President of Shanghai University: giving up scientific work to avoid a conflict of interest (photo) | | research professional principal _ news

Original title: "abandon all scientific work, becoming a professional headmaster"

National People′s Congress, President of Shanghai University, Kim Dong-Han. C FP information chart

Prevalence in Chinese colleges "public" and "private plots" problems, the school′s development is a public field, their professional or team is the private plots, if the conflict should you choose? Some people will first of all consider private plots, which conflict with their duties. ---The national people′s Congress, President of Shanghai University, Kim Dong-Han

Last July, a paper order, China shipbuilding industry Corporation 711 Kim Dong-Han, Director of the Institute, and served as President of Shanghai University.

"A life-changing experience", Shanghai Group gap, Kim Dong-Han with the same group of Shanghai party Secretary Han Zheng Zhu Zhiwen, Vice Minister, the Ministry of education about their cross-border restructuring, said: "I have no private plots, only public fields, President of career I want to do. "The speech give scientists unique relaxed and a lot more resilience.

The first half, Kim Dong-Han was so busy lab, doing only one thing---how to give powerful new ship installed "China heart". Now he began to study how to cultivate excellent students in China.

To avoid conflicts of interest

Principals to give up research work

South: from research institutions to the University last year, the span is not very big for you?

Kim Dong-Han: Yes. A more business like, providing customers with the satisfaction of the applicable products or services; one is mainly for training people, but also to engage in scientific research, social services and culture. Director and principal of is management, but the difference is very large. I promise to do a professional principals gave up my past work in schools not prepared to build his own team, is not prepared to build the engine in this major.

South: why? You have done so many years of scientific research, now entirely abandoned, and regret it?

Kim Dong-Han: mainly to avoid a conflict of interest because the Shanghai University, my primary responsibility is to get them done, rather than just let my professional development. Prevalence in Chinese colleges "public" and "private plots" problems, the school′s development is a public field, their professional or team is the private plots, if the conflict should you choose? Some people will first of all consider private plots, which conflict with their duties.

Will certainly feel pity, but can′t eat it, don′t think they may have to. Because I was a cross-border, has no background in the field of education, if half-hearted, must do good headmaster. Even go all out and could do well, but at least will not be sorry, because I worked hard.

To satisfy our customers say

Instead of ranking

South: the years upward trend soon, Shanghai University, it was expected that the next 10 years among national universities in the top 20 of the Shanghai University, Shanghai University has set itself the goal of what?

Kim Dong-Han: the target is definitely Yes, describe how is still under discussion, is trying to do it well, good student, to do good research. You say the top 20, when are we trying to do it on the right. Many principals care about college rankings, and I consider how more students, and allows customers to Shanghai University, said good, instead of the rankings say.

South: you say "customer" refers to who?

Kim Dong-Han: one employer, one is a graduate. If, after 20 years, Shanghai college graduates say "on my reading, let me out of the ordinary, just let me go now", I think this is the highest value. We don′t do it, do you have to do a certain standard, but certainly not going to do. Shanghai University I think there is too many professional, correlation to each other and not too big, subtraction should do next.

South: what to give up and which strengthen, how to choose?

Kim Dong-Han: first of all, consider the needs of Shanghai′s economic and social development, because it is run by Shanghai University, Shanghai University, the Municipal Government of great input wants you to support economic and social development of Shanghai, Shanghai University in this respect there is still a lot of room. At present, Shanghai University, Shanghai′s pillar industries such as automotive, chemical, shipbuilding and manufacturing support role is not clear enough. Followed by development status, look at the first 10 years, if a subject in many schools, development for a long time without improvement, there were irrelevant, it should give up. Featured subject and develop better, such as materials, art, movies and other subjects, we have to develop.

South: how much proportion of Admissions University of Shanghai in Shanghai?

Kim Dong-Han: local students about 35% or so, at present, only Shanghai local independent recruitment, and places are limited. Percentage undergraduate men and women about half and half.

We train people

Lack of innovation ability

South: the "Thirteen-Five" plan proposed by 2020, several universities and a number of subjects at or close to world class level. In your opinion, the current gap between domestic universities and world-class universities, mainly in where?

Kim Dong-Han: I think the people we train innovation ability, awareness is not strong, with the United States at Stanford University and other schools considerably. Stanford University′s education policy emphasizes the combination of education with industrial, cultivate talents, promote education for industrial services, a high proportion of its graduates, the ability to solve practical problems is also very strong. Some of us can′t keep up with the curriculum, with industrial demand, such as computer programs to teach c and Java company majority in the industry, resulting in employment after retraining is required to do the job.

South: some areas, such as IT industry, developed very quickly, how to keep up with the fast pace of teaching?

Kim Dong-Han: it requires teachers to undertake scientific research or social service task itself to continuously learn new knowledge, new technologies, materials need to be constantly updated, should also establish close linkages with enterprises, in particular, to establish strategic cooperative relations with big business, not only allows teachers to have long-term research, and students can have a place to practice. In this way, teachers and students know what was a business concern, students in the school are given the opportunity to participate in scientific research and development work, will be able to more quickly meet the needs of working after graduation.

South: but some felt that undergraduate students to good teaching, not "no", how to balance study and practice?

Kim Dong-Han: classroom education and extracurricular education is very important. For engineering students, internships link students ′ comprehensive application knowledge to solve practical problems is a unique training opportunity, also help students improve study initiative. For enterprises, is a platform for corporate social responsibility, is the opportunity to promote themselves in order to attract the best students to come to work. How long internship arrangements appropriate to concrete analysis of concrete conditions, there is an optimization problem. The difficulty now is that many companies are not willing to receive students come to practice, companies should change their ideas, in order to enhance the sense of social responsibility.

Management Center of gravity moves down

University College of decentralization

South: in the area of University Administration, Shanghai University has what?

Kim Dong-Han: we are now considering will manage the center of gravity moves down, make college a school principal, College now, schools do well, so we will give school decentralization. Principal strategies, resources and professionalism of Director Professor and a friendly, professional managers and other key personnel. I agree with professors, to be decided to the Professor Academic Affairs. However, in order to design mechanisms, and in any case will keep top talents come, let incompetent people can go to, to avoid the "Donald Lee open shop."

South: now the competition is fierce, how universities can attract and retain talent?

Kim Dong-Han: currently I do not know work very well by the Professor, I find a lot of professors mainly depends on personal one-on-one, especially some science professors. In this case, try to give it to them to create a relaxed environment. We would also like to encourage the establishment of several academic teams, academic leaders important to choose well, this man not only has a high level of academic ability, but also ambitious, broader, leadership, so as to take on big projects, big.

I have to say, our top universities compete in the disadvantageous position. We can not use high salaries to attract people, some treatment is necessary, and more important to have their own idea, to create a good environment, speak the same language can be done. I studied him, is very focused on both ability and political integrity, Professor degaocai thick, to complete the mission LiDE Shuren.

South: you propose to longer review period, large projects encourage professors to take difficult, difficult but also means high risk, if there is no work, then what?

Kim Dong-Han: basic research to discover new knowledge, such as why Apple falling from a tree, also has a certain degree of chance, not heroes, assessment difficult. I think teachers have academic ability? Very hard? With professionalism? If you have done it, even if the results are not, and can only be accepted, if necessary, to create conditions so that he continues to do. For a large project team take to control risk is indeed very important and important work of project management, risk control as much as possible. My personal experience is that team decides the success or failure of the project.

When breaking into a common phenomenon

It must set out the problem

South: you won the Grand Prize and first prize of national technological progress, it is very difficult. The view was expressed that, current Chinese researchers on the whole more impetuous, instant success, what do you think about it?

Kim Dong-Han: I weighed only do one thing, is to put a new engine from concept into reality, chose this path, are not promising, some authority in the field of view of the engine will not succeed, but I didn′t think a lot, is to do this thing. Meanwhile, with the help of many people, this is the result of our teams working together.

My personal experience is that doing anything don′t want fame and fortune, to look for direction and maintain power, master scientific methods, perseverance, and strive to do their best work, and eventually you will be rewarded.

South: the current annual investment in science and technology more than 1 trillion yuan, while scientific research funds misappropriated, wasted before exposure, you presided over funding of research projects over the years up to hundreds of millions of Yuan, and how to make use of funds in "on a knife edge" and regulation is there to share the experience?

Kim Dong-Han: on the one hand, some of the rule itself is unreasonable, if violations become a common phenomenon, it must be provided out of the problem. One of the biggest problems is that research costs cannot be charged against staff costs. In the United States and other Western countries, scientific research budget is the one with the highest percentage of labor costs, you might want to 40% per cent or even higher, the Government provided for the regular assessment of, you want to listen to the views of grass-roots, so as to ensure the system is reasonable. The other hand, scientists have to do system, according to the rules, to be honest, scientific research management departments should strengthen audit, once detected will be subject to heavy penalties, and blacklisting, if the cost of compliance is high and costs are low, you will luck, system is not strictly enforced.

Interview: the South reporter Zhu Xiuyu Shangxi interns from Beijing

Responsible editor: Zhao Jiaming SN146

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上海大学校长:放弃科研工作避免利益冲突(图)|科研|职业校长_新闻资讯

　　原标题：“放弃所有科研工作，做一名职业校长”

全国人大代表、上海大学校长金东寒。C FP资料图

　　中国高校普遍存在着“公家田”和“自留地”问题，学校的发展是公家田，自己的专业或团队是自留地，若两者发生冲突，到底该怎么选择？有的人就会首先考虑自留地，这样就和自己的职责相冲突。———全国人大代表、上海大学校长金东寒

　　去年7月，一纸调令，中国船舶重工集团711研究所所长金东寒，出任上海大学校长。

　　“改变一下后半生的经历”，上海团小组审议间隙，金东寒与同在一组的上海市委书记韩正、教育部副部长朱之文谈起自己的跨界转型时说：“我现在没有自留地，只有公家田，我要做职业校长。”言语间透出科学家特有的笃定和一股子韧劲。

　　前半生，金东寒埋头实验室，只做了一件事———研究如何给新型舰船安装上强大的“中国心”。如今，他开始研究如何给中国培养出优秀的大学生。

　　为避免利益冲突

　　校长放弃科研工作

　　南都：去年你从科研单位到了高校，这个跨度对你来说是不是很大？

　　金东寒：是的。一个更像企业，为客户提供适用的产品或满意的服务；一个是主要培养人的，同时还要进行科学研究、社会服务和文化传承。所长和校长尽管做的都是管理，但差别很大。我承诺做一名职业校长，放弃了我过去的科研工作，在学校不准备建自己的团队，也不准备建发动机这个专业。

　　南都：为什么？你做了那么多年科研，现在完全放弃，不会觉得遗憾吗？

　　金东寒：主要是避免利益冲突，因为我的主要职责是把上海大学办好，而不是只让我的专业得到发展。中国高校普遍存在着“公家田”和“自留地”问题，学校的发展是公家田，自己的专业或团队是自留地，若两者发生冲突，到底该怎么选择？有的人就会首先考虑自留地，这样就和自己的职责相冲突。

　　当然会觉得可惜，但没办法兼得，想都得就可能什么都得不到。因为我是跨界来的，没有教育领域工作背景，如果半心半意做，一定做不了好校长。即使全力以赴，可能也做不好，但起码不会留有遗憾，因为我努力了。

　　要让客户说大学好

　　而不是用一些排名

　　南都：这些年来上海大学上升势头很快，有人预计未来10年上海大学会跻身国内综合性大学排名前20，目前上海大学为自己设定了什么样的目标？

　　金东寒：目标肯定是有的，具体怎样描述还在讨论之中，就是想努力把它办好，把学生培养好，把科研做好。你说的前20位，就权当是我们努力的方向吧。很多校长很在乎大学的排名，而我考虑更多的是怎样把学生培养好，让客户说上海大学好，而不是用一些排名说好。

　　南都：你说的“客户”是指谁？

　　金东寒：一个是用人单位，一个是毕业生。如果20年后，上海大学的毕业生说“我因为读了上大，才让我与众不同，才让我走到现在”，我觉得这是最高的评价。我们要么不做，要做就得做到一定的水准，但绝对不是什么都做。我觉得上海大学现在专业太多，相互之间关联度也不太大，下一步应该做减法。

　　南都：哪些放弃，哪些加强，如何选择？

　　金东寒：首先考虑上海经济社会发展的需要，因为上海大学是上海市办的大学，市政府给予很大投入是想让你支撑上海经济社会的发展，在这方面上海大学还有很大的提升空间。目前看，上海大学对上海的支柱产业如汽车、化工、造船以及先进制造业等支撑作用不够明显。其次是学科发展的现状，回顾一下前10年，如果某个学科很多学校都有，发展了很长时间都没有起色，有没有都无所谓，那就应该放弃。有特色的学科而且发展得比较好的，比如材料、美术、电影等学科，我们就要大力发展。

　　南都：上海大学目前在上海的招生比例有多少？

　　金东寒：本地生大概占35%左右，目前只在上海本地有自主招生，名额也很有限。本科生男女比例大概各占一半。

　　我们培养的人

　　创新创业能力不足

　　南都：“十三五”规划草案提出，到2020年若干高校和一批学科达到或接近世界一流水平。在你看来，当前国内名校和世界一流大学的差距主要在哪里？

　　金东寒：我觉得我们培养的人创新创业能力不足，意识也不强，这与美国斯坦福大学等名校的差距很大。斯坦福大学的教育方针强调教育与实业相结合，培养社会实用人才，促进教育为实业服务，因此它的毕业生创业比例很高，解决实际问题的能力也很强。而我们有些专业课程设置跟不上形势，跟产业需求脱节，例如我们计算机专业主要教C语言，而业内用Java的公司占大多数，造成毕业生就业后还需要再培训才能胜任工作。

　　南都：有的领域，像IT行业，发展非常迅速，教学如何跟上这么快的发展节奏？

　　金东寒：这就要求教师必须要承担科学研究或社会服务任务，自身也要不断学习新知识新技术，教材也需要不断更新，还应该跟企业建立紧密的联系，尤其要跟大企业建立战略合作关系，不仅可以让教师有长期的研究课题，而且可以让学生有地方去实习。这样，教师和学生都能知道企业关心什么，学生在学校就有机会参加科研和开发工作，毕业后就能更快地适应工作的需要。

　　南都：但也有人认为本科生要上好课，不能“不务正业”，如何平衡学习和实习？

　　金东寒：课堂教育和课外教育都很重要。对工科学生而言，企业实习环节对学生综合应用所学知识解决实际问题是一个难得的锻炼机会，还有助于学生提高学习的主动性。对企业而言，是企业履行社会责任的一个平台，也是宣传自己的机会，以便吸引优秀的学生前来工作。至于安排多长时间的实习合适，要具体情况具体分析，确实有一个优化的问题。现在的困难是很多企业不愿意接收在校生前来实习，企业应该转变观念，要增强社会责任意识。

　　管理重心将下移

　　大学给学院放权

　　南都：在高校去行政化方面，上海大学有哪些举措？

　　金东寒：我们现在正在考虑将管理重心下移，让学院成为办学的主体，学院办好了，学校也就办好了，所以我们将给学院放权。校长只管定战略、争取资源、找职业化的院长、专业化的管理者以及一流的教授等关键人才。我很赞同教授治学，要把学术事务交给教授决定。但是要设计好机制，在任何情况下都能让一流的人才进得来，让不能胜任的人出得去，避免“武大郎开店”。

　　南都：现在人才竞争很激烈，一所大学如何才能吸引人才、留住人才？

　　金东寒：目前我对教授的工作了解还不深，我发现很多教授主要是靠个人单打独斗，特别是一些理科的教授。对于这种情况，就尽力给他们创造一个宽松的环境吧。我们还要鼓励建立一些学术团队，选择好学术带头人非常重要，这个人不但要有高水平的学术能力，还要有远大志向，心胸广阔，有领导力，这样才能承担大项目，干大事。

　　不得不承认，我们在跟一流大学争夺人才方面处于不利的地位。我们不能光用高薪来吸引人，一定的待遇是必要的，更重要的还要有自己的办学理念，要打造一个好的环境，志同道合才能干成事业。我在考察人才的时候，是非常注重德才兼备的，教授德高才厚，才能完成立德树人的使命。

　　南都：你提出要拉长考核周期，鼓励教授承担高难度的大项目，但高难度也意味着高风险，如果没有成功怎么办？

　　金东寒：基础研究是为了发现新知识，比如苹果为什么从树上掉下来，也带有一定的偶然性，不能以成败论英雄，考核确实有难度。我觉得主要看教师是否有一定的学术能力？是否非常努力？是否具有职业精神？如果都做到了，即便结果不如意，也只能接受，必要的话再创造条件让他继续做。对于团队承担的大项目，控制风险确实非常重要，也是项目管理的重要工作，尽量让风险受控。我个人的经验是团队建设决定项目的成败。

　　当违规成普遍现象

　　那一定是规定出了问题

　　南都：你曾获得国家科技进步特等奖和一等奖，这是非常难的。有观点认为，当前中国科研人员整体上比较浮躁、急功近利，你怎么看？

　　金东寒：我前半辈子就做了一件事，就是把一个新型发动机从概念变成了现实，当初选择这条道路，并不被人看好，有些发动机界的权威认为不可能成功，但我没想很多，就是喜欢做这件事。其间，得到过很多人的帮助，这是我们团队共同奋斗的结果。

　　我个人的体会是，做任何事情不要想着名利，要认准方向，保持定力，掌握科学的方法，坚持不懈，努力把工作做到最好，最终你一定会有所收获。

　　南都：目前国家每年科技投入超过1万亿元，而挪用、浪费科研经费的事情时有曝光，这些年来你主持过的科研项目经费高达数亿元，如何把经费用在“刀刃上”并进行监管，有没有可供分享的经验？

　　金东寒：一方面，有些规定本身不尽合理，如果违规成为普遍现象，那一定是规定出了问题。最大的一个问题就是科研费不能列支人员成本。而在美国等西方国家，科研经费预算中比例最高的一块就是人工费，可能要占40%甚至更高，政府的一些规定要定期进行评估，要多听听基层的意见，这样才能保证制度合理。另一方面，科技人员一定要按制度办，按规则办，要讲诚信，科研管理部门要加强审计，一旦查出就要重罚，并将其列入黑名单，如果守法成本很高，而违法成本很低，大家就会存在侥幸心理，制度就得不到严格执行。

　　采写：南都记者 商西 实习生 朱修玉 发自北京

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