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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2013/12/24 8:47:57 Suspected School of Bian Que books unearthed from Chengdu， netizens questioned Bian Que’s never seen
Bian Que suspected school books unearthed in Sichuan
Netizens questioned "when Bian Que went to Chengdu"
Express News reporter Chen Wang Jiang Yixiao interns/respondents
"Bian Que Cai Huangong, standing there, Bian Que says: ' there is disease in the barrier of the skin, where the deep. ' Huan yue Hou: ' my disease-free. ' Bian Que, and Huan yue Hou: ' good governance do not think! ' "This familiar of the Bian Que Cai Huangong was famous in Chinese language teaching in middle schools. In middle school textbooks, Bian Que's comment was: "distant relationship during the warring States period famous medical home people, because he was so skillful, so people with the legend of ancient times a doctor to call him. The doctor Bian Que is the Yellow Emperor period. ”
Shut Yu Bianque for any person, in the academic world has been highly controversial. Some scholars believe that Bian Que of antiquity to the doctor a call, its people do not exist. But in recent days, unearthed from a Han dynasty Tomb in Chengdu, found suspected of Bian Que school books.
Bamboo slips covered veins, organs and disease relations
By country Heritage Council approved, July 2012 to August 2013, Chengdu heritage Archaeological Institute and Jingzhou heritage protection Center consists of joint archaeological team, to in Chengdu city Jinniu District, tianhuizhen, and Chengdu Subway Line 3 line construction site of a Department Western Han dynasty period cemetery for has rescue sex of archaeological excavation, total cleaning Western Han dynasty period soil timber construction Tomb 4 block, unearthed has mass paint wood, and pottery, and bronze and iron, heritage. Among them, the 3rd the third grave unearthed more than 920 on bamboo slips and the points of the human body painted portraits, preliminary judgment by experts and Bian Que school roots.
3rd, tomb unearthed of part medical Jane, according to slips length, and placed location, and stacks pressure order and Jian Wen content, can is divided into nine Department books, which except colored pulse diagnosis under zhiwai, are no title, by preliminary finishing tentative name for our shakes medical on the under, and pulse died Hou under, and 60 disease party under, and feet Jane under, and source under, and Meridian book under, and all illness Hou under, and pulse number under,. The us shake on the Jian Wen, for example, "our past: as many as nine steal five Zang section 12, are a threat.
"Due to the excavation of cultural relics in the city, old pipelines are particularly numerous, many taps, vector pipelines directly from the Tomb, such as tracheal through sideways, to explore difficult. "It is understood that since the tomb of 2nd wide just below the residential buildings and tombs, excavation teams require extensive consultations with local residents, also need to be part of the housing demolition.
Reading: "books are not heritage, one can understand, understand traditional Chinese medicine and can't read the writing on bamboo slips"
As early as in November 2012, 1th, excavation of tombs and the tomb of the 3rd has been basically finished, and began to protect cultural relics and reading until October this year, Chengdu Institute of historic relic archaeology an initial awareness of archaeological finds. "Slips back after we started to identify, but because there is less in Chengdu produces organic artifacts such as silk, bamboo, and we don't have much experience. , "Said Xie Tao, to the recognition of heritage need full integration of resources. "For example, we have to look at schools of Bian Que books, books people understand it is not about the content of cultural objects, it needs to understand the Chinese people to study. But understand Chinese experts can't read writing on bamboo slips, which in turn needs research we lack experts to identify. These are not archaeological us can do, so we recognized from the beginning, to form a more definitive answer, time takes a little longer than, with about a year's time. ”
Question: Bian Que whether confirmation school books?
Expert: conclusion it can take some time
There is no direct evidence that the unearthed bamboo slips were Bian Que school books for questioning, archaeologists believe that primary evidence was "we shake the word".
Xie Tao said, "as long as does not appear on the slips ' Bian Que ' two words, I believe the controversy will continue, we will have been carrying out excavation work for new evidence, such as how to prove ' my shake ' Bian Que is himself. ”
Long term concern of Bian Que school nosocomial Hu Yanbin, Vice President of Guangdong Province, according to the current academic knowledge already, if the unearthed bamboo and wooden slips can certainly read out "our past" words can be identified is the "Bian Que" its people. "You could say that, if we can determine, ' we shake ' word that Bian Que and prove whether or not related to the core, the most critical evidence," Hu Yanbin said, "this reading ancient Chinese characters reading the results, by their scientific judgment. ”
In addition, unearthed in the hospital, Jane, under the five-color pulse, and the pulse of the us shake on the books and documents of TCM pulse diagnosis method of Bian Que school is extremely consistent, and it is this batch of bamboo slips may be further evidence of Bian Que school book.
Introduce Xie Tao, Chengdu Institute of Archaeology's most important work now is to dig up artifacts and information collated and published accurately and objectively out of briefing on the excavation of cultural relics, is expected to announce in early 2014. When a reporter asked, when will "suspected" Bian Que school books, "" suspected "when you remove the word, said Xie Tao, heritage research has always been freewheeling, to form a conclusion likely will take a long time.
Question two: Bian Que had not been to Sichuan, and why books appear in Chengdu?
Expert: medical culture is not confined to geographical
Yu Bianque school, who worked in "suddenly" appear in Chengdu, Sichuan province, there are also netizens who note that according to the historical records, Bian Que had not been to Sichuan, He Bianque school books will appear in Chengdu?
Xie Tao explains, we now consider some of the unearthed bamboo slips suspected of Bian Que school book, Bian Que not been to Sichuan, does not mean he did not spread to Sichuan.
Hu Yanbin opinion also supported Xie Tao's view. Hu Yanbin said, Bian Que active in the spring and autumn and warring States period, his skills as a faction, gradually spread to the medical culture, until the Han dynasty a fairly long historical periods, propagated everywhere is no surprise, not just somewhere. "Han tombs excavated the tomb is, which is a premise that could make sense," Hu Yanbin said, "my judgment is, to the Han dynasty, Bian Que school books may be used as a noble culture in learning, even when buried, will also join these books as a sign of identity. Therefore, found in the tomb of the Han dynasty and Bian Que-related things, can explain the work. ”
According to Hu Yanbin introduction, has been unearthed in Shandong province had eight blocks, "Bian Que acupuncture," Han stone painting, engraved on the stone Harp Bian Que of needle acupuncture for patients, "Bian Que as some kind of cultural figure who has been deified at the time have been limited to the medical profession, but a public Idol. So, there in Sichuan, in fact, there is no any surprise. ”
疑似扁鹊学派医书四川出土
网友质疑“扁鹊啥时候去成都了”
■新快报记者 王琛 实习生 蒋逸潇/文 受访者供图
“扁鹊见蔡桓公，立有间，扁鹊曰：‘君有疾在腠理，不治将恐深。’桓侯曰：‘寡人无疾。’扁鹊出，桓侯曰：‘医之好治不病以为功！’”这篇耳熟能详的《扁鹊见蔡桓公》，是中学语文教学中的名篇。在中学教材里，对扁鹊的注释是：“战国时期著名医学家秦越人，因为医术高明，所以人们就用传说中的上古时期的一位神医的名字来称呼他。这位神医就是黄帝时期的扁鹊。”
关于扁鹊有无其人，在学界一直争议不断。部分学者认为，扁鹊只是上古对神医的一种称呼，其人并不存在。但近日，成都出土的一座汉代墓葬里，发现了疑似扁鹊学派的医书。
竹简论述脉、脏腑和疾病的关系
经国家文物局批准，2012年7月至2013年8月，成都文物考古研究所和荆州文物保护中心组成联合考古队，对位于成都市金牛区天回镇、成都地铁三号线建设工地的一处西汉时期墓地进行了抢救性的考古发掘，共清理西汉时期土坑木椁墓4座，出土了大量漆木器、陶器、铜器和铁器等文物。其中，3号墓出土的920余支竹简及人体经穴漆人像，被专家初步判断与扁鹊学派颇有渊源。
3号墓出土的部分医简，根据竹简长度、摆放位置、叠压次序和简文内容，可分为九部医书，其中除《五色脉诊》之外，都没有书名，经初步整理暂定名为《敝昔医论》、《脉死侯》、《六十病方》、《尺简》、《病源》、《经脉书》、《诸病症侯》、《脉数》等。其中《敝昔医论》简文举例“敝昔曰：人有九徼五臧十二节，皆较大威胁。
“由于此次文物发掘在城市中进行，老的管线特别多，不少的自来水管、媒气管等管线都直接从墓葬里横着经过，给发掘带来困难。”据了解，因为2号墓的范围较大且墓葬就在居民楼的下面，发掘队需要与当地居民进行大量协商，也需要对部分居民住房进行拆迁。
识读：“医书不是搞文物的人能懂的，懂中医的又看不懂竹简上的字”
早在2012年11月，1号墓和3号墓已经基本发掘完毕，并开始对文物进行保护和识读，直到今年10月，成都文物考古研究所才对出土文物有了初步认识。“竹简拿回来之后我们就开始识别，但是因为成都地区出产丝绸、竹简等有机文物较少，我们没有什么经验。”谢涛说，对文物的识别需要全方位整合资源。“比如我们要研究扁鹊学派的医书，医书的内容不是搞文物的人能懂的，这需要懂中医的人来研究。但是懂中医的专家又看不懂竹简上的文字，这又需要研究古文字的专家来识别。这些方面都不是我们考古人能做的，所以我们从开始识别，到形成比较确定的答案，时间花得比较久，用了大概一年的时间。”
疑问一：是否确认为扁鹊学派医书？
专家：定论尚需时日
面对尚无直接证据证明本次出土竹简是扁鹊学派传书的质疑，考古专家认为，主要证据就是“敝昔”二字。
谢涛分析说，“只要没有在竹简上出现‘扁鹊’两个字，我相信这个争议就会一直持续下去，我们也会一直进行新证据的挖掘工作，比如怎么证明‘敝昔’就是扁鹊本人。”
对扁鹊学派长期保持关注的广东省中医院副院长胡延滨分析，根据目前学界已有的相关知识，如果出土的简牍确实可以识读出“敝昔”二字，即可基本确认指的就是“扁鹊”其人。“可以说，如果能确定‘敝昔’二字，就是证明是否与扁鹊有关的核心的、最关键的证据，”胡延滨说，“这个要看古文字方面的识读结果了，由他们进行科学的判断。”
另外，在此次出土的医简中，《五色脉诊》、《敝昔医论》、《脉数》等医书与文献记载中扁鹊学派的中医切脉诊疗方法极为吻合，这是此批竹简可能是扁鹊学派传书的另一证据。
谢涛介绍，现在成都文物考古研究所最重要的工作是把挖掘出的文物和资料准确、客观地整理和发表出去，关于本次文物发掘的简报预计在2014年上半年公布。当记者问及，什么时候才能把“疑似扁鹊学派医书”中的“疑似”二字去掉时，谢涛说，文物研究向来是百家争鸣，要形成定论，可能还需要很长的时间。
疑问二：扁鹊并未到过四川，为何医书出现在成都？
专家：医学文化传播不局限于地域
对于扁鹊学派医书“冷不丁”出现在四川成都，也有网友存疑：根据史书记载，扁鹊并未到过四川，为何扁鹊学派的医书会出现在成都？
谢涛解释说，我们现在认为部分出土竹简疑似为扁鹊学派传书，扁鹊没有到过四川，并不能说明他的学问没有传播到四川来。
胡延滨的个人观点也支持了谢涛的看法。胡延滨分析说，扁鹊活跃在春秋战国时期，他的医术作为一个派别，逐渐形成扩散到各地的医学文化，直到汉代已经是相当长的历史时期，传播到任何地方都不足为奇，而不可能仅仅局限于某地。“这次发掘的墓是汉墓，这也是一个可以讲得通的大前提，”胡延滨说，“我的判断是，到了汉代，扁鹊学派的医书可能是作为一种贵族文化在学习，甚至到陪葬的时候，也会加入这些书籍以示身份。因此，在汉代的大墓里发现与扁鹊有关的东西，是可以解释得通的。”
据胡延滨介绍，山东省曾先后出土过八块“扁鹊针灸图”的汉画象石，石上刻着鸟身人面的扁鹊正持针为患者针灸的情形，“扁鹊作为某种已经被神化的文化人物，在当时早已不局限于医学界，而是一种公众偶像。所以，出现在四川其实没有什么可奇怪的。”
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