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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/22 18:49:44 Association fees as a frequent phenomenon， known as “second Government“
Xinhua, December 21 in Harbin? Question: how to keep "membership fees, chaotic, and not as" industry association?
Xinhua reporter Wang Jiandu
In November, Jinan City, 28 "paralysis" Association was withdrawn in August, Shanghai gold jewellery industry associations and 5 gold shop was fined millions of dollars for monopoly in March, Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang province motor vehicle drivers associations to collect money on behalf of members from points rectification ... ...
Establishing a modern governance system, growth and development of social organizations is indispensable. However, some industry association and Chamber of Commerce in constraints, lack of leadership, "receive contributions, as, not as" frequent. How the mind is known as "second Government" industry association?
Association "membership fees, chaotic, and not as"
In November, the cotton textile industry association, Jinan, Shandong Civil Affairs Bureau to include Jinan, Jinan City ceramic Association, 28 community groups to quash a decision on registration. It is reported that these associations were revoked due to inactivity, without a fixed office space, no staff management.
In August this year, due to too many organizations agree on gold "associations", Shanghai gold jewellery trade association and Lao Feng Xiang 5 gold shop was fined 1059. 370,000 yuan. Resource or price manipulation, Shanghai gold jewellery trade association is not the first.
In August, the State administration for industry and Commerce published in 12 cases of monopolies, and 9 on the monopoly in the Association Agreement, covers all cases three-fourths. "The monopolization of the Association" across 8 provinces, such as Jiangsu, Jiangxi, and Hunan, involving building materials, engineering testing, used cars, insurance, tourism and other industries.
Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang province motor vehicle drivers ' Association was found carefully, its phone number and same advisory number at the front desk of the municipal public security traffic police detachment. According to Heilongjiang province, civil society organizations, Deputy Director Sun Jiantai introduction, the Association through the collection of contributions, not only for the members to pay the fine, could waive the offense. So, the Association sector income-generating "machines".
"With the transformation of government functions, social organizations began to undertake the transfer of government functions, certain industry association acts as a ' Government ' role. "Wang Aili said Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of social sciences, sociology Institute, the Trade Association has highlighted the" receipt of contributions, chaotic Act or omission ".
"Anchored" to the "political will, regardless of" "Chamber of Commerce, regardless"
According to statistics, by the end of 2012, community organizations 2 total business and services in China. 70,000, an increase of about 8. 6%. As commercial approval process significantly simplified, the Trade Association of third-party self-regulatory role is becoming increasingly important. However, industry associations in the development of their year, "without distinction", "Chamber of Commerce regardless of" supervisory blind spot already exists.
Zhang 弢, Vice President of Shanghai overseas economic foundation believes that China's long-term social groups who charge "anchored". Existing association still exists geographical sources of protection of colors is obvious, and supervision of Department personnel, "hanging on" feature. Sun Jian was too believes that some associations exist "regardless of the constitutional" issues, certain associations acting as "two Governments ' role.
Jade Li Weihan, Vice President of professional Committee of China Arts and crafts society said that under the existing system, some industry associations location was not clear, unsound rules of its own development, relying too heavily on Government support, most industry associations to exist in a non-market-oriented way, individual associations to consider how income-generating and laid-back style.
Association of undue interference, often severely damaged market order. Beijing zhongyin law firm Xu Yuping believes that, although the maximum annual sales of 10% on anti-monopoly law fines, but the provisions prohibiting monopoly agreements acts of the administrative authority for industry and commerce, industry associations, applicable maximum penalty amount be limited to 500,000 dollars, "is tantamount to having the Association responsible: reducing illegal costs. ”
Development of trade association needs nurturing and supervision of both
Preventing the Association Act, omission, experts believe that the need to speed up the political and social separation, clearly specified powers and responsibilities, terms of self-government according to law reform. With the accelerated pace of development of industry associations, the mechanism of restraint and supervision needs to be in place.
Fudan University, Zhang Hui Ming Enterprise Institute believes that needs vigilance association involved in the business of sexual tendencies. Part of the Association "calling on departments ' mother-in-law ', market players can be controlled under; discipline the organizers and participants in the business", which you need to effectively promote decoupling of services of social bodies and administrations for industry and commerce.
Zhang 弢 said the Association of current sources of funding include membership dues, donations and a small amount of subsidy. Part of the Guild financial difficulties, link with the competent authorities at the same time, need to accelerate the implementation of the system of government purchasing services through government purchases of "blood transfusion" to reduce its reliance on big business.
"In the long run, should speed up the introduction of the industry association Chamber of Commerce Act, operate in a system to ensure standardization Association. "Wang Aili said, in terms of self-government according to law, focusing on the activities of industry associations, trade associations, interest, maintenance, contributions received, membership services and purchase of service evaluation system of scientific legal provisions.
Experts also recommended that increased SME trade associations the right to speak and the right to vote, to prevent "tailor-made" type of industry standards. To which Guild to do the necessary consolidation of the tendency to foster normalization of trans-regional, inter-trade bodies.
新华网哈尔滨12月21日专电？ 题：如何管好“收会费、乱作为、不作为”的行业协会？
新华社记者 王建 杜放
今年11月，济南市28家“瘫痪”协会被撤销；8月，上海黄金饰品行业协会及5家金店因垄断被罚上千万元；3月，黑龙江省牡丹江机动车驾驶人协会敛财代会员免除扣分被整改……
建立现代化的国家治理体系，社会组织的发育和发展不可或缺。然而，部分行业协会商会在行为约束、领导能力方面欠缺，“收会费、乱作为、不作为”频发。该如何管好被誉为“二政府”的行业协会？
行业协会“收会费、乱作为、不作为”
11月，山东省济南市民政局对包括济南市棉纺织行业协会、济南市陶瓷协会在内的28家社会团体做出撤销登记的决定。据悉，这些协会被撤销的原因是无活动开展、无固定办公场所、无工作人员管理。
今年8月，因多次组织商定黄金“协会价”，上海黄金饰品行业协会和老凤祥等5家金店被罚1059．37万元。进行资源或价格的操控，上海黄金饰品行业协会并非第一家。
8月，国家工商总局发布12起垄断案例中，有9起是行业协会组织达成的垄断协议，占全部案件的3／4。“协会垄断案”地跨江苏、江西、湖南等8省市，涉及建材、工程检测、二手车、保险、旅游等行业。
黑龙江省牡丹江机动车驾驶人协会被细心人发现，其电话号码与该市公安交警支队咨询服务台的号码一模一样。据黑龙江省民间组织管理局副局长孙俭太介绍，该协会通过收取会费，不仅为会员交罚款，还能免除扣分。如此，协会成为相关部门创收的“机器”。
“随着政府职能的转变，社会组织开始承接政府职能的转移，某些行业协会确实充当着‘二政府’角色。”黑龙江省社科院社会学研究所所长王爱丽说，行业协会已凸显“收会费、乱作为、不作为”现象。
“挂靠制”致“政会不分”“商会不分”
据统计，截至2012年末，我国共有工商服务业类社会团体2．7万个，同比增加约8．6％。随着商事审批程序大幅简化，行业协会的第三方自律角色愈发重要。然而行业协会在自身发展中，“政会不分”“商会不分”倾向已存在监管盲点。
上海市海外经济促进会副会长张弢认为，我国长期对社会团体实施主管单位“挂靠制”。现有协会依然存在地域保护色彩明显、与监管部门人员来源“藕断丝连”的特征。孙俭太认为，部分协会存在“政会不分”问题，某些协会充当“二政府’角色。
中国工艺美术学会玉文化专业委员会副会长李维翰说，在现有体制下，某些行业协会定位不清晰，自身发展规章不健全，过于依赖政府的支持，目前大多数行业协会以一种非市场化的方式存在，个别协会只考虑如何创收，并有懒散作风。
行业协会不当干预，往往严重损害市场秩序。北京中银律师事务所律师徐玉平认为，尽管按反垄断法最高可处上年度销售额10％罚款，但在《工商行政管理机关禁止垄断协议行为的规定》中，行业协会适用的最高罚额限定为50万元，“无异于让协会担责就能减少违法成本。”
行业协会发展需培育与监管并重
防止行业协会乱作为、不作为，专家认为需加快政社分开、权责明确、依法自治等方面改革。随着行业协会的发展速度加快，相应的约束和监管机制有待就位。
复旦大学企业研究所所长张晖明认为，需警惕行业协会参与经营性业务的倾向。部分协会“上有挂靠部门做‘婆婆’，下可控制市场主体；既是自律组织者，又是经营参与者”，这就需要切实推动工商服务类社会团体与行政机构脱钩。
张弢透露，目前协会经费来源主要包括会费、捐款及少量补贴。部分行业协会经费困难，与主管部门脱钩同时，需加快落实政府购买服务制度，通过政府购买“输血”，减少对大企业的依赖。
“从长期来看，应加快出台《行业协会商会法》，以制度来保证社团法人规范化运作。”王爱丽说，在依法自治方面，可重点对行业协会、商会的活动开展、利益维护、会费收取、会员服务及购买服务的评价体系做科学合法的规定。
专家还建议，增加中小企业在行业协会中发言权和投票权，防止“量身定做”式的行业标准出台。对存在散滥倾向的行业协会可做必要整合，培育跨地域、跨行业的规范化机构。
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