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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2014/7/27 17:52:46 Of micro-high quality processing of how Internet rumors？ ，
Micro-blogging/micro-high quality processing of how Internet rumors of a letter?-Internet rumors, micro, micro-blogs-IT news Micro-blogging/micro-high quality processing of how Internet rumors of a letter?
1. make up a rumor of high quality classic
Topic is referred to by "high quality" rumors, I think a lot of people think that the famous fishing nets is not. Most so-called online fishing and have no science at all, it is far from quality. Different from the rumors, depending on its content and purpose, scientific rumor to a certain extent, can be verified or falsified.
In General, a more technical-scientific rumor has the following elements:
1.1 writing quality
Writing reports or rumours, the most basic requirement is that the text: If there are typos, sentence fluency, standard format ... ... A wonderful article, but layout disorder article would lose a lot of readers; Similarly, a highly deceptive, but rumors of typos throughout, more likely to arouse suspicion.
1.2 ongoing relevance (the audience)
In order to make the rumors spread and cause panic, rumour must be close to the audience's daily lives, especially since some essential everyday activities, such as eating (food safety), sleep (electronic product radiation), physical activity (air quality) and so on ... ... General heard about their daily activities in the "potentially dangerous", the first response is always, "how to avoid" rather than "this information is correct or wrong."
So for the average people, "microwave oven produces carcinogens", "salt cancer", "stay in Beijing is equivalent to smoking 20 cigarettes a day," this kind of information will always be cause for concern, and showed a trend of explosive dissemination. "Polaris is the brightest star in the northern hemisphere," such a rumor, despite periods of similar difficulty similar to rumor, concerns were raised with the preceding articles do not in an order of magnitude.
A little more detail, for example, you want to spread an article on "watermelon contains sweeteners," the message, telling housewives, students, ... ... Will no doubt be more efficient than propaganda in the business; if you want to spread an article on "on the London underground for 20 minutes is equal to smoking 2 packs of cigarettes" message, telling students and office workers, no doubt young man driving a racing car is more reliable than telling the street; if you want to spread an "eat meat easier to cause cancer" news spread in the medical school, it is estimated that to no avail.
1.3 scientific
Rumors for a successful science, science is essential. In most people's minds, rumours about a rumor, because they are "unscientific"; since it can be falsified by science and how we talk about it?
Here said, is an "inexact science".
Our daily contact with the "Science" and "Science" component of most, most is not strict: from the junior high school textbook "structure similar to the structure of atomic nuclei and Sun", "temperature is a measure of heat" ... ... Life has often been referred to as the "chemicals in cosmetics can damage the skin", "shipshape for drinking water will become a harmful substance" ... ... All accounts, mostly to make it easier to understand memory, more popular version of serious scientific fact and scientific rumor, catch this feature, mimicking the "common sense", and mixed with various kinds of information more difficult to distinguish.
"Leave the dose on the toxicity of all behavior is bullying" is widely used in scientific gossip means. These rumors often inferred from scientific facts, but to go from a dose of the most basic of questions, conclusion of quantitative into qualitative conclusions. Following turn to name but a few such inferences, I believe rumors of similar logic, you have seen a lot:
Shrimp and lots of vitamins at the same time taking → shrimp may affect human health and taking vitamins, can produce toxic substances and eat with vitamin-rich food → seafood, susceptible to poisoning → last week Taiwan after one girl while eating seafood and vitamins, died from sudden death ... ...
Over 10 l of water a day, can easily lead to water intoxication → drank 10 l drink beverages can cause poisoning can cause poisoning → → incredibly toxic! Anxiety about food safety in China! How can a society ... ...
Daily intake of too much red meat, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease caused by → eat red meat every day, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease → Chinese → eat red meat may have heart disease can't eat red meat, bad for the heart, please tell your family! ……
1.4 refers to scientific research
If the rumor is referenced in scientific research, of course, will greatly increase the rumors of "credibility". As in any logical chain referred to in 1.3, to reference the original scientific research results, will make rumors more deceptive. However, in today's highly developed Internet, improperly referenced research results, or even made up, only making rumors look "No grade" and easier to be rumor.
Crazy popular in earlier years the "telegony" mentioned in the rumors:
United Kingdom Institute of anthropology, Dr. Gossip's latest research report ... ... But had learned a little English-speakers can tell that this is all rumor, and if "Dr. The Gossip" or "Dr. Davies" such unusual names, be prepared to spend some time and do some research to know the existence of netizens will not be in the majority.
2. example: classic low quality rumour
So are widespread rumors, belongs to the high quality of scientific rumor? The answer is obviously no. Next, I will try to analyze some renren's insanely popular rumors (including fishing) and tell you why they are "unscientific."
Stated herein, I am very much against fishing, more hate in order to show his poor "intelligence superiority" invention of fishing, fishing people of the State of the article. From silly people who sense of superiority than themselves are unsure to what extent?
2.1 minimum levels: conceptual confusion
Example: scientific research shows that gastric HCl is prevalent in Chinese, is a corrosive acid that China's food safety ... ...
Analysis: about fishing and fishing States, very easy to break. Similarly there are: ye admitted before the match to take a call (2R,3S,4R,5R) -2,3,4,5,6-stimulants for five hydroxy hexanal; water contains a lot of dihydrogen oxide, take can cause poisoning ... ...
With the popularization of nine-year compulsory education in China, most similar scripts can only cheat to elementary school and very few people critically short of basic scientific knowledge.
2.2 class: reference term for fake documents and fake
Case study: high-speed rail – quietly open the magic box of geological hazards in bulk
Xian Institute of Earth environment, CAs Professor picked up after comprehensive and meticulous research, concluded that "China's geology is not suitable for high-speed rail" conclusion. He believed in China's geological conditions, the high-speed summer "Chebyshev" chain causing serious "Stephen King" effect, which led to a mass of geological disasters. Him on his deathbed is strongly recommended, if you must for high-speed rail, hoping at least use ballasted track bed on high-speed rail.
Analysis: the original author's statement, the so-called "experts", "summer Chebyshev force", "Stephen King effect" are fictitious, the rumor, in a brief search on the Internet will know the true or false; is the belief that "Science" of characteristics proved too lazy to do it yourself (a lot of rumors which is why most science flaws can cause floating around).
Removing make up the contents of this article's writing style is very good in all fishing.
2.3 Advanced: attempts to use the scientific method to prove
Example: PI really is equal to 3.14? Our textbook is lower than 5%, even mathematics is no exception. 》http://www.acfun.tv/v/ac292601
Analysis: this paper uses the "Science" error proof method, but compared to the above hand Google can dispel rumors, which are more likely to be believed-and only have knowledge of mathematics to see errors, more people spread it just because "looks like".
3. practice: make science rumor
In this section, I will try to go through simple steps, in particular demonstrate, how to create a lively scientific rumor.
3.1 clarity of purpose and audience
Goals: Coke (reason: regular contact with daily life)
Scope: human health (or from a food safety perspective)
3.2 initial search
We need some formal documentation and research sources, you can search from a variety of professional journals, libraries, and convenience directly with Google Scholar here. Key words: soft drink,health.
Click on the first search results, out of an article in the American Journal of Public Health.
Introduction and experimental in front of can not see, directly onto the result (conclusion), see the conclusions in the article and points out a number of sub-headings, namely: soft drinks intake and energy (energy), weight (body weight), intake of calcium (Calcium intake), nutrition (nutrient intake) and human health (health Outcome).
3.3 summary information
Under each subheading conclusion summed up as follows:
1. long-term daily intake of soft drinks will lead the daily energy intake is too high (without fear)
2. a group of studies have shown that, over a one year period, long-term increase daily intake of soft drinks can lead to weight gain, but this report does not refer to the relation between daily calorie intake (you can use)
3. over the past 13 studies have shown that soft drink intake can reduce the calcium intake; 1 references indicate that no significant links between calcium intake and intake of soft drinks; 1 other articles shows that the soft drink intake correlated positively with calcium intake may be relevant (uncertainty)
4.3, literature has various results.
3.4 Organization text
If you want to make shorter rumor: use the results to determine, and easily cause for alarm 2.
"The United States journal of public health Dr. Lenny r study, confirmed that no matter how much a day thing, so long as coke can lead to obesity, "
If they made rumours so long: conclusion right combination and selective reference to conclusions enabling documents.
"Cola kill sperm? Coke cause cancer? Osteoporosis, Cola is to blame? For a long time, these rumors are considered to be rumors. However, in 2007 the United States cited in the journal of public health, Dr. Lenny r study [1], confirmed that Coke will have serious effects on human body functions, even a health hazard.
There is a feeling that refreshing Coke, does not heat up too much, but that's not the case. In the United States in a middle school, the boys were asked to consume Coke, and continuous recording of weight. A year later, amazing things happen: a growth in both boys ' weight, some even changed from normal weight obesity (obese). More studies have also shown that Cola intake and weight gain are inextricably related. Even if only a small one, can also bring you a lot of sugar, and then into thick layers of fat.
Sugar found in a can of Coke has already surpassed the United Nations health organization recommended maximum daily intake, suffer from tooth decay, loss of immunity, malnutrition, obesity and so on ... ... The consequences. Look at these scientific reports, and don't you dare drink Coke? Today drinking coke, will be tomorrow to shoot arrows at your knee, and paralyze the body stones ... ... "
Reference:
[1] Am J Public Health. 2007;97:667-675. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.083782
[2] Giammattei J, Blix G, Marshak HH, Wollitzer AO, Pettitt DJ. Television watching and soft drink consumption: associations with obesity in 11- to 13-year-old schoolchildren. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157: 882–886.
Above during the editing process, measures taken include:
· A vague goal: all soft drinks instead of coke
· Fuzzy dosage: drink a lot of Coke Cola consumption is correlated with obesity → obesity
· A reference literature and authors
· The "Science" writing format
· Selective disregard of facts against the article (while many studies have found that Coke has no correlation with obesity)
· Too much deduction against
· Use alarmist language
Of course I'm writing is not good, just write a quick example here.
4. how to determine true and false rumors
Wrote so much, what determines whether the message source reliable or not, or whether the message credible? Combined with the above, write a lot, but to sum up to one principle: look before you leap "faith".
Google regardless of the article's sources, or around asking students related majors or see news, more judgment; even if it is in their ability to judge the case, do not easily spread alarmist news, is also a good way to stifle rumors.
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