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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/24 8:46:26 Reports in China’s compulsory education lasts four uneven
12 session of the national people's Congress at its sixth meeting was briefed by the NPC Standing Committee law enforcement inspection group on the examination of the People's Republic of China report on the implementation of the compulsory education law. Report notes that compulsory education in both urban and rural, regional, imbalances still exist between schools, groups and other issues, and put forward recommendations for a range of education issues.
1
Hot spots and difficult problems hindering education balanced
Some hot spots and difficult problems still hinder educational balance to achieve. Report noted that from the perspective of urban and rural areas, is still short of rural education Board. From the perspective of regional, Midwest education development is lagging behind. The gap brought about by economic disparities in the development of investment in education. 2011 general primary school, junior high school students ' public finance budget funds for public spending, provinces provinces beyond the minimum and maximum around 9 times.
From the perspective of school, larger levels vary greatly between different schools. Society's focus on the long-term accumulation of famous brand effect still exists, between school conditions in education, teaching staff, the quality of education, management and other aspects of the gap significantly. From the perspective of groups, special groups, education level is not high. Migrant workers in suiqian children's compulsory education has not yet fully integrated into the input of financial security and education development plan, suiqian their children equal access to compulsory education there are a lot of difficulties. Is still the weak link in special education, compulsory education for children with disabilities enrolment is lower than ordinary children.
Recommended
Report suggests that the combination of urbanization to promote balanced development of compulsory education, improve school standards. According to the law of development of education and research to determine the scale of school to guide local development operation standards commensurate with its level of economic and social development. Science adjusts the school layout. Protect the rights of special groups equal access to education. Determined to govern cities to select schools and arbitrary.
2
Many challenges facing the implementation of quality-oriented education
Report finds that quality education faces many challenges. At all levels of Government to take various measures to promote quality education, college entrance examination in academic pressure and imbalance in the allocation of resources in education remains an influence. Due to the location and lack of equipment and manpower shortage and other reasons, some schools to open up full course; students overburdened, rest and time to exercise an acute shortage adolescent endurance, strength, speed, and other physical indicators continued to decline, poor eyesight rate remained high.
Report stresses that these problems, if not effectively addressed, will seriously affect the healthy growth of young people, and even affect the future of the country and nation.
Report suggests, actively pushing forward the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of primary and secondary education reform, effectively reversing the evaluation purely based on student test scores and school retention in primary and secondary education quality. Insist on LiDE Shuren in compulsory education, increase students ' sense of social responsibility, innovation spirit and practical ability so that students in the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique.
3
Construction of rural teachers is an urgent need to strengthen
Report identifies several problems existing in the construction of teaching staff in rural areas. Faculty staffing standards and regulatory mechanisms in both urban and rural schools is a stub. Students scattered mountainous, outlying schools, if the number of teaching and administrative staff in accordance with the approved student-teacher ratio, and unable to meet the actual needs of education and teaching. Second, structural contradictions are still outstanding rural teachers. Subject does not match the structure, many rural schools lack of physical education, music, fine arts, English and information technology teacher. Age structure, a number of years in rural schools in remote and poor areas supplement the young new teacher, teacher's serious ageing problem. Third, remote and difficult areas the teaching profession sufficiently attractive, good teacher does not enter, stay. Four are some of the areas still exist phenomena of low-paid substitute teachers employed.
■建议
Staff uniform urban and rural standards as soon as possible to ensure that rural school needs. Formulate preferential policies to attract talented people to the countryside to teach. Gradually increase subsidies for compulsory school teachers in remote and poor areas standards. Supplements and training mechanism for improvement of rural school teachers. Facilitate balanced allocation of teachers within the region. Advancement within the County principals and teachers Exchange institutionalized and normalized rotation, between the principals and teachers in urban and rural schools, quality schools and weak schools between the orderly flow, so as to achieve the solution to select schools and to enhance the level and quality of education, promote the goal of educational equity.
4
In less-developed areas higher high school dropout rate
In the less developed areas in the Midwest, especially in remote, poor and minority areas, high school dropout rate is higher in rural areas, and some areas more than 10%. Report found that the main reason for dropping out: a very small number was due to the poor school; most of students parents work flows, have been slow to transfer; in some areas after layout adjustment at school, junior students drop out because of the distance to school; and then there are some students ' parents continue to send their children to study further education as well as early as workers make money; low levels of teaching in some schools, students are tired of school. There is also a "hidden dropout", the students often absent from school while the student is not in school, just spent nine years at the time.
To further enhance the awareness of society in implementation of the compulsory education law. Maintaining student entrance is the Government's statutory responsibilities. Urging local governments to set the school in accordance with scientific and rational, reasonable planning service RADIUS and scale of the school, ensuring that school-age children and adolescents in the nearest entrance, this is necessary in order to ensure the smooth implementation of compulsory education law. II would like to emphasize that the statutory obligation for children to receive compulsory education is parents. For not fulfilling our responsibility of parents, to urge to correct. Three schools and social responsibility, creating favorable environment for the children receive compulsory education.
This version releases are AP
(Original title: compulsory surviving four uneven)
十二届全国人大常委会第六次会议听取了全国人大常委会执法检查组关于检查《中华人民共和国义务教育法》实施情况的报告。报告指出，义务教育在城乡、区域、校际、群体之间仍存在不均衡等问题，并针对一系列教育问题提出了建议。
热点难点问题阻碍教育均衡
一些热点难点问题依然阻碍着教育均衡的实现。报告指出，从城乡看，农村教育仍是短板。从区域看，中西部地区教育发展相对滞后。经济发展的差距带来教育投入的差距。2011年普通小学、初中生均公共财政预算公用经费支出，最高省份超出最低省份9倍左右。
从学校看，不同学校间水平相差较大。社会公认的重点学校长期积累的名牌效应仍然存在，学校之间在办学条件、师资配备、教育质量、管理水平等方面的差距显著。从群体看，特殊群体教育保障水平还不高。进城务工人员随迁子女义务教育还没有全部纳入输入地的财政保障和教育发展规划，随迁子女平等接受义务教育还存在不少困难。特殊教育仍是薄弱环节，残疾儿童义务教育入学率低于普通儿童。
报告建议，结合城镇化建设推动义务教育均衡发展，完善办学标准。要根据教育事业发展规律，研究确定学校规模，指导地方制定适合与其经济社会发展水平相适应的办学标准。科学调整学校布局。保障特殊群体平等接受教育权利。下决心治理大中城市择校、乱收费现象。
实施素质教育面临诸多挑战
报告认为，实施素质教育面临诸多挑战。各级政府虽然采取多种措施推进实施素质教育，但中高考升学压力和教育资源配置不均衡等因素依然发挥着影响。由于场地、设备缺乏和师资短缺等原因，一些学校难以开齐开足课程；学生学习负担过重，休息和锻炼时间严重不足；青少年耐力、力量、速度等体能指标持续下降，视力不良率居高不下。
报告强调，这些问题如不切实解决，将严重影响青少年的健康成长，乃至影响国家和民族的未来。
报告建议，积极推进中小学教育质量综合评价改革，切实扭转单纯以学生学业考试成绩和学校升学率评价中小学教育质量的倾向。义务教育阶段要坚持立德树人，增强学生社会责任感、创新精神、实践能力，使学生在品德、智力、体质等方面全面发展。
农村教师队伍建设亟须加强
报告指出了农村教师队伍建设存在的几方面问题。一是城乡中小学教职工编制标准及管理机制仍需完善。在生源分散的山区、边远地区学校，如果按照生师比核定教职工数量，无法满足教育教学实际需求。二是农村教师队伍结构性矛盾仍较突出。学科结构不匹配，很多农村中小学缺少体育、音乐、美术、英语及信息技术教师。年龄结构失衡，一些边远贫困地区的农村学校多年未补充年轻的新教师，教师老龄化问题严重。三是边远艰苦地区教师职业吸引力不足，优秀教师派不进、留不住。四是一些地区还存在低薪聘用代课教师的现象。
尽快出台城乡统一的教职工编制标准，切实保证农村学校需求。制定优惠政策，吸引优秀人才到农村任教。逐步提高边远贫困地区义务教育学校教师补助津贴标准。完善农村中小学教师补充和培养机制。促进区域内师资均衡配置。推进县域内校长教师轮岗交流制度化、常态化，使校长教师能够在城乡学校之间、优质学校和薄弱学校之间有序流动，从而达到解决择校、提升办学水平和教育质量、促进教育公平的目标。
欠发达地区初中辍学率较高
在中西部欠发达地区，尤其是边远、贫困及少数民族地区，农村初中辍学率较高，有的地区超过10％。报告认为，辍学的主要原因有：极少数是因贫辍学；多数是学生随家长工作地区变化而流动，未能及时转学；一些地区在学校布局调整后，低年级学生因上学路途远而辍学；再就是一些学生家长认为继续让子女读书升学不如早务工赚钱；一些学校教学水平低，学生因厌学而辍学。还有一种“隐性辍学”，学生经常旷课，虽有学籍却不在学校上学，仅仅是在时间上度过了九年。
进一步增强全社会贯彻义务教育法的意识。一要强调保证学生就近免试入学是政府的法定职责。督促地方政府要依法科学合理地设置学校，合理规划学校的服务半径和办学规模，保障适龄儿童少年就近免试入学，这是保证义务教育法顺利实施的必要条件。二要强调让子女接受义务教育是家长的法定义务。对没有尽到责任的家长，要督促改正。三要强调学校和社会的责任，为儿童少年接受义务教育创造良好环境。
本版稿件均据新华社电
（原标题：我国义务教育尚存四大不均衡）
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