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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/22 18:51:14 Delaying retirement the country still without a timetable， only in the early discussion
Delaying retirement the country still without a timetable
Shanghai starting in 2011, pilots have the status of professional and technical positions, such as flexible delay retired
Suo Hanxue
The CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensive reform decision made to "develop progressively delaying retirement age policies" have aroused great concern in the community.
Although Shanghai has been piloting this work important cities, but the China Business Journal reporter was informed that the delaying retirement in the country there is still no precise "timetable".
Shanghai pilot are of delaying retirement, but one Department for delaying retirement time point has no real definition.
Starting in 2011, Shanghai has launched a delaying retirement of pilots. According to the regulations, "to participate in the city's urban pension insurance companies with specialized technical qualifications in personnel, technicians and senior technicians skilled personnel and enterprise needs flexible delay of other persons can retire. ”
Postponing retirement is only an early discussion
Now is not a good time for ordinary workers delay retirement, or to force the groups to the fragile state. To make their skills upgrading through training, to enhance their employability.
Shanghai took the lead in the implementation of flexible delay the claim the basic old-age pension formalities and release on trial, under delayed age males less than 65 years of age, females less than 60 years of age. It is understood that Shanghai was the first city entered the aging society.
However, this pilot did not promote the country postponing retirement policy as a whole.
Who have participated in the discussion to people delaying retirement, DESA who revealed to reporters that "all discussions about postponing retirement, just in its infancy. "The so-called early," is the exchange of views, yet to achieve the level of policy formulation. ”
Delaying retirement for the community's conflict with the College student employment pressure, "has not been carried out to discuss the level of address. "In addition, the person is not optimistic about the possibility of delaying retirement policy shortly. "Seen from the discussion process, from the more distant. ”
Recently, people social Department Deputy Minister Hu Xiaoyi said: progressive type delay retired age has three aspects content: first is has a notice period, ahead of years told social; second to points steps, from now provides of retired age minimum of groups began, from human resources alternative elastic coefficient low of groups began, gradually extended to various groups; third, to "Mai step", to "a years improve several months" such of way, a step a step to, with more long of a time gradually completed smooth transition.
Point in time for delaying retirement, CAI Fang, a Director of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of population and labor economics believes that "within a couple of years at least, to make ordinary workers are delaying retirement, bad things occur. ”
"Western countries not only average education to implement a delayed retirement age higher than ours, they is also more balanced in all ages, so until after labour shortages in these countries, you can work longer hours, delaying retirement, human capital, minimum levels of education and more than 20 years of age are the same. While China is not the same. "Mr CAI said.
After investigation, CAI Fang, found that the older, Chinese labour are less educated. For city people, their lack of competitiveness in the market, is not welcomed by the job market. Now is not a good time for ordinary workers delay retirement, or to force the groups to the fragile state. To make their skills upgrading through training, to enhance their employability.
In addition, other sets of data on the current employment situation in China. "The labour force participation rate, 35 to 44 years of age, rate of 86% per cent, to 45 to 55 years old when, less than 70%, only 20% a little over 55 per cent of the workforce, if retirement ages, not enterprise really want them, so they are in a vulnerable position in the labour market. "Mr CAI said.
"Cannot be delayed retirement at the core, is close to human capital sufficient to re-employment of retired personnel. We should wait for a new generation of more highly educated workforce reaches retirement age, for delaying retirement policy. ”
Comprehensive test phase
The reason for reluctance to delay retirement, "social security reasons, there is also the treatment, and many other reasons. ”
Delaying retirement a comprehensive theory of heat, acts of governmental agencies is very active.
Formed policy of delaying retirement is premature, but members of the Department have been involved in discussions on postponing retirement, told reporters, "If policy needs and national development and Reform Commission, Ministry of education, the Federation and other related departments to coordinate. ”
This year, all subordinate research agency had sent an investigation team visited several provinces, including Yunnan, mainly in labor-intensive businesses such as industrial zone, questionnaire surveys. Questionnaire name of "workers ' economic rights and retirement intentions survey questionnaire".
Used together with the research business including the Yunnan pharmaceutical factory in Kunming high-tech development zone of the more well-known enterprises. Tongfeng pharmaceutical industry participated in the seminar and questionnaire survey to reporters, "said at the seminar, we speak also has been very positive, for delaying retirement this thing opposition is large. ”
In other businesses, the research group has also issued some questionnaires, "there are dozens of questionnaires, sheets are at different positions of trade unions are involved in the investigation. "These people," said at and questionnaire results I see, did not agree with postponing retirement accounted for the vast majority of replies. "The person was involved in sending and receiving the questionnaire.
One person work for subordinate districts and counties in Beijing, told reporters recently in the area to "encourage", "left early," document issued in June 2013, of lines of communication with the internal documents, are not publicly released. "Its content is mainly aimed at civil servants, took the form of a voluntary, over the age of 55 the District Government civil servants, can retire. "These people," said Exchange provided that the advance left on staff salaries and entitlements, increased by one level. ”
In response to these developments and contradictions, delayed retirement, "we don't have specific discussions on these issues. "Those who have been involved in discussions on delaying retirement, told reporters.
延迟退休全国推行仍无时间表
上海自2011年起试点具有专业技术职务资格等人员柔性延迟退休
索寒雪
《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出，要“研究制定渐进式延迟退休年龄政策”，引起了社会各界极大关注。
尽管上海已经成为试点此项工作的重要城市，但是《中国经营报》记者获悉，延迟退休在全国推行目前仍无确切的“时间表”。
上海延迟退休试点正在展开，但是人社部针对延迟退休的时间点还没有真正界定。
从2011年起，上海就已经展开了延迟退休的试点。根据规定，“参加本市城镇养老保险的企业中具有专业技术职务资格人员，具有技师、高级技师证书的技能人员和企业需要的其他人员均可柔性延迟退休。”
延迟退休仅处于讨论初期
目前不是普通职工延迟退休的好时机，否则会把这个群体推向脆弱的地步。要通过培训使得他们的技能更新换代，提高就业能力。
上海率先实施柔性延迟办理申领基本养老金手续，并发布有关试行意见，规定延迟年龄男性一般不超过65周岁，女性一般不超过60周岁。据了解，上海是最早进入老龄化社会的城市。
但是，这一试点并没有推进全国整体延迟退休的政策。
曾经参与人社部延迟退休问题讨论的人士向记者透露，“所有关于延迟退休的讨论，仅仅处于初期。”所谓初期，“就是互相交换了一下意见，还没有达到制订政策的层面。”
而针对社会上延迟退休与大学生就业压力问题之间的矛盾，“还没有进行到讨论解决的层面。”此外，该人士并不看好短期内就推行延迟退休政策的可能性。“从讨论进程看，距离还比较远。”
不久前，人社部副部长胡晓义表示：渐进式延迟退休年龄有三方面内容：第一是有一个预告期，提前几年告知社会；第二要分步骤，从现在规定的退休年龄最低的群体开始，从人力资源替代弹性系数低的群体开始，逐步扩展到各类群体；第三，要“迈小步”，以“一年提高几个月”这样的方式，一步一步来，用较长的一段时间逐步完成平滑过渡。
对于延迟退休展开的时间点，中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所所长蔡昉认为，“至少几年之内，要让普通工人延迟退休，会出现糟糕的情况。”
“推行延迟退休的西方国家不仅平均受教育年限比我们高，他们在各个年龄段中也是比较均衡的，所以到这些国家劳动力不足以后，可以延长工作时间，延缓退休，人力资本、教育水平至少和20多岁的人是一样的。而中国是不一样的。”蔡昉表示。
经过调研，蔡昉发现：年龄越大，中国劳动力受教育程度越低。对于城市困难人群而言，他们在市场中缺乏竞争力，并不受到就业市场的欢迎。目前不是普通职工延迟退休的好时机，否则会把这个群体推向脆弱的地步。要通过培训使得他们的技能更新换代，提高就业能力。
此外，另一组数据也说明了目前中国劳动力就业情况。“劳动的参业率，35岁到44岁的时候，参业率达到86%，到了45岁到55岁的时候，不到70%，55岁以上的劳动力只有20%多一点儿，如果这时候延长退休年龄，没有企业真心希望留他们，因此他们处在劳动力市场脆弱的地位。”蔡昉表示。
“目前不能延迟退休的核心，是临近退休的人员人力资本不足以再就业。我们应该等新一代的受教育程度更高的劳动力达到退休年龄时，再实行延迟退休的政策。”
全面试探期
对于不愿延迟退休的原因，“有社会保险的原因，也有企业待遇等多方面原因。”
在延迟退休的全面热论中，政府机构的行为显得十分主动。
虽然形成延迟退休的政策尚早，但是人社部曾经参与延迟退休问题讨论的人士向记者表示，“如果制订政策也需要与国家发改委、教育部、全国总工会等相关部门进行协调。”
今年，全总下属研究机构曾派调研组走访了包括云南在内的几个省份，主要在工业开发区等劳动密集型的企业中，发放问卷进行调研。问卷名称为“职工劳动经济权益与退休意愿调查问卷”。
曾经配合调研的企业包括云南同丰药业有限公司等在昆明高新开发区内部比较知名的企业。同丰药业参与研讨和问卷调查的人士向记者表示，“在研讨会上，大家发言还是非常积极的，对延迟退休这件事情，反对呼声很大。”
调研组在其他企业中也发放了一些问卷，“有几十张问卷，处在不同岗位上的职工都参与了答卷调查。”上述人士透露，“在我看到的问卷结果中，不同意延迟退休的答复占了绝大多数。”该人士参与了收发问卷的工作。
一位在北京下属某区县工作的人士向记者表示，最近在该区“鼓励”“提前离岗”的文件是在2013年6月下发、以内部文件进行上下级传达的，未公开发布。“其内容主要是针对政府公务员，采取自愿的形式，55岁以上该区政府公务员，可以提前退休。”上述人士透露，“与其兑换的条件是，提前离岗人员可以在工资级别和待遇上，上升一个级别。”
针对上述情况与延迟退休问题间的矛盾，“我们还没有针对这些问题展开具体讨论。”曾参与延迟退休问题讨论的人士向记者表示。
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