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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/18 9:44:07 Beach transnational relocation case in Shanghai _ Sina news
Well-known multinational units together in Shanghai public concession in the lawsuit in the history of China's modern legal meaning unusual. A Chinese owners, due to the forced demolition of the public concession Industry Bureau decided to appeal in court, and won.
Shanghai Tang transnational relocation case
Text/Wang Kai
In the twenties or thirties of the 20th century, took place in Shanghai public concession in renowned transnational relocation case plaintiff was Beach the famous Green gang leader, known as "Jiang Heng of Beijing University," Gu Zhuxuan, Department of Shanghai public concession in court with them.
Gu Zhuxuan Fortune history
Information on Gu Zhuxuan early, there aren't many left. It was subsequently introduced, Gu Zhuxuan in 1881 (also said 1886) was born in Yancheng City a poor farm family, teenager from Shanghai, determined to make a living. It is said that Gu Zhuxuan Stout strapping, "strength, eating", has a good physique.
Gu Zhuxuan big face, large ears, and a pair of Rohan, was very prominent in the crowd. He pulled rickshaws to make ends meet in Shanghai. Young and in strength of his car's fast and steady, so he pulled guest than others. One Germany boss into Gu Zhuxuan, specifically for his wife's private car. Soon, Gu Zhuxuan becomes the boss's confidant. According to Gu Zhuxuan later revealed that after the outbreak of the first world war, Germany boss to return to China. Help of the boss wife's secret, Gu Zhuxuan rickshaw taxi companies under the flying at low prices, and took to the road to success.
In late Qing dynasty and early Shanghai Gang influence is very big. In order to be was basking in its roots, the men, Gu Zhuxuan visit Northern hometown, green gang "big" generation Liu Dengjie for "the old man" (master), identify themselves as "Octopus" generation. Liu Dengjie was siyang of Jiangsu people, one of Shanghai's Green gang leader, they were numerous, in zhabei, Hongkou area forces. Gu Zhuxuan Liu Dengjie backer, furthermore being a just and generous, dare to bat, popularity soaring.
After the success, in Shanghai Guang Gu Zhuxuan your protege, at the height of his disciples up to a million people. Gu Zhuxuan ranks fourth in the brothers, so followers revered him as "Quad-Daddy". According to historical records, as Gu Zhuxuan rickshaws, and therefore its followers "junior small civilian officials and army officers, a police officer, a variety of vendors, but still, the largest number of rickshaws and many rickshaw driver". Thus, Gu Zhuxuan gets "learn master" of the title.
At that time, the Shanghai automobile rarely, people rely on rickshaws. So, number of rickshaws, the rickshaw driver and a large number of nature became a force to be reckoned with. As the industry leader, Gu Zhuxuan energy as you can imagine.
Cinemas being demolished
After the success, Gu Zhuxuan has investments in many industries do, do it best is the entertainment industry.
In 1920, Gu Zhuxuan public concession in two road found a Grand Theater, named "Shanghai stage". In the twenties or thirties of the 20th century, the prevalence of Peking Opera, Mei Lanfang, the Unicorn children, Gai jiaotian, and Xun Huisheng, Yang Baosen, MA lianliang, Yu Zhenfei, a famous actor in the previous days performed Theatre stage. It is said that even sings a tune of du yuesheng has also appeared on stage here. Therefore, Fu Theatre stage, very famous at the time, smart also has "no no kakuji Fu Theatre," said.
Gu Zhuxuan "Fu Theatre stage" when the greats, but – on the Beach the famous wing on company sees in this treasured place.
Wing on in Shanghai company was founded by overseas Chinese capitalists Kuok brothers living in Australia, investing millions of Hong Kong dollars. The Kwok brothers selected on the Nanjing Road, covers an area of 8 acres of land, but the owners estate shangha of Jewish descent is leased, not sold, and Kuo's brother had to enter into lease 30, annual rent up to 50,002 silver.
On September 5, 1918 the wing on company operations in Shanghai, the company has dozens of sales, business area of more than 6,000 square meters, selling high-end goods from around the world over more than 10,000 species. In addition, the company and the subsidiary industries such as hotels, amusement park, hotel, into a shopping, eating, clothing, and shelter, play in one of the business empire.
As the business continues to expand, wing on department stores of the company's original building in Shanghai have been herded into cramped. At that time, Fu Theatre on its stage. Shanghai wing on company bosses will consult with the Ministry of concessions, intended to use Fu Theatre stage this land for the construction of a new department store. Industry profitable, it agreed with the wing on in Shanghai the company programme, go Fu Theatre stage demolition, recovery of land.
Gu Zhuxuan has this land leases and business licenses of the operating theatre stage. This deed is a giant Delphi Shanghai Huang Chujiu in early Republic of China to build new a new stage and obtained through the public concession Industry Bureau of legally binding contract. Thus, Gu Zhuxuan don't believe Industry Bureau will turn back Fu Theatre stage for any other purposes. However, things taken Gu Zhuxuan surprise. A few days later, officials sent an official document to the public concessions in Gu Zhuxuan. This signed by the industry authority, Stirling Fessenden files along the following lines:
Day Theatre Stage Theater real estate is a public concession workers all are back, and for any other purposes. 500 silver dollars issued Industry Bureau, State compensation.
Booming stage of the dilemma faced by unprovoked uncoupled, Gu Zhuxuan feel aggrieved. But flagrant and foreigners, he didn't have the guts. When Gu Zhuxuan wit, it was suggested to him, "why not ask Dicky (du yuesheng), listen to his advice? ”
Workers compensation of 100,000 yuan
Du Yue Gu Zhuxuan idea is "and their trial". Du yuesheng told Gu Zhuxuan: "Western Court renliburenren, as long as you're here, do not be afraid. However, such a case must be long, need plenty of money and determination. ”
Gu Zhuxuan stamp: "du, I'm going all out, it's gonna be so cheap wing on company, Jiangbei farming go back again! ”
"Well, now that you've got to do, then I strongly support you! Copper cash (money) thing to tell! I'll show you to see someone, he is an expert in this. "Du Yue said this case, when the Yu Qiaqing – Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce, President of the Shanghai Association of Ningbo, the international settlement workers Council at the Hua-Tung and other duties. He is dealing with foreigners, experience is very old.
Yu Qiaqing du yuesheng and Gu Zhuxuan after I had finished things, promised to help. Recommend the Yu Qiaqing, Gu Zhuxuan discretionary British lawyer Mu Ansu agents to the case.
First of all, Gu Zhuxuan United Kingdom Consulate-General in Shanghai for arbitration. Consul-General to Shanghai after the Ministry asked the events, trying to think of a way, in the hands of a few days later to get permits to Gu Zhuxuan. Approvals ambiguity to the effect that the land was originally by the industry Ministry, sold to Fu Theatre stage, but recovered, the parties may agree to price. Gu Zhuxuan if desired, industry compensation for the Earth's crust, but does not bear the loss of surface buildings. Gu Zhuxuan own buildings on the ground.
Mu Ansu stakes walk Gu Zhuxuan description, if you quit, Gu Zhuxuan will obtain land compensation payments; if you continue to play, could win the lawsuit, are likely to lose, let Gu Zhuxuan choose.
Gu Zhuxuan chose the case through to the end. Gu Zhuxuan appealed to the United Kingdom diplomatic legations. United Kingdom Minister-see at a glance the ministries Council Shuli, Earth's crust though was Ministry, but had to sell, are personal property, sanctity, Gu Zhuxuan, of course, have the right not to. Industry Council agreed in consultation with Gu Zhuxuan land reconnected the transfer, in manifest violation of. But given wing on in Shanghai the company's United Kingdom backgrounds and interests of the British, Consulate-General, Minister and then find a way to bend the rules a little and, if necessary, can be economically Gu Zhuxuan certain compensation. Like Dodger Stadium, this "lawsuit between Chinese" were kicked back to United Kingdom Consulate-General in Shanghai.
At this point, Gu Zhuxuan emboldened a growing foot. He proposed to the Ministry of his condition: "a is not moving, I did not obtain any compensation from the settlement; the other is if you really want eviction, must I built a three-storey building in the Centre of the bustling zone show gardens, or no way! ”
Industry Bureau would accept Gu Zhuxuan requirements. Gu Zhuxuan only to continue with no way back to the United Kingdom Dali Yuan file an appeal.
Eventually, the United Kingdom of Dali Gu Zhuxuan hands to the award. This award, Lee said, "Gu Zhuxuan Manager: your appeal by the Court of Final Appeal ruled that the demolition industry Bureau default is not legitimate, shall compensate for the losses of 100,000 yuan, is up to you to choose a new site, to rebuild the theatre stage. "That day, happens to be the traditional festival of the Chinese nation--the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Gu Zhuxuan sued Industry Bureau win the case, long popular with foreigners to oppress Chinese people proud of on the one hand, on the other, people have come to realize the Majesty of the law. This multinational demolition began on the beach on a case, in the history of China's modern legal meaning unusual. (Courtesy of the rule of law in the weekend)
发生在上海公共租界的一起著名跨国拆迁官司，在中国现代法律史上的意义非比寻常。一名中国业主因对公共租界工部局的强拆决定不服，与之对簿公堂，并最终获胜。
发生在上海滩的一起跨国拆迁案
文/王凯
20世纪二三十年代，发生在上海公共租界的一起著名跨国拆迁案件的原告是上海滩赫赫有名的青帮头子、人称“江北大亨”的顾竹轩，与之对簿公堂的是上海公共租界工部局。
顾竹轩的发迹史
关于顾竹轩早年的资料，目前留存不多。据其后人介绍，顾竹轩于1881年(也有1886年之说)出生在苏北盐城一户贫困农家，十几岁即到上海闯荡谋生。据说，顾竹轩粗壮魁梧，“力气大，食量过人”，有一副好身板。
顾竹轩长得大脸盘、大耳朵，一副罗汉相，在人群里很是显眼。他在上海靠拉黄包车维持生计。年纪轻、力气大的他车子拉得既快又稳，因此，他拉的客人比别人多。一位德国老板看中顾竹轩，专门让他给自己的太太拉私车。很快，顾竹轩便成为老板的亲信。据顾竹轩的后人透露，第一次世界大战爆发后，德国老板选择回国。在老板太太的暗中帮助下，顾竹轩乘机以低廉的价格盘下黄包车车行，从此走上发迹之路。
清末民初，上海滩帮会势力很大。为了能在十里洋场站稳脚跟，经人介绍，顾竹轩拜苏北同乡、青帮“大”字辈的刘登阶为“老头子”(师傅)，自己为“通”字辈。刘登阶是江苏泗阳人，上海青帮首领之一，门徒众多，在闸北、虹口一带颇有势力。顾竹轩有刘登阶做靠山，兼之为人慷慨仗义、敢打抱不平，声望日益高涨。
发迹后，顾竹轩在上海广收门生，高峰时门徒多达万余人。因顾竹轩在兄弟中排行第四，所以，徒子徒孙都尊称他为“四爹爹”。据上海地方史料记载，由于顾竹轩靠黄包车起家，故其门徒中有“低级的文职官吏、小军官、一般警察、各种商贩等，但人数最多的还是人力车行的行主及众多的人力车夫”。由此，顾竹轩得到“丐帮帮主”的称号。
当时，上海汽车还很少，市民出行主要依靠黄包车。所以，黄包车的数量很多，而人数众多的黄包车车夫自然成为一股不可小觑的力量。作为这个行业的掌门，顾竹轩的能量可想而知。
戏院面临被拆
发迹后，顾竹轩先后在很多行业做投资，做得最为出色的当属娱乐业。
1920年，顾竹轩在公共租界二马路创办一所豪华大戏院，冠名为“天蟾舞台”。20世纪二三十年代，京剧盛行，梅兰芳、麒麟童、盖叫天、荀慧生、杨宝森、马连良、俞振飞等名伶都曾在天蟾舞台献艺。据说，就连爱唱一曲儿的杜月笙也曾在这里粉墨登场。因此，天蟾舞台在当时非常有名，伶界也有“不进天蟾不成角儿”之说。
就在顾竹轩的“天蟾舞台”事业如日中天时，却摊上了大事——上海滩赫赫有名的永安公司看上这块风水宝地。
上海永安公司是由旅居澳洲的华侨资本家郭氏兄弟创办的，投资数百万元港币。郭氏兄弟选中南京路上一块占地面积为8亩多的地皮，但业主犹太裔地产商哈同只出租、不出售，郭家兄弟只好与其签订30年租约，每年租金高达5万两白银。
1918年9月5日，上海永安公司正式运营，公司下设几十个营业部，营业面积6000多平方米，经销世界各地的高档商品1万余种。除此之外，公司还兼营旅社、游乐场、酒店等附属业，成为一个集购物、吃、穿、住、玩于一体的商业王国。
随着业务的不断拓展，上海永安公司原来的百货楼已显得逼仄。当时，天蟾舞台与其毗邻。上海永安公司老板便与租界工部局协商，打算利用天蟾舞台这块地皮建造一所新的百货大楼。工部局见有利可图，就同意上海永安公司提出的方案，打算将天蟾舞台拆迁，收回地权。
顾竹轩手里有这块地的地契和经营天蟾舞台的营业执照。这份地契是上海巨商黄楚九于民国初年在此地建造新新舞台时通过公共租界工部局办理的具有法律效力的契约。因此，顾竹轩不相信工部局会出尔反尔，收回天蟾舞台另作他用。然而，事情出乎顾竹轩的意料。几天后，公共租界的官员将一纸公文送到顾竹轩家中。这份由工部局总裁费信惇签署的文件大意如下：
天蟾舞台戏院地产原属公共租界工部局所有，现收回，另作他用。工部局发给500银元，以兹补偿。
红红火火的大舞台面临无缘无故被拆的窘境，顾竹轩心有不甘。但公然和外国人斗，他又没有胆量。就在顾竹轩一筹莫展时，有人向他建议：“何不请教杜先生(杜月笙)，听听他的意见呢？”
工部局赔款十万元
杜月笙给顾竹轩出的主意是“和他们打官司”。杜月笙告诉顾竹轩：“洋人的法庭认理不认人，只要理在你这边，就不用怕。不过，打这样的官司时间一定很长，需要足够的银子和决心。”
顾竹轩一跺脚：“杜先生，我豁出去了，绝不能这样便宜永安公司，大不了再回江北种地去！”
“好，既然你有这个决心，那我就坚决支持你！铜钿(金钱)的事好讲！我这就领你去见一个人，他是这方面的行家。”杜月笙说的这个人就是虞洽卿——时任上海总商会会长、宁波旅沪同乡会会长、公共租界工部局华董等职务。他与外国人打交道，经验十分老到。
虞洽卿听杜月笙和顾竹轩讲完事情的原委后，答应帮忙。经虞洽卿推荐，顾竹轩全权委托英籍律师穆安素代理此案。
首先，顾竹轩一方向英国驻上海总领馆申请仲裁。上海总领事向工部局问明事情经过后，绞尽脑汁想了个办法，几天后将批文送到顾竹轩手里。批文模棱两可，大意是地皮原是工部局产业，虽卖给天蟾舞台使用，但现在收回，双方可协议价格。顾竹轩如果愿意，工部局可赔偿地皮款，但不承担地上建筑的损失。地面建筑物可由顾竹轩自行处理。
穆安素将其中的利害关系向顾竹轩一一说明，如果见好就收，顾竹轩会得到地皮的赔偿款；如果继续打下去，官司有可能赢，也有可能会输，让顾竹轩自己选择。
顾竹轩选择了将官司进行到底。顾竹轩上诉到英国驻华公使馆。英国公使一眼就看出此事工部局输理，地皮虽然原是工部局官产，却已经卖出，属于个人私产，神圣不可侵犯，顾竹轩当然有权不让。工部局未与顾竹轩协商就答应把地皮重新转让，明显违法。但考虑到上海永安公司的英国背景以及英国人的利益，公使让上海总领馆再想办法通融一下，必要时可在经济上给予顾竹轩一定补偿。像皮球一样，这起“华洋诉讼案”又被踢回英国驻上海总领馆。
此时，顾竹轩的底气越来越足。他向工部局提出自己的条件：“一是不迁，我也不向租界索取任何赔偿；二是如果一定要动迁，必须给我在市中心繁华地带盖一座三层楼的大戏园，否则一切免谈！”
工部局当然不会答应顾竹轩的要求。无路可退的顾竹轩只有继续向英国大理院提起上诉。
最终，英国大理院的裁决书寄到顾竹轩的手中。这份裁决书上写道：“顾竹轩经理：你的上诉经本院终审裁定，工部局违约拆迁不合法，应赔偿损失费十万元，由你择新址，重新修建天蟾舞台。”那一天，恰好是中华民族的传统节日——中秋节。
顾竹轩状告工部局胜诉一案，一方面让长期深受外国人欺压的中国老百姓扬眉吐气；另一方面，也让国人逐渐认识到法律的威严。这起当年上海滩上的跨国拆迁官司，在中国现代法律史上的意义非比寻常。(摘自《法治周末》)
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