观念引导，加快产业布局调整，加快发展中小城市，有重点地发展小城镇，增强中小城市产业承接能力，以就业带动促进人口集聚，引导人口就地就近转移就业，逐步实现人口的合理均衡分布。
严控超大城市规模
黄明说，城乡之间、地区之间、城市之间的差别较大，需要合理引导。直辖市、副省级城市、省会市和东部城市资源优势明显，吸引大量流动人口聚集。这些城市普遍人口增长与资源、环境矛盾加剧，环境污染、交通拥堵等“城市病”问题比较严重，承载压力较大。
近年来，以北京为代表的超大城市出台了多项强化户籍作用的政策，如买房买车等若无户籍需要缴纳不同年限的社保，同时，流动人口的子女异地高考的难题也一直没有突破，给这些城市无户籍的常住人口带来了诸多不便。
在外企工作九年、已经做到高级主管级别的刘奇今年考上了中国人民大学的MBA，学费高达21.8万，虽然他花“巨资”读书的主要动机并不是为了获得北京户口，但“如果两年后能够有机会落户，也是一件挺不错的事情”。
就在刘奇得知自己被人大录取的几乎同时，北京市人力资源和社会保障局向北京市属用人单位人才队伍建设工作提出的指导性意见，2013年北京市属各用人单位引进落户的应届非北京生源毕业生，毕业当年本科生不超过24岁、硕士生不超过27岁、博士生不超过35岁。
这个消息虽然针对的是“北京市属单位”且是“指导性意见”，但刘奇还是有些失望的，他觉得自己落户的希望渺茫。
虽然超大城市的户口短期内无法放开，但黄明也表示，这次户籍改革是配套进行的，一方面要解决农业转移人口市民化的问题，另一方面就是要提高公共服务，让那些暂时还不具备在城市落户条件，或者不愿意在城市落户的人，也在医疗卫生、子女教育、社会保障等方面，能逐步的享有同当地居民同等的基本公共服务。
“第二个原则是分类指导，就是我们要根据各地的实际，因地制宜地制定城市的标准，向全社会公布，让农业转移人口和其他的常住人口都能了解每个城市的具体条件，合理的安排自己的未来，给自己有一个固定的预期和希望。”黄明说。
有序推进
除了尊重意愿之外和分类指导之外，黄明还表示，户籍有序推进，这次户籍改革涉及千家万户，关系广大人民群众的切身利益，一定要积极、稳妥，而且要更加扎实，我们不能刮风，不能冒进，不能搞运动。
上海的居住证制度是一项创新，今年7月1日起，上海实行新的居住证积分制度，在全国首开先例。按照最新居住证积分制，持有居住证、总积分标准分值达到120分的外来人口，可以享受子女教育、异地高考、社会保险、证照办理、住房、基本公共卫生、计划生育等公共服务待遇。
“通过居住证这个载体，来提高对农业转移人口及其他常住人口的公共服务，还有就通过居住证，建立积分制度，来提供公平有序的落户的政策通道。”黄明说。
黄明表示，要使户籍制度改革取得实效，必须逐步剥离附加在户口上的各项福利待遇。户籍制度改革本身并不复杂，复杂的是和各种利益挂钩。改革中必须兼顾各种利益的不同诉求，“表面上看，是一个户籍问题，实际是背后的福利问题，而本质是城乡差距、区域差距问题。”
黄明说，到2020年的时候，中国将建立一套新型的户籍制度，有三个重要的特点：一就是实行城乡统一的户口登记，二是户口的迁入条件以合法稳定住所，合法稳定职业为基本条件，第三个就是以经常居住地为登记形式。
“这样三个特点，构成我们一个新型的户籍制度，到那个时候你在城乡之间、在城市之间的迁徙就应当比较容易了。”黄明说。
为了构建新型户籍制度，中国政府下一步将抓紧建立完善城乡统一的户口登记制度、居住证制度、建立覆盖全国人口的人口基础信息库这三项重要的制度。
来源：第一财经日报
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