Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/18 9:44:44 Beijing Subway deficiencies increase traffic， building speed is not new
Beijing on December 17 the Reuters new media ("Site," journalist Yang Yi Shen Guo Yujing) Li Beijing, subway fares are the lowest peak load pricing in the future, this reporter learned that, although the price adjustment may require related surveys, price hearings, and long process, but in the face of price adjustment amplitude, "over-crowding" tricks, "" demand "issues such as protection, many people still have doubts.
Transferred to a few dollars in order to regulate passenger flow?
At present, the Beijing subway network-wide implementation of 2 Yuan ticket price, not only lower than cities such as Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing and Beijing, subway fares are less than 14 years ago. In December 1999, the subway fare was adjusted to 3 Yuan in Beijing, but at the end of 2007, Beijing subway fare dropped to 2 million.
On December 13, for the further strengthening of the Office of the Beijing Municipal Government issued rail operations safety work programme announced in the window of the capital site, including "the differentiation programme developed peak fares and snagged and introduced through price leverage decentralized peak passenger flow pressure, reduce the risk large passenger flow", indicates the current national minimum Beijing Subway fares may have to be adjusted.
Transferred to a few dollars in order to regulate the flow? Early in 2010, the CPPCC member Chen Jie, Beijing suggested that each weekday morning and evening peak hours, namely from 6:30 and from 16:30, crowd to buy tickets (excluding transportation card holders crowd) raise ticket prices, as each fare from 5 to 6 Yuan, so that by means of price guide tourist shopping crowds, such as avoiding peak travel.
Reporters this week during the morning and evening peaks came to Beijing's crowded subway station, passenger structure with a "demand" commuters, rare figure of tourists and the elderly. Live Hui long Guan Mao Muzi said to reporters in Beijing, many residents in the North District, Beijing, but compared to the MTR, taxi is too expensive, usually crowded with a large block, therefore an increase in subway fares are not dispersed, "demand", so even raise prices two or three times, the role of price leverage is likely to remain limited.
Transportation expert Xu Kangming believes that develop differentiated fares during the peak programme is the future, "optional", but "hard" working people need to take the subway, subway price adjustments need to be at the peak of a detailed survey structure, improved public transport fares on the basis of the metro network is complete.
"Now some foreign cities in order to encourage travel peak, measures taken are based on the normal fares, during off-peak hours to reduce fares. "Xu Kangming said," but for the moment, we price adjustment in the first place and is not the same. ”
How many "over-crowding" tactic?
In addition to price adjustment, and whether there are other tricks for Beijing Metro "over-crowding"? Reporters interviewed a number of transportation experts, Beijing Subway faces many "deficiencies", increased traffic is indeed no small difficulty.
This reporter learned that, Beijing subway is for emergency use in the first place, all the structures and equipment are designed for operational reasons. That is why the most crowded part of Beijing Subway Line 1 line tracks through the concourse, platform, and the reason for exit routes are relatively small. Subway passenger flow under a lot of pressure, if large-scale renovation and will have a greater impact on day-to-day operations.
Experts believe that the Beijing subway line opens soon already reach the highest passenger volume, indicating that failed to take into account in the planning and design of Beijing city and the population growing so fast.
Experts said the increased passenger capacity and the efficiency of train operation was "over-crowding" approach, but are difficult to operate. In terms of capacity, you can take bus compartment capacity increases or increasing the number of trains approach. However, it has been introduced, once the subway construction plan, lines of all facilities and equipment are built on demand, build that cannot be altered, therefore need to be set aside in the construction of Beijing Metro platform, such as orbital space, this a great difficulty for many existing railway lines.
In terms of increasing the number of trains, experts say, limited by the length of the station platforms, and Beijing are using eight carriage conditions of many new lines, but as the mass transit railway is running a network, if some routes are 8 groups, some in 6 groups may result in uneven capacity, effects caused to the network as a whole.
In addition to this, passengers can further shorten the interval between trains. In this regard, said an expert on Beijing Subway company equipment Department, currently in all of Beijing Metro line, has 7 lines of actual operation is less than 3 minutes apart, Line 1 line opened more than 700 columns throughout the day, which belong to the advanced level in the world. "At present frequent signal failures, as well as the pursuit of Beijing Subway smaller intervals. ”
How to protect the "demand"?
Price reduced may be limited, "over-crowding" trick is not much, then how can we fundamentally protect travel "required"? In this regard, the expert again, from town planning in advance to resolve "out of town, sleeping, travel to work every day" dilemma.
Many industry insiders believe that mainland city squeeze caused by traffic. Dalian Wanda group, says Chairman Wang Jianlin, are found in many cities in the country that the Government only sold homes overlook ancillary facilities, causing people to sleep in the new community, to enjoy the old city business matching setting. In his view, the Beijing public work's been focused within four rings, four little employment outside, and no more service facilities.
According to the current Beijing traffic characteristics, one reason for the high pressure of Beijing Subway passenger flow, is the concentration of three-ring function within the central area, whether it is financial, commercial, including government entities are more concentrated in the region, while the settlements are more concentrated in the urban periphery, which formed the Beijing "tide" traffic flow.
According to statistics of the Beijing Subway, passing through numerous core areas such as CBD and Zhongguancun Beijing Metro Line 10 subway, passenger size of nearly 2 million passengers a day. Transportation expert Duan Liren believes that current subway construction in Beijing is fast, but the new lines from the original passenger flow between lines are not assumed relationship to each other, but is an on attracting more people to the subway.
According to the Beijing Municipal Bureau of statistics, in 2012, Beijing resident population of around 21 million people. The end of this year, Beijing also will start construction of new metro line 6. However, many people still feel, "subway train is not keeping up with the new pace of real estate". In this regard, if you really want to protect the "demand", government planners should thoroughly reflect on the problems in urban planning.
新华网北京12月17日新媒体专电 (“中国网事”记者杨毅沉 郭宇靖)全国票价最低的北京地铁未来将错峰调价，对此记者了解到，尽管调价可能还需要相关统计调查、价格听证等漫长过程，但面对调价幅度、“缓挤”招数、“刚需”保护等问题，不少人仍然心存疑虑。
调到几元才能调节客流？
目前，北京地铁全路网执行2元的单一票价，不仅低于上海、广州、南京等城市，更是低于14年前北京地铁票价。1999年12月，北京地铁票价曾一度调整为3元，但在2007年末，北京地铁票价降至2元。
12月13日，北京市政府办公厅印发的《进一步加强轨道交通运营安全的工作方案》在首都之窗网站公布，其中“制定高峰时段票价差别化方案并择机出台，通过价格杠杆分散高峰时段客流压力，降低大客流风险”的内容，预示着目前全国最低的北京地铁票价可能面临调整。
调到几元才能调节客流？早在2010年，北京市政协委员陈杰就提出，在每个工作日的早晚高峰时段，即6时30分至8时30分以及16时30分至19时，对购买车票的人群(不含持交通卡人群)提高车票价格，如每张票价提至5元至6元，以便通过价格手段引导旅游购物等人群避开高峰期出行。
记者本周以来在早晚高峰时段来到北京最挤的几个地铁站，发现乘客结构都以“刚需”的上班族为主，鲜见游客和老年人的身影。家住回龙观的北京市民毛木子对记者说，北京北部地区居民区众多，但和地铁相比，出租车太贵、公交车太堵，因此调高地铁票价基本上不会分散“刚需”，因此就算上调两三倍价格，价格杠杆的作用可能仍然有限。
交通专家徐康明认为，制定高峰时段票价差别化方案，是未来“可选项”之一，但对于“刚性”需要乘坐地铁的上班族来说，地铁价格的调整，需要在详细调查高峰期出行结构、完善公交地铁全路网票价的基础上完成。
“目前国外一些城市为了鼓励错峰出行，采取的措施是在正常票价基础上，在非高峰期时段降低票价。”徐康明说，“但从目前看，我们调价的初衷和国外是不一样的。”
还有多少“缓挤”招数？
除了调价，是否还有其他招数给北京地铁“缓挤”？记者采访了多位交通专家，发现北京地铁面临诸多“先天不足”，增加运量确实难度不小。
记者了解到，最初北京修地铁就是为了战备用的，所有的结构和设备的设计都是出于战备的考虑。这就是为什么最挤的北京地铁1号线部分轨道通过的站厅、站台，以及出口通道都比较小的原因。由于地铁客流压力很大，如果采取大规模更新改造将会对日常运营造成很大影响。
有专家认为，北京地铁多条线路开通不久就已经达到设计最高客流，表明在规划和设计上没能考虑到北京城市和人口发展会这么快。
还有专家表示，增加客车容量与列车运行的效率都是“缓挤”办法，但操作起来都有难度。在增容方面，可采取增大客车车厢容量或增加列车车厢数量的办法。然而，据介绍，一旦地铁建设规划确定，线路的所有设施、设备则都是按需来建，建成即无法改变，因此需要北京地铁在建设上预留出站台、轨道等各种空间，这对于很多既有线路来说难度也很大。
在增加列车车厢数量方面，专家认为，受到车站站台长度的限制，目前北京很多新建线路都具备使用八节车厢的条件，但由于地铁是网络运行，如果有的线路是8组、有的是6组就可能造成运力不平衡，给整个路网造成影响。
除此之外，有乘客提出能否进一步缩短列车间隔。对此，一位北京地铁公司设备部的专家表示，目前在北京地铁所有线路中，已经有7条线路的实际运营间隔小于3分钟，其中1号线全天开行列数超过700列，这在全世界都属于领先水平。“之所以目前经常发生信号故障，也是由于北京地铁追求更小的时间间隔。”
如何保护出行“刚需”？
价格调降作用可能有限，其他“缓挤”招数也并不多，那么如何能从根本上保护出行“刚需”？对此，专家再次提出，要从城市规划上预先解决“出城睡觉、进城上班”的窘境。
不少业内人士认为，国内大城市交通挤压系人为造成。大连万达集团董事长王健林就表示，国内许多城市都存在政府只卖住宅，忽视配套设施，造成人们在新建小区睡觉，到老城享受商业配套设置的情况。他认为，北京市民上班基本都集中在四环内，四环外没什么就业，也没更多服务设施。
按照目前北京的交通出行特点，北京地铁客流压力大的一个原因，是三环以内的中心城区功能过于集中，不论是金融、商业，包括政府单位多集中于这一区域，而居住区则多集中于城市外围，这就形成了北京“潮汐式”的交通流量。
根据北京地铁的统计，在途经CBD、中关村等北京众多核心区域的地铁10号线，每天有近200万人次的客运规模。交通专家段里仁认为，目前北京地铁虽然建设速度很快，但新建线路与原有线路之间的客流不是互相承担的关系，而是建一条就把更多的人吸引到地铁上来。
根据北京市统计局统计，2012年北京市常住人口接近2100万人。今年年底，北京还将新开工建设6条地铁线路。但不少市民仍然感觉，“修地铁的速度赶不上新开楼盘的速度”。对此，如果真的想保护出行“刚需”，政府规划部门应该彻底反思城市规划布局中的种种问题。
赞