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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/18 10:10:58 Unearthed from Chengdu suspected of Bian Que school lost medical books： Bull urine cure jaundice
Old dug up the tomb of Western Han dynasty loom in guanshan nature reserve and Han Ho track
Chengdu business daily reporter Wang Sheng cub reporter Xu Jianxiao photographer Bao Tailiang
Three prescriptions
2000 years ago, Sichuan silk brocade weaving machine, confirm is the southern starting point of the Silk Road, Chengdu; 10 bamboo books, or have already lost Bian Que School of medicine. Han tombs tianhuizhen old guanshan nature reserve of significant archaeological discoveries in Chengdu after the disclosure, which has given rise to great concern.
Yesterday, the Chengdu business newspaper reporter slips identify expert Wu Jiabi, guoyi master Guo Ziguang and non-hereditary master William Hurst, Brocade, Sichuan silk brocade weaving machine expert Huang Xiuzhong, interpreting old guanshan nature reserve of significant archaeological discoveries in the Han tombs.
Medical records prescription 2000 years ago, is still in use today? Yesterday, bamboo and wooden slips of the Archaeology Department announced three prescriptions of reading the text, the 81 year-old Member of the Chinese Academy of traditional Chinese medicine for life, the first China Medical master Guo Ziguang, interpretation.
Medical master Guo Ziguang
Chinese society lifetime Member, the first China Medical master of Chinese medicine, is 81 years old.
Bamboo and wooden slips identification expert Wu Jiabi
Jingzhou slips, Director of the Institute for researchers, old guanshan Han bamboo slips unearthed from the tomb of the more than more than 920 support and more than 50 pieces of wooden slips "first reader" and take several months to complete the first reading.
A conjecture
Pulse rate is much slower
Better fitness of the ancients?
Wu Jiabi revealed that Jane pointed out in the colors Pulse: breathe a pulsating second, pulse duo finishing three times, people breathe a pulsating four times for the duo blood, breathing a pulse for less gas. Normal status is "flat". Guo Ziguang pointed out that this frequency, obviously much slower compared with the pulse of the moderns. He explained that the now a pulsating four times for the pulse, quick call number (Shuo) pulse faster "racing pulse", if slower than the four "pulse". Compared with the above documented, clear much faster. In General, pulse slower description physique better. Guo Ziguang bold conjecture, which may be related to ancient Constitution.
Prescription
Treating rheumatism "fight fire with fire"
Prescription: "citrus aurantium real four surgery II Party wind II Black beak less half Ze Xie II cattle-II to footed bi a drink Hou rice three increasingly in the, 8th good", and "citrus aurantium real four surgery party wind a Ze Xie a white Zhi a Black beak half a property cattle-a to footed bi a drink Hou rice is in the 8th", and "citrus aurantium real five cattle-a surgery a Black beak less half its party wind a Ze Xie a to footed bi a drink Hou rice Ze Xie a 樷 disease has" (from 1th, tomb unearthed of wood slips)
Translation: Wu Jiabi introduction, found wooden slips 3 prescriptions, the content is basically the same, with some fluctuations. Format of the prescription is: drug name and dosage of the medication, method, prognosis. Guo Ziguang pointed out that citrus aurantium is probably now Poncirus trifoliata, possible Qi, Xiao Zhang. Fang Feng is wind, qufeng. Ze Xie could be alisma, diuresis, diuretic. Should be of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, invigorating the spleen and dehumidification. Cattle-may be knee, for priming powder down.
Preliminary judgment, this prescription should be used to treat rheumatism. Among them, the rare "black beaks", is probably now in traditional Chinese medicine, "aconite", "monkshood", mainly used for treating rheumatism. This medicine is poisonous, before taking at least simmer for 3 hours, otherwise the aconitine poisoning may occur. "The effect is almost proportional to the toxicity and effect more obvious, its side effects, the greater".
Recipe II
Drink Bull urine cure jaundice
Prescription: "22 River heat symptom-complex, take the yellow bulls weakest (drowning), drink, drink, the urgent need. "(From Jane of the 60 HA)
Translation: Wu Jiabi explains the original meaning for, diseases treatment and heat symptom-complex WONG, just "Bull" urine "drug, drink more, better and faster. In response, Guo Ziguang pointed out, there is no recipe for using such. But the use of urine as a medicine, is not uncommon. Past, many are used to "urine", even with soaked dried cow-dung powder drink recipe, "may be related to ingredients".
Prescription III
Sichuan Pepper headache
Prescription: "eight wind: stone resin for seven minutes, Sichuan Pepper for five minutes, wind, asarum every four minutes, five points thick volume, Chen Zhuyu GUI is, ginger six minutes, rule". (From Jane of the 60 HA)
Translation: stone fat is divided into Red Rock fat and lipid peroxidation in Pak Shek Kok, for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Sichuan Pepper is used to relieve pain asarum dispelling cold pain, thick volume possible, Guido (GUI) exterior. Chen Zhuyu was Fructus evodiae, headache and stomach trouble. Preliminary inferences, which may be used in the treatment of cold and headache remedies. (-For missing characters or cannot read the characters)
Medical, Jane
5 books should be schools of Bian Que
Unearthed in medical books: except for colored pulse, with no titles. After an initial sorting, archaeological experts tentatively titled we shake it medical theory of the artery to die when the 60 feet of Jane the illnesses of the source book of the meridians of the Marquis of the pulse. In the theory of us shake in the statements frequently to "we ever say" begins.
Expert explanation: "commentators have called ' our past '. "Wu Jiabi pointed out," we shake "and" Bian Que "sounds like interchangeability is likely that Bian Que.
Wu Jiabi said that Bian Que school formed in the warring States period, prevalent in the Han dynasty, "the theory of us shake the five colors of the pulse of the Mai died when the Meridian books, such as the pulse count is and important literature for acupuncture and TCM Meridian, is a classic of Bian Que school. ”
On wooden slips
Han businessmen property hidden to be confiscated
Unearthed wooden slips: "... [Jia] no-no, ... "," ... Added to Zhu Shiqian... "
Expert interpretation: the slip "into don't take", and the historical records · stabilization book "hide not from ... ... Into the string of threading a copper coin money "does. Wu Jiabi says, "since" refers to the business property (string of threading a copper coin), hidden will be punished, with the confiscation of property of half the rewards to whistle-blowers, said, "Sue string of threading a copper coin". It is understood that at that time, "a string of threading a copper coin" and "Sue string of threading a copper coin" law implementation, greatly enhancing the financial strength of the Central Government, provide a strong guarantee for the victory of the war.
On the loom
Ancestor unearthed weaving loom machine or small bridge
Archaeological discovery: 4 sets of Sichuan silk brocade weaving machine model, it has been uphill and downhill two key components, description already Jacquard weaving machines.
Expert explanation: Brocade Professional Committee of China Arts and crafts society Adviser Huang Xiuzhong said, this tianhuizhen old Chengdu in guanshan unearthed four models of looms from the structure view, resembles dingqiao looms. According to him, Ding Qiao loom is a comprehensive multi-who were stealthily working their looms, unearthed from the see Jacquard Loom model, although there is no comprehensive social security and who were stealthily working their both parts, but due to CSSA and who were stealthily working their was made of bamboo and hemp rope easily decayed and therefore does not exclude the possibility that had decayed missing.
According to Provincial Museum of Chengdu Shu Brocade weaving, embroidery and non-hereditary master William Hurst, Brocade speculated that since the Han dynasty era looms early and even find comprehensive social security and who were stealthily working their, their number was less likely than dingqiao Heald, who were stealthily working their multiple looms, and originator of the machines probably Ding Qiao looms. Since the Han dynasty Brocade is warp Jacquard if found in the same model with loom has two colors of thread, note this loom, was not simply a loom, tapestry. According to William Hurst introduced, due to limitations in Sichuan silk brocade technology, Sichuan silk brocade pattern usually using only four colors, if you want to use more color, you will need to use small shuttles, and Han Shu Brocade is the use of conventional warp Jacquard, pattern width 5~6 cm or so.
Talk about letters
Western Han dynasty developed the Academy of Confucius will be called the "Shun"
Wooden slips unearthed from: "Xiang on worship, smell the rule of Emperor Yao [concentric not under] taught ... ..."
Expert explanation: Wu Jiabi pointed out that first column below is called "prayers", and was the correspondence program. Full of words of praise to shun, in line with the Confucian ideas. Confucius ' "worship and follow the example of forefathers ' theory or conduct Yao, Charter and military", Meng Zi's "non-Shun's Word dare in Wang Qian Chen". Confucian I "speech will be called the Shun" are fully experienced in this letter. It also reflects, Han Wudi "bachubaijia, Confucianism" strategy has been very well implemented.
Special reminder
"The ancient recipe is wonderful! "Guo Ziguang pointed out that, after 2000 years of history, unearthed in the prescription drug names and matching methods with today's medication has been very different, should not be used directly.
Bian Que unearthed from Chengdu school lost medical books including 60 prescriptions
老官山汉墓挖出西汉织机书简 追踪
成都商报记者 王圣 实习记者 徐剑萧 摄影记者 鲍泰良
三个药方
2000年前的蜀锦织机，印证成都是丝绸之路南起点；10部竹简医书，或是早已失传的扁鹊学派医术。成都天回镇老官山汉墓重大考古发现披露后，引起各方高度关注。
昨日，成都商报记者专访了简牍识读专家武家璧，国医大师郭子光和非遗传承人、织锦大师贺斌，蜀锦织机专家黄修忠，解读老官山汉墓重大考古发现。
2000年前医书记载的药方，如今是否还在使用？昨日，对考古部门公布的简牍识读文字中的三个药方，已经81岁高龄的中华中医药学会终身理事、中国首届国医大师郭子光，进行了解读。
国医大师 郭子光
中华中医药学会终身理事、中国首届国医大师，已81岁高龄。
简牍识读专家 武家璧
荆州简牍研究所所长、研究员，老官山汉墓出土的这批920余支竹简和50余片木牍的“第一读者”，花费好几个月完成初读工作。
一种猜想
脉搏慢得多
古人体质更好？
武家璧透露，在医简《五色脉诊》中曾指出：人呼吸一次脉动二次为平，脉动三次叫奪精，人呼吸一次脉动四次为奪血，呼吸一次脉动一次为少气。正常状况为“平”。郭子光指出，这一频率，与今人的脉搏相比明显慢了很多。他介绍，如今，一呼一吸脉动四次为平脉，快了叫数(shuo)脉，更快叫“疾脉”，若慢于四次叫“迟脉”。与上述记载相比，明显要快得多。一般而言，脉动越慢，说明体质越好。郭子光大胆猜想，这可能与古人体质有关。
药方一
治风湿 “以毒攻毒”
药方：“枳实四 术二 方风二 乌喙少半 泽冩二 牛□二 以方寸朼一 饮后饭 三日益中，八日善”、“枳实四 术一 方风一 泽冩一 白茝一 乌喙半一物 牛□一 以方寸朼一 饮后饭乃中八日”、“枳实五 牛□一 术一 乌喙少半其一 方风一 泽冩一以方寸朼一 饮后饭 泽冩一 樷病已”(出自1号墓出土的木牍)
解读：武家璧介绍，木牍中发现3个药方，内容基本相同，略有增减。药方的格式是：药名及用量、服药方法、预后。郭子光指出，枳实可能就是如今的枳壳，可行气、消胀。方风可能是如今的防风，用于祛风。泽冩可能是泽泻，用于利水、利尿。术应是白术，健脾、除湿。牛□可能是牛膝，用于引药下行。
初步判断，这个药方应当是用于治疗风湿病的。其中，用量极少的“乌喙”，可能就是如今中药中的“乌头”“附子”，主要用于治风湿。这种药有毒，服用前至少要熬3个小时，否则可能出现乌头碱中毒。“药效几乎与毒性成正比，药效越明显，其副作用越大”。
药方二
喝公牛尿治黄疸病
药方：“廿二治黄瘅，取黄牡牛弱(溺)饮之，能多饮之，亟已。”(出自医简《六十病方》)
解读：武家璧解释原文意思为，治黄瘅病，只用“公牛尿”一味药，喝得越多，病好得越快。对此，郭子光指出，现在已经没有使用这样的药方。但使用尿液作为药物，并不鲜见。以往，不少病都会用到“童子尿”，甚至还有过泡干牛粪粉末饮用的药方，“可能与其中的成分有关”。
药方三
蜀椒治头痛
药方：“八 治风：石脂七分，蜀椒五分，方风、细辛各四分，厚柎五分，陈朱臾一分，圭十分，薑六分，皆冶合”。(出自医简《六十病方》)
解读：石脂分为赤石脂和白石脂，多用于治疗肠胃病。蜀椒用于止痛，细辛祛寒止痛，厚柎可行气，圭(桂)解表。陈朱臾可能是吴茱萸，可治头痛和胃病。初步推断，这可能是用于治疗偏寒的头痛的药方。(□为缺字或暂不能识读的字)
谈医简
5部医书应属扁鹊学派
出土医书：除《五色脉诊》之外，都没有书名。经初步整理，考古专家将其暂定名为《敝昔医论》《脉死侯》《六十病方》《尺简》《病源》《经脉书》《诸病症侯》《脉数》。在《敝昔医论》中，语句频频以“敝昔说”开篇。
专家解读：“论者的名字叫‘敝昔’。”武家璧指出，“敝昔”与“扁鹊”同音通假，可能就是指扁鹊。
武家璧说，扁鹊学派形成于战国时期，盛行于两汉，“《敝昔医论》《五色脉诊》《脉死侯》《经脉书》《脉数》等是中医经络学和针灸术的重要文献，应是扁鹊学派的经典。”
谈木牍
西汉工商业者自报财产 隐匿者要被没收
出土木牍：“… [贾]皆没以□不占，县…”“…皆益加朱十钱以均之…”
专家解读：牍文“皆没入所不占”，与《史记·平准书》“匿不自占……没入缗钱”非常符合。武家璧说，“自占”是指工商业者自报财产(缗钱)，隐匿者将受到惩处，以罚没财产的一半奖励给告发者，称“告缗”。据了解，当时“算缗”与“告缗”法的实行，大大增强了中央政府的财政实力，为战争胜利提供了有力保障。
谈织机
出土织机模型或是丁桥织机鼻祖
考古发现：4台蜀锦织机模型，上面已有上山和下山两个关键部件，说明织机已经可以提花了。
专家解读：中国工艺美术学会织锦专业委员会顾问黄修忠说，此次在成都天回镇老官山出土的四台织机模型从形制上看，酷似丁桥织机。据他介绍，丁桥织机是一种多综多蹑的织机，此次出土的织机模型上虽然没有看到用以提花的综和蹑这两个部件，但由于综和蹑都是竹和麻绳制成，很容易腐朽，因此不排除已经腐朽不见的可能性。
据成都市蜀锦织绣博物馆的省级非遗传承人、织锦大师贺斌推测，由于汉代织机年代较早，即使发现综和蹑，其数量也不太可能比丁桥织机的综、蹑多，而这种机器很可能是丁桥织机的鼻祖。而由于汉代的织锦是经线提花，如果在同一具织机模型上发现了两种颜色的丝线，即可说明这部织机已经不是单纯的织布机，而是织锦机了。据贺斌介绍，由于蜀锦工艺的限制，蜀锦花纹通常只采用四种颜色，如果要使用更多的颜色则需要用到小梭，而汉代蜀锦是采用传统的经线提花，花纹的宽度一般在5~6厘米左右。
谈书信
西汉儒术发达 言必称“尧舜”
出土木牍：“再拜上襄，闻尧舜之治天[下同心不]同教……”
专家解读：武家璧指出，首列顶格称“再拜上”，是当时书信的一般程式。内容对尧舜充满歌颂之词，符合儒家思想。孔子“祖述尧舜，宪章文武”，孟子“非尧舜之言，不敢陈于王前”。儒家后学“言必称尧舜”，在这封书信中得到了充分体验。这也反映出，汉武帝“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”的方略，得到了很好的贯彻。
特别提醒
“古人的药方很妙！”郭子光指出，经过2000年的历史，此次出土的药方，药物的名字和搭配方法与如今的用药已大为不同，不宜直接使用。
成都出土扁鹊学派失传医书 包括60条药方
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