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published in(发表于) 2014/12/14 9:10:31
Three questions， three gorges project focus

Xinhuanet, Yichang, December 13 (reporters Liang Jianqiang and and Wu Zhi)-whether the construction of the three gorges project induced geological disasters? Work has a negative ecological impacts? Siltation problem would become the reservoir of the three Gorges "bigness"? These issues often become the focus of public attention. In the three gorges project began construction of 20 anniversary of reporters to comb the historical data and interviews with leading experts, the three focus points were resolved.

　　Focus: Three Gorges project induced geological disasters?

In recent years, numerous geological disasters in three Gorges reservoir area and the western area activities, especially in the Zigui Quake occurred in succession in the dam area, many people associated with the three gorges project. The construction of the three gorges project, whether induced geological disasters?

Zheng Shouren, Chief Engineer of the Chinese Academy of engineering, the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Committee said that first of all need a clear thing is, prior to the construction of three gorges project because of the terrain, the geological condition is complicated, the three Gorges area is geological disaster-prone areas. Along with the completion of the three Gorges reservoir, near the water slope soil and water conditions can be affected, local bank locations may produce instability, it's all reservoirs in the initial impoundment period face situation.

However, Zheng Shouren emphasized academic recognition, of tectonic reservoir-induced earthquakes, the reservoir could trigger a near distance area and is close to the limit of seismogenic faults, and many factors, it is not the main reason.

Zheng Shouren noted that, over time, gradually forming law of growth and decline of water potential of reservoir Bank, changes in water and soil around the reservoir environment will tend to balance, to reach a new steady, reduces the number and size of geological disasters.

Chinese survey master of engineering, former head of geology in three gorges project of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Committee introduced Chen Deji, although since the three Gorges reservoir area from December 2013, happen three times in a row 4 of the earthquakes, but the intensity and epicenter in the original anticipation within the scope of, and cannot represent the three Gorges reservoir into a geological active period. Still likely to occur in the future in this area about 5 or 5.5-magnitude earthquake, but according to the regional geological setting of the area and analysis of seismic-geologic condition, level 6 and level 6 is a small probability of strong earthquakes.

　　Focus II: Three Gorges project caused an ecological disaster?

Reservoir area of three gorges project on the effects of ecological and biological diversity, is the focus of one of the.

Academician Zheng Shouren, said before the approved the construction of the three gorges project has been on the impact of three-Gorge project on the local flora and fauna there may be made a strict analysis.

At present, judging from the terrestrial ecosystem, not only can take the initiative to move away from terrestrial vertebrate in the three Gorges reservoir area, and widely distributed in the region has, there is no danger of dying out. Rare terrestrial plant, the departments concerned took germ plasm resource preserve, Botanical Garden, field measures such as ex-situ conservation, in situ conservation.

"The plant Panda" davidia, national level priority protected wild plants of Taxus, adiantum unique rare and endangered plants in the three Gorges reservoir ... ... Ecological landscape of the three gorges company Manager Zhang Guoyu introduction, in order to save the endangered and endemic species in the three Gorges reservoir area, three gorges group value and environmental protection and ecological construction as important as location, was established in July 2007 and the nursery Research Center of the three gorges, at present, the Center has introduced three gorges 224 species of endemic, rare plants, totaling more than 13,000 more than seedlings.

Relevant departments of the State monitoring data also showed that area and related regional eco-environmental quality overall is good, compared with before water storage remained stable. Generally maintain the water quality in reservoir area of Yangtze River ⅱ and ⅲ class level effective protection of biodiversity; reservoir does not have a significant impact on the surrounding region climate and environmental impact of three gorges project did not exceed the forecast range of arguments.

Special acceptance of participation in the three gorges project academician Cao Wenxuan, aquatic life experts said, the three gorges project water lead by running water into calm water in the dam area, and ecological conditions such as water depth, dissolved oxygen to light changes, the original, flowing water fish have had a certain impact on benthic organisms, ecosystems are currently in the changes in three Gorges reservoir, but on the whole is not beyond expectations.

The Yangtze River Water Conservancy Committee, since 2011 began to flood control of the Yangtze River for the three Gorges reservoir ecological operation test is implemented over three years in a row, for the four major fisheries resources fish of the Yangtze River to create spawning conditions and schedule to achieve the desired effect, the four fish "flood of eggs" appears more than once.

　　Focus three: Three Gorges project sediment deposition problem of difficult solution?

On hydropower projects, reduce siltation can easily lead to the reservoir, thereby affecting the reservoir comprehensive benefits. How to solve the hydroelectric power station of the three Gorges reservoir, "deadly dilemma", realities of sediment?

Group of three gorges project, the three Gorges reservoir since impoundment, as innovation takes a "storing clear and releasing muddy" approach--that is, during the impoundment increased the displacement to muddy waters, accumulation of water in the dry season – greatly reducing the deposition of sediment in the reservoir.

2012, the three gorges has also taken deposition reduction operation, Sha Feng dispatching measures such as further reducing silting in the reservoir area and tail and reservoirs are more effective storage for a long time. Focus on scouring and silting of the river and channel evolution of the situation is also in line with previous forecasts.

Released by the Chinese Academy of engineering, the impoundment of three gorges project pilot phase assessment synthesis report shows that since the three Gorges reservoir began to store water since the little change in average annual water storage, warehousing 203 million tons of sand annually, prior to 1990 mean of 42%. Pilot water 175 meters since the upstream of the three Gorges reservoir and sediment reduction trend is continuing, from 2009 to 2012 annual inflow of suspended load sediment to 183 million tons, only 38% of the values prior to 1990.

"With new upstream of the three Gorges reservoir's water storage and silt and upstream and downstream reservoirs joint operation, overall sediment of three Gorges reservoir will be further alleviated. "Impoundment of three gorges project pilot phase assessment team leader, Shen Guofang, academician of Chinese Academy of engineering said," can be maintained within 100 years of three Gorges reservoir capacity of 20 billion cubic meters. ”

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