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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/18 9:45:29 Chief Designer of the lunar exploration program
"A legendary beauty who flew to the Moon three" more than 200 faults on plans are useless
Chang e, fifth, relying on "small rocket" returns to Earth
China Association for science and technology held yesterday, "face to face with scientists and the media" event, lunar exploration program Chief Designer Wu Weiren said, Chang e, third and made ready to fail, defective plans for more than 200 more, until now are not used. Goddess of the Moon sample return assumed in the future fifth will face four major difficulties, have to take "small rocket" back to Earth.
To prevent risks
Failure over plans for more than 200
Wu Weiren said that China's space sector more and more confident, "resources, first Star" message soon announced a launch failure. Aerospace is a high risk business, failure is inevitable. That year United States, number of failed Soviet Lunar lot, their bells, and finally succeeded. Chang also done preparing for the worst, third, failed plans to do more than more than 200, and until now has not been used, but it must be done. If it fails, does feel under a lot of pressure, I believe that people can understand.
Investment benefit
Chang will have great commercial value
Wu Weiren said that United States Apollo project invested more than 25 billion dollars, according to the annual average measurement, about baifenzhierdaoerdianwu per cent of GDP, and China's lunar exploration program has now invested probably account for few of China's GDP, is relatively not so much.
United States Apollo program's inputs and outputs than for 1:15, technological production transferred to a civilian, transferred to other defense areas, efficiency is very high. Many children are now the fruit of Apollo. China's lunar probe engineering control technology, simulation technology, development of new computer technology, new materials, have huge commercial value after.
Beijing morning news reporter noted that in 2012, China's GDP was 51.9 trillion yuan, according to Wu Weiren "several" calculation, China's lunar exploration program input was probably tens of billions of dollars a year of magnitude scale. In fact, in recent years some mega-cities Metro, for example, cost per kilometre of the Metro more than $ 700 million to 1 billion dollars, compared with China's lunar exploration program cost is not startling.
Revealing the secrets of moon
Lander from 20 meter big pit
Carefully watch the goddess Moon live people will find that the location of the lander landed in front of a pit. Detector system Deputy Chief Designer Zhang 熇 said that through a surveillance camera captured images found right in front of the Lander has a pit, there are stones, but rather is the lander settled this land is very flat, describes autonomous obstacle avoidance of autonomous navigation function is well implemented. This pit a a dozen metres from the lander, is 20 meters in diameter, the depth is 2 m to 3 m. Subsequent visits to use the navigation path planning, you can get around the pits, will not be affected.
Follow-up action
"A legendary beauty who flew to the Moon v" facing four difficulties
It is understood that Chang is the backup of Chang e, third, fourth star. Chang after a successful third mission to become immortal, the fourth will be what kind of arrangements? In this regard, said Wu Weiren, Chang, fourth is certainly appropriate to improve, what are the specific tasks has not been determined.
According to plan, China will launch in 2017 Chang fifth Moon probes, sample returns. In other words, not only landed on the Moon, Chang-fifth, wants to bring the lunar samples returned to Earth.
Deputy Chief Designer of the launch vehicle system Liu Jianzhong said, Chang ' e fifth launch will carry larger next-generation launch vehicle, launched in Wenchang, Hainan. Return to Earth from the lunar surface, will use a specially developed Chang fifth, carrying the "small rocket".
Zhang 熇 pointed out that the present return to power plant has no formal name called "rocket", rose. After sampling to take off from the lunar surface, we should have a device, similar to this growing role with the rockets, providing on the orbit from the Moon's gravity. New technology of the lunar surface is hard to take off, now under development.
Wu Weiren said to become immortal, the fifth will face four major difficulties, the lunar orbit rendezvous and docking and lunar samples, Lunar flight, high returns. Shenzhou, Shenzhou eighth number is in the Earth orbit rendezvous and docking, Chang e, fifth to the lunar orbit rendezvous and docking, it is very difficult. Surface sampling is also difficult, now plans to visit 2 kilograms of Lunar soil, dig in, 2 meter drill, and also must be packaged.
Technology foresight
With Mars capability
Wu Weiren said that as China's implementation of the "Moon" Moon's success, after the Moon, with the ability to explore Mars. But whether detection depends on States ' financial and strategic decision-making. Now is developing the next-generation rocket, rocket thrust launched the Mars Rover is no problem.
Morning news reporter Hana
(Edit: SN094)December 18, 2013 Beijing morning post(探月工程总设计师:嫦娥3号200多故障预案没用上|总设计师|探月|嫦娥_新闻资讯
“嫦三”200多故障预案都没用上
嫦娥五号要靠“小火箭”返回地球
在昨天中国科协举行的“科学家与媒体面对面”活动上，探月工程总设计师吴伟仁透露，嫦娥三号也做了失败的准备，故障预案做了200多个，到现在一个都没有用上。未来担负月球采样返回的嫦娥五号将面临四大难点，必须带着“小火箭”返回地球。
防范风险
故障预案做了200多份
吴伟仁指出，我国航天界越来越自信了，此前“资源一号03星”发射失败的消息很快就公布了。航天是一个高风险的事业，失败在所难免。当年美国、苏联探月失败的次数很多，但他们屡败屡战，最后也成功了。嫦娥三号也做了最坏的准备，故障预案做了200多个，到现在一个都没有用上，但一定要做。如果真失败了，确实会感到压力很大，相信全国人民也能够理解。
投资效益
嫦娥将有巨大民用价值
吴伟仁介绍说，美国的阿波罗工程投入了250亿美元，按照每年平均量算，大概占GDP的百分之二到二点五，而我国探月计划现投入资金大概占我国GDP的万分之几，相对来说并不多。
美国阿波罗计划的投入和产出比为1：15左右，技术产出的成果转移到民用、转移到其他的国防领域的使用，效益很高。现在很多儿童用药都是阿波罗的成果。我国探月工程的控制技术、仿真技术、计算机技术、新研制新的材料，之后有巨大的民用价值。
北京晨报记者注意到，2012年我国GDP为51.9万亿元，如果按照吴伟仁“万分之几”来计算，我国探月计划每年的投入大概是百亿元量级的规模。实际上，以近年来国内一些特大城市修地铁为例，每公里地铁的造价就高达7亿到10亿元，相比之下，我国探月计划的成本并不算惊人。
落月揭秘
着陆器躲避20米大坑
细心观看嫦娥落月直播的人们会发现，着陆器着陆后的地点前方是有一个坑的。探测器系统副总设计师张熇介绍说，通过监视相机拍的图像发现，着陆器右前方有一个坑，还有石块，而恰恰是着陆器落脚下这块地方是非常平坦的，说明自主导航自主避障的功能很好地实现了。这个坑距离着陆器有十几米，直径是20米，深度是2至3米。此后的巡视器利用导航路径规划，可以绕开这个坑走，不会受影响。
后续动作
“嫦五”面临四大难点
据了解，嫦娥四号是嫦娥三号的备份星。嫦娥三号任务成功后，嫦娥四号将有怎样的安排？对此，吴伟仁表示，嫦娥四号肯定是要进行相应改进，具体有哪些任务尚未确定。
按照计划，我国将在2017年发射嫦娥五号月球探测器，进行采样返回。也就是说，嫦娥五号不但要降落月球，还要带着月球样品重返地球。
运载火箭系统副总设计师刘建忠介绍说，嫦娥五号发射将采用运载能力更大的新一代运载火箭，在海南文昌发射。从月面返回地球，将采用专门研制的嫦娥五号携带的“小火箭”。
张熇指出，目前这个返回的动力装置没有正式命名叫“火箭”，而是叫上升器。取样后要从月面起飞，就要有一个上升器，这个上升器的作用跟火箭类似，提供能够脱离月球的引力到达轨道上。月面起飞是很难的新技术，现在正在研制之中。
吴伟仁介绍说，嫦娥五号将面临四大困难，即月球轨道的交会对接，月面采样，月面起飞，高速返回。神舟八号、神舟九号是在地球轨道交会对接，嫦娥五号要到月球轨道进行交会对接，难度很大。月面采样也是难点，现在计划是要采2公斤月壤，要挖进去2米钻取，还必须得封装好。
技术前瞻
已具备探测火星能力
吴伟仁表示，随着我国实施“嫦娥”登月的成功，探月之后，我国具备了探测火星的能力。但是否探测，取决于国家财力的情况和战略决策。现在正在研制新一代火箭，火箭推力发射火星探测器没有问题。
晨报记者 韩娜
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