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The author:(作者)aaapublished in(发表于) 2014/9/8 11:39:05 And Yes： the Cairo Declaration in post-war Japan to fulfil
Core elements:
The Cairo Declaration and other international law of Japan as a war-waging, corrections included: never allow Japan to war; no Japan with military forces to wage war; Japan must return the plundered the territory; the handling of disputed islands with Japan; corrections to its war criminals.
Postwar Japan right wing attempts to distort the outcome of World War II, in particular denial of the Cairo Declaration and other relevant international law, the disciplinary provisions, tried to challenge the postwar international order. Their behavior including: denial of crimes of aggression and revising the pacifist Constitution, increased military spending, military preparations and so on.
And Japan right wing struggles with enormity, complexity and persistence features, apparently rely on China alone will not be enough, should be accelerated and formed against Japan right wing of the international United Front.
Japan a series of dangerous right wing is not only a flagrant violation of the Cairo Declaration, was an attempt to deny the victory in World War II accomplishments, challenges international order after the war, pursued a career as a military and political power which dominated the performance of East Asian politics, of the Asia-Pacific region and the world, the international situation will bring new unstable factors.
In 1943, the world anti-fascist war to show daylight: in February, the Germany army in the defeat in the battle of Stalingrad, and start to reverse the situation on the eastern front in September, Italy the Government's unconditional surrender in the Pacific war, Midway sea post-war Allied fortunes, beginning launched a counter attack against Japan. In order to better coordinate the war against Japan, to punish Japan crimes of aggression, from November 22 to 26th, Summit in China, the United States and Britain in Egypt's capital Cairo meeting, the Cairo Declaration signed and released on December 1. Declaration confirmed the Japan invasion and plunder of China's territory, clearly the war on Japan's decision, is a major achievement of the world anti-fascist war, is the cornerstone of establishing a new international order after the war.
, The Cairo Declaration and subsequent international law of Japan as a war-waging, disciplinary
1. the Cairo Declaration and relevant international law, law of succession and the rational
China and Britain agreed in the Cairo Declaration after the draft is completed, sent to Stalin, who "totally" for "Declaration and all of its contents" and explicitly said the decision was "correct". This indicates that the Declaration of consensus among major allies of World War II, has legal.
On July 26, 1945, heads the United States and Britain jointly issued the Potsdam Proclamation urging Japan surrendered unconditionally and immediately. August 8, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan after the accession of the announcement. Article eighth of the Potsdam Proclamation reaffirmed "the terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out," which confirmed the succession of two international law.
On August 14, 1945, Japan announced the Government's acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation, surrendered the next day. On September 2, Japan under the Japan surrender's commitment "to fulfil the terms of the Potsdam Declaration" indicating that Japan Government unconditionally abide by the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation and the sanctions.
In 1972, China and Japan signed in section III of the Sino-Japanese joint declaration, Japan Government renewed their commitment "stick the Potsdam Declaration article eighth position."
More irrefutable proof of the continuity of the Cairo Declaration and relevant international law and rationality of law and Japan recognized by the Government. Special emphasis must be placed, promulgated in 1947, the Constitution of Japan, and Japan anti-war resolution adopted by the Government, and so on, are all in the Cairo Declaration, the Potsdam Proclamation, such as under the influence of reflects the allies will, by the Japan aggression of the Asia-Pacific region and public appeals, as well as the Japan people's vigilance over militarism again.
2. the Cairo Declaration and other international law of Japan as a war-waging, disciplinary
Never allow Japan to go to war. The Cairo Declaration said: "the three great purposes of the allies during the war, is to curb and punish Japan's aggression. "This qualitative Japan go to war is the nature of the" aggression ", rather than later, Japan claimed that only" access ". The Potsdam Proclamation further stated: "deceit and error led Japan persons make improper to conquer the world, authoritarian and forces to be permanently excluded" a clear declaration does not allow for Japan on the road to war in the future.
No Japan having military power to wage war. View Japan waged a war of aggression caused sufferings to the people of the world, agreed with the allies, apart from the permanent eradication of Japan tried in vain to conquer the forces of evil in the world, must also be in Japan the establishment of "new order of peace security and justice", until "determine credible evidence" proving "Japan war-making power has been destroyed."
Japan must return their plunder of the territories of other countries. The Cairo Declaration clearly stipulates: "deprivation of Japan since 1914, after the start of the first world war in the Pacific on the winning or the occupation of the island; Japan territories stolen by China, such as the four Northeastern provinces, Taiwan, and the Pescadores, returned to the Republic; the other Japan by force or greed to grab land, Japan deported. ”
With Japan over disputed islands. Considering Japan return the island may cause regions unclear dispute, the provisions of the Potsdam Proclamation: "the terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out, while Japan's sovereignty shall be limited to Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and other minor Islands as we determine. "So Japan as World War II's vanquished, victorious, China, Britain, the Soviet Union and has the power to explain to its territorial scope.
On the punishment of the war criminals. Japan advocates criminal war of aggression that year granted should be punished for their crimes against humanity committed so the Potsdam Proclamation announced the "war is guilty, including abuse, we captured, referee will be punished by a law", or to provide justice in the world.
Second, postwar Japan article implementation of the Cairo Declaration and other international World War II law of
The Cairo Declaration, Japan firmly on the historical shame. However, postwar Japan right wing attempts to distort the outcome of World War II, in particular denial of the Cairo Declaration and other relevant international law, the disciplinary provisions is even more intense in recent years, tried to challenge the postwar international order.
Denial of war crimes. Japan's monstrous crimes in the aggressive war, and is set in Japan militarists the noose around his neck, is history as Japan militarists who set up the pillar of shame. However, Japan right wing attempts to deny or distort these facts of history: visits to the Yasukuni Shrine and distorting history textbooks, blatantly throwing "the definition of aggression was not conclusive," "comfort women need to be addressed", denying the "Nanjing massacre" and so on, tried in vain to dilution in the world public opinion and consciousness of a new generation of Japanese Japan waged a war of aggression crimes.
Refusing to return the Diaoyu Islands and other islands. It is well known that the Diaoyu Islands is China's territory since ancient times. 1894 Sino-Japanese outbreak of the "Sino-Japanese naval war", China was forced to sign the unequal Treaty of Shimonoseki and ceded Taiwan and the subsidiary, including the Diaoyu Islands to Japan. According to the Cairo Declaration, Japan plundered Taiwan and its surrounding islands to be returned to China. January 29, 1946, Supreme Headquarters Allied powers of the United Nations No. 677 issued instructions which clearly defines a Japan territory ranges in Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and includes four main islands to horse Islands, North of 30 degrees north latitude, near the Ryukyu Islands island and specifying the scope does not include Islands, South of latitude 30 degrees. And Diaoyu Islands even its most northern yellow tail islet South of latitude 30 degrees. Even more important was allied with Japan's interpretation of the scope of the territory, Japan must accept the allies for Japan territory a number of regulations. Therefore, Japan refused to return my Diaoyu Island is the Cairo Declaration and other files ' blatant disregard for, and violation of international law.
Revising the pacifist constitution. The Potsdam Proclamation called "the Japan Government will block Japan revival and enhancement of the people's democratic trend all the obstacles to eliminating them, freedom of speech, freedom of religion and thought, as well as for the importance of fundamental human rights." This spirit is mainly reflected in the enactment of the postwar Japanese Constitution. The Constitution as provided for in Japan forever renounce war and use of force as means of settling international disputes, cannot have offensive military force, known as the pacifist constitution. This is Japan's commitment to the international community that year, Japan return to the Community Foundation it lays the postwar decades of Japan's peaceful development Foundation. But Japan right wing has sought to amend the Constitution, breaking the Japan restrictions holding soldiers and troops, attempting to use self-defense forces into defense forces, law prepared for developed into a military and political power.
Increased military expenditure, military preparations. The Potsdam Proclamation explicitly prohibits Japan to maintain military forces to wage war again. 1976 Miki Cabinet in order to ensure Japan's peaceful development decision, Japan's military budget may not exceed 1% of gross domestic product that year. In 1987, the Japan Government decided to abolish the quota, so Japan sharp rise in military spending in fiscal 2014 defence budget 4.8848 trillion yen. Ann times also in military policy Shang action frequently: modify Defense plans outline, delete has "construction has section degrees of defense force" of expressed, clear proposed to "upgrade Japan military capacity"; launched medium-term defense power servicing plans, constantly improve self-defense team of mobility and offensive; this year and proposed replaced "weapons export three principles" of "defense equipment transfer three principles", sharply relaxed Japan external output weapons and military technology; and collective self-defence of lifted is makes Japan almost can put military action expanded to global range.
Three, the defence of the Cairo Declaration, warning Japan resurgence of militarism
71 years ago, the Cairo Declaration was a Japan death knell for destruction of the aggressor, and today, reviewing the Cairo Declaration is meant to knock on Japan the alarm in the direction of the future development. Japan long militaristic traditions, the current right-wing political forces, more blatantly on the breakthrough peace Constitution, foreign subversion of postwar international order; and emboldened by the Japan-us Security Treaty, as well as on territorial issues of mutual interest with the Philippines, Viet Nam and other countries echoed, Japan even more emboldened. We can see very clearly, when the Cairo Declaration to punish and destroy Japan militarism has not completely eradicated.
Japan right wing's actions have raised include Japan criticized around the world, people and their allies. Japan right wing exposed the ambitious essence of the negative outcome of the second world war. Abe regime is eager to break through the constraints on the formation of World War II, so the visits to the Yasukuni Shrine, denies forced recruitment of comfort women, beautification of the kamikaze Corps has done a full rejection of war crimes. "Child of Zhong Shan lang and you need madness," thought they had tricked, in fact, violated the international law of the bottom line, put yourself in the dock of international justice. Its actions directly conflict with the interests of the original anti-fascist family, even with its close ties to the United States and the United Kingdom, and France and other Western countries are also a rare display of Japan's criticism, let alone suffered in World War II Japan iron-ravaged vast areas such as the resentment of the people of East Asia. Stains of misdeeds of the Abe regime, by the Japan people against international emerged out of Japan right wing an unprecedented crusade against public opinion.
Speeding up and formed against Japan right wing of the international United Front. And Japan right wing struggles with enormity, complexity and persistence features, apparently rely on China alone will not be enough, should be accelerated and formed against Japan right wing of the international United Front. The so-called "international front" meaning borrowed by Chairman Mao Zedong in a Word, is "to unite all people who can be United, so that we can put the enemy down to the least ... ... For us, the more friends the better, less the enemy, the better. " Which, against Japan right-wing forces international United Front including: first article front, that on Japan right-wing forces nature has more clear awareness, firmly defended World War II results, against Japan resurrection militarism of national; second article front, that in against Japan right-wing forces denied World War II results, aspects can reached consensus of national; third article front, that Japan domestic insisted peace development, and against Japan right-wing forces of some party, and groups and has effects characters. We need to consolidate and expand the first page, second front of unity and stability, support and development of the third front.
Remember the lessons of history and prevent a repeat of the tragedy. Japan a series of dangerous right wing is not only a flagrant violation of the Cairo Declaration, was an attempt to deny the achievements, challenges international order after the war, the second world war sought to again become a military and political power which dominated the performance of East Asian politics, of the Asia-Pacific region and the world, the international situation will bring new unstable factors. Japan's ambitions should cause Asian countries and people around the world on high alert. United States regain hegemony, to contain China's strategic deployment in Asia, Japan's connivance, acquiescence and even support, the results will not only endanger the people of the Asia-Pacific, and ultimately misfortune itself. United States and other countries must not forget history, do not neglect Japan's militarism, and to prevent the reoccurrence of pacifism.
In short, the principles set out in the Cairo Declaration cannot be denied. It was tens of millions of lives of victory, is also an important guarantee for world peace and order after World War II. All peace-loving people, should maintain post-war order, destruction, denying the war victory is not allowed. But determined to maintain the Cairo Declaration, thereby preventing the Japan World militarism again, to maintain the peaceful and stable development of the Asia-Pacific region and the world did not come easily.
(Author: Cass Russia researcher in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia Institute)
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