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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/24 8:44:18 Judge selection system will be carried out on a larger scale
Judge selection, or on a larger scale expansion
Zhang Youyi
Website yesterday published the article by Zhou Qiang, President of the Supreme Court said that to improve recruiting and selection system of judges, exploring from ordinary civil service appointment, promotion, evaluation, remuneration, disciplinary system, explore establishment of Justice characterized the judge's salary, pension and other allowances subsidy system, advance the judges ' job security.
18 decision after the publication of the third plenary session, with emphasis on lower over the vertical management is pushing forward the reform of the Court. In this context, recruiting and selection system of judges as courts and judges to place the matching requirements, administrative reform, will also be on the agenda.
Judge selection of two major obstacles
Back in 2007, the Supreme Court considered the judge selection procedures (trial implementation), but has so far failed to land on the ground.
Supreme Court official had said earlier in an interview with reporters, according to the practice and the system design, when the Court is vacant, and staff from within the Department in line with the working conditions of judges in the selection or selection from the subordinate courts calibre, or for the community to meet the judges of people exposed in the selection.
Some District Court has also started on a trial basis for the selection of judges of the court system in the country, but then a number of questions, of which the most important are the two: one is the loss of exacerbating economic developed area a fine judge; that the judges of the civil service status prevented the judge flows.
At that time, the investigative journalist matches the case of the above two issues: a relatively backward counties in Shandong province primary court judges as civil servants as a regular staff member after selection, will be transferred to a capital city intermediate people's Court in Northeast China to serve as judges, but eventually obstacles were, the judges of the administrative levels of Office cadres.
Above the head of the Supreme Court, to solve the problem of loss calibre in economically underdeveloped areas must establish wage system adapt to the characteristics of the judicial profession judge, judge income should be the same for the same level, judge of the East and reduce or completely eliminate income disparity, which is stable, the Western Court of important measures. Special allowances of judges and to build up hard, and take measures to ensure that the special allowances are paid.
Currently promoting the reform of courts below the provincial level over the vertical and still suffer because the provinces economy level, judges at the same level of treatment will vary. How to overcome this contradiction, also prevent judges from economically developed areas in the selection of the future flow of important topics.
Head above also believes that the Court of final barrier is to safeguard social justice, shoulder heavy responsibilities of judges, trial heavy workload, their earnings should be higher than the civil service.
Ways to get lawyers to become judges
According to the Shenzhen economic daily reported, Shenzhen mechanism on reform initiatives in the justice system, an important component is judge selection mechanism to explore the establishment of an open, get through judges and legal professionals, such as lawyers, law teachers channel to absorb more legal minds to the judges. April 2014 to may will develop specific measures for judge selection, selection of basic eligibility and conditions set in designing a public-oriented procedures and method of selection of judges.
For the person in charge of the all China Lawyers Association, the Association is exploring the establishment of good counsel branded appointed senior judge, Procurator system.
In 2012 the "two sessions" that Xiang jianhai, NPC deputies put forward "from good lawyers with the appointment of judges, the Prosecutor's recommendations" motion.
Zhihou, back by the Supreme Court, from lawyers in the selection of judges, the Supreme Court had tried many times, and has been strongly supported by the national people's Congress, the Central Organization Department, legal and institutional obstacles have been cleared, lawyers do not need to pass the civil service exam to enter the Court. But the actual results are unsatisfactory, group size and quality, and was eventually elected as the number of judges are far short of the expected target.
According to the reporter, elected members from the University legal scholars and outstanding lawyers design practices early and pilot implementation.
Above the head of the Supreme Court, lawyer unidirectional flows to the judicial profession, is an important question involving the judge selection system. Judging from a long-term vision, judge of the superior court should be established primarily from lower court judges elected, elected judges from lawyers in General an ideal system. But in the current situation, due to historical, economic, social status and other factors influence, judges reserve the legal profession as a whole as the idea is unrealistic.
Taking practical steps to improve the quality of judges are: in strict adherence to the provisions of the Judges Act judges elected terms on the basis of their departmental protectionism, expand the scope of judges elected, attracting outstanding legal talent to the public, with a focus on the best lawyers and legal scholars as fit and complement the judicial profession of, and gradually raise the proportion of elected.
And the selection of judges to be carried out on a larger scale, to get rid of the current judges to sit for the national judicial examination, have to take part in the national civil service examinations. This is for judges and court administration a top priority, and also differs from ordinary civil service reform of the system of appointment, promotion, and so one.
法官遴选或在更大范围展开
张有义
最高法院网站上昨日刊发院长周强的文章称，要完善法官招录和遴选制度，探索建立有别于普通公务员的选任、晋升、考评、薪酬、惩戒等制度，探索建立适合司法工作特点的法官工资、退休和其他津补贴制度，推进法官职业保障。
十八届三中全会决定公布后，以省级以下人财物垂直管理为重点的法院体制改革正在推进之中。在这一背景下，法官的招录和遴选制度作为法院和法官去地方化、去行政化等改革的配套规定，也势必会被提上议事日程。
法官遴选的两大障碍
早在2007年，最高法院就酝酿出台《法官遴选办法(试行)》，但至今未能落地。
最高法院有关负责人曾在接受记者采访时表示，根据实践和当时的制度设计，当法院法官职位出现空缺时，可以从本院符合法官任职条件的人员中遴选，或者从下级人民法院优秀法官中遴选，也可以面向社会符合法官任职条件的人员中公开遴选。
部分地方法院当时也已开始试行面向全国法院系统遴选法官的方式，但随后引来诸多质疑，其中最重要的两条是：一是将加剧经济不发达地区优秀法官的流失；二是法官的公务员身份阻碍了法官流动。
当时，记者调查的典型案例吻合了上面的两个问题：山东某相对落后县基层法院法官的公务员身份为普通科员，经过遴选，将调任东北某省会城市中级法院担任法官，但最终的障碍是，该中院的法官行政级别需要正处级干部。
最高法院上述负责人认为，要解决经济不发达地区优秀法官流失的问题，必须建立适应法官职业特点的法官工资制度，同一等级的法官收入应当相同，缩小或完全消除东西部法官的收入差距，这是稳定中、西部法院队伍的重要措施。另一方面要建立艰苦地区法官特殊津贴，并采取措施确保特殊津贴按时足额发放。
目前推进的法院省以下人财物垂直改革，也仍然会遭遇因为省份经济水平不一，同一级别法官待遇也会不同的局面。如何克服这一矛盾，也成为未来遴选中防止法官向经济发达地区流动的重要课题。
上述负责人还认为，法院的审判工作是保障社会公正的最后一道屏障，法官担负的责任重大，审判任务繁重，其收入应当高于国家公务员。
打通律师成为法官的途径
据《深圳商报》报道，深圳在司法体制机制改革专项行动上，一项重要内容是探索建立开放的法官遴选机制，打通法官与律师、法学教师等法律工作者的通道，吸纳更多的法律精英进入法官队伍。2014年4月~6月将制定具体的法官遴选办法，设定遴选的基本资格和条件，设计一套面向社会公开遴选法官的程序和方法。
据中华全国律师协会有关负责人介绍，该协会正在探索建立优秀律师通过考核转任中高级法官、检察官制度。
2012年“两会”上，人大代表相建海即提出了“关于从优秀资深律师中选任法官、检察官的建议”的议案。
之后，最高法院回复称，从律师中遴选法官，最高法院曾进行多次尝试，并得到了全国人大、中央组织部的大力支持，在法律和制度上的障碍都得以清除，律师不需要通过公务员考试即可进入法院。但实际效果并不理想，报名人数和质量以及最终被选任为法官的人数都远远没有达到预期的目标。
据记者了解，从高校法律学者和优秀律师中选任法官的做法早有设计和试点执行。
最高法院的上述负责人认为，律师向法官职业的单向流动，是涉及法官遴选制度的重要问题。从长远的设想来看，应当建立上级法院的法官主要从下级法院法官中选任，法官一般从律师中选任的理想制度。但在目前的形势下，由于历史传统、经济、社会地位等因素的影响，把整个律师行业作为法官后备军的想法是不切实际的。
因此，务实地提高法官素质的做法是：在严格坚持《法官法》规定的法官选任条件的基础上，摒弃部门保护主义，扩大法官的选任范围，向社会吸纳优秀法律人才，重点把优秀律师和法律学者作为补充法官职业的人选，并逐步提高选任的比例。
而法官遴选要能够在更大范围内开展，还要摆脱目前法官既要参加国家司法考试，又要参加国家公务员考试的局面。这是法官和法院去行政化的重中之重，也是建立有别于普通公务员的选任、晋升等制度的改革方向之一。
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