Popular science: understanding in three minutes ARM-ARM of the company, Intel, Intel-IT information

Lift the chip manufacturers, I believe everyone will think is Intel, Samsung, Qualcomm and other companies, but today, SOFTBANK to spend ￡ 24.3 billion purchase of the chip company--ARM--did you know?

ARM is known as the United Kingdom's most successful technology companies, with the wave of Internet obscurity of the United Kingdom, its low profile to the pavement outside have barely heard of its name, but this does not affect its position in the semiconductor industry as a whole. How development ARM? What is its relationship with Intel?

Keep pace with Intel ARM

Although ARM and Intel in the semiconductor industry, but in the field of development, achievements and business models are completely different.

Dominated by Intel's chips are the traditional PC and server markets, while the ARM is moving end chips without a doubt giants.

Started out as a mobile intelligent Terminal now, ARM has been the leadership position in the chip market. In 2015, including Qualcomm, Samsung, mediatek, 1384 mobile chip makers around the world, using the ARM architecture, and more than 85% of the world Smartphone and tablet computer chips using the ARM architecture processors, more than 70% smart TV is using the ARM processor.

▲图片说明： ARM in the semi-conductor market share (source: 2015 ARM results)

A completely different business model

2015 ARM's revenues reached US $ 1.489 billion, while Intel was 51.69 billion dollars. Causes of disparities is that their business model is totally different.

Intel research and development, manufacturing and chip sales, and the ARM is the technology licensing to other semiconductor manufacturers, collect a small amount of license fee .

Seen from the revenues and valuations, ARM and Intel comparison disparity, but in fact, as technical innovation and technology licensing ARM upstream in the chain has been in the semiconductor industry.

Under the ARM business model, almost all semiconductor companies worldwide has reached an agreement with ARM, using the ARM chip architecture and technology, focused on the production and sales. License fee charged by the ARM continues to invest in research and development, to repeatedly .

In 2015, the ARM half of revenues come from a technique a few years ago, from smartphones to the mobile base station, from a WiFi hotspot to the corporate network, from smart TV to video on demand Server chip almost everywhere carries the ARM architecture. Selling intellectual property rights model putting ARM in the top of the industry value chain, authorized Enterprise profit and loss has nothing to do with it.

In contrast, Intel, while the overall revenue is huge, but, I couldn't help falling, so the ARM business model than its success was more than a little.

▲图片说明： ARM technology in various areas (source: 2015 ARM results)

▲图片说明： ARM revenues composition (source: 2015 ARM results)

Mobile launched a new competition

A research and development, manufacturing and sales, is selling IP, what does Intel and ARM there is no competition?

Indeed, because of the ARM license fee is very low, from the perspective of actual revenues, over the past few years in semiconductor revenue ranking, Samsung close behind the top Intel, Samsung is Intel's substantial competition.

But with mobile terminal chip market of constantly expanded, Intel also see has market of future where, has been wants to with in PC and the server chip market Shang of absolute advantage, will chip schema introduced mobile terminal, so this years action frequently, but is because its super high of power and is difficulties, and ARM has always been only design low power processor, so in mobile terminal field of chip competition, Intel is some ambition.

Facing the pressure of Intel attacks, ARM also shouted: "Intel figured eating two computers and mobile phones market, we want to say no! "In recent years, ARM on the one hand introduced a new schema (such as the big.LITTLE schema), on the other hand also improved performance of core structures to attract firms to ARM architecture into the PC and server markets.

PS: ARM history

In 1978, the Acorn RISC Machine ARM predecessor was established in Cambridge.

In February 1985, when IT shares of giant Olivetti acquired Acorn 49.3%, uses ARM processors for more research and development, making Acorn development, Acorn, independence.

In November 1990, Acorn, Apple and VLSI co-funding created ARM. Acorn RISC Machine officially changed its name to Advanced RISC Machine.

In 1993, Cirrus Logic and Texas Instruments join ARM camps. ARM7 that year.

In 1997, the ARM ARM9 milestone products, marking the ARM processor officially entered the field of microprocessors.

On April 17, 1998, the ARM on the London Stock Exchange and the United States NASDAQ market.

In 2004, the birth of Cortex family of processors, digital processor never named. It is divided into three class a, r, and m, targeted to a different market.

In 2008, the shipments exceeded 10 billion ARM chips

In June 2010, Apple said it intends to buy ARM for $ 8 billion, but was rejected. ARM CEO Warren East said "ARM companies worth more as separate companies ."

In 2011, ARM introduced its first 64-bit architecture ARMv8, also launched a big. LITTLE technical, high performance core combined with energy-efficient core.

On December 13, 2013, ARM acquired the famous optical engine technology company Geomerics, expanding leader in the graphics industry.

In 2015, the ARM based on ARMv8 introduced a new standard platform for the enterprise market, also began in the field of Internet development effort.

科普向：三分钟了解ARM公司 - ARM,英特尔,Intel - IT资讯

提起芯片厂商，相信每一个人都会想起的是英特尔、三星、高通等这些公司，但今天软银要花243亿英镑收购的这家芯片公司——ARM——你了解吗？

ARM被誉为英国最成功的科技公司，与在互联网浪潮中默默无闻的英国一样，它低调到外行人基本没有听过它的名字，但这并不影响它在整个半导体行业的地位。ARM究竟发展如何？其与英特尔的关系又是什么？

与英特尔并驾齐驱的ARM

ARM与英特尔虽然同在半导体行业，但在发展领域、成就和商业模式上却完全不同。

英特尔所称霸的芯片领域是传统的PC及服务器市场，而ARM则是移动终端芯片领域毫无疑问的巨头。

从移动智能终端起步到现在，ARM一直处于这个芯片市场的领导地位。2015年，包括高通、三星、联发科等在内的全球1384家移动芯片制造商都采用了ARM的架构，全球有超过85%的智能手机和平板电脑的芯片都采用的是ARM架构的处理器，超过70%的智能电视也在使用ARM的处理器。

▲图片说明：ARM在半导体领域的市场份额（资料来源：2015年ARM财报）

完全不同的商业模式

2015年ARM的营收达到为14.89亿美元，而英特尔则为516.9亿美元。差距悬殊的原因是在于二者的商业模式完全不同。

英特尔研发、制造芯片并销售，而ARM则是把技术授权给其他半导体制造商，从中收取少量的授权费。

虽然从营收和估值上看，ARM和英特尔对比悬殊，但事实上，作为以技术创新和技术授权为主的ARM一直站在半导体产业链的上游。

在ARM这种商业模式下，基本上全球所有的半导体公司都与ARM达成协议，采用ARM的芯片架构与技术，把重心放在生产与销售上。而ARM收取的授权费则继续再投入到研发中，以此反复。

2015年，ARM有一半的收入来自于其几年前的一项技术，从智能手机到移动基站，从WiFi热点到企业网络，从智能电视到视频点播服务器，承载着ARM架构设计的芯片几乎无处不在。售卖知识产权的模式让ARM处于整个行业价值链顶端，授权企业的盈亏都与它无关。

而反观英特尔，虽然整体营收巨大，却止不住下跌趋势，所以ARM在商业模式就比其成功了不止一点。

▲图片说明：ARM技术授权在各领域比例（资料来源：2015年ARM财报）

▲图片说明：ARM营收构成（资料来源：2015年ARM财报）

移动领域发起的新竞争

一个研发、制造并销售，一个只是售卖IP，是不是英特尔与ARM就不存在竞争了呢？

确实，由于ARM的授权费相当低廉，从实际的营收角度看，在过去几年的半导体公司收入排行中，三星紧跟在榜首英特尔的后面，因此三星才是英特尔实质性的竞争对手。

但随着移动终端芯片市场的不断扩大，英特尔也看到了市场的未来所在，一直想凭借在PC及服务器芯片市场上的绝对优势，将芯片架构引入移动终端，因此这几年动作频频，但却因为其超高的功耗而显得困难重重，而ARM向来只设计低功耗处理器，所以在移动终端领域的芯片竞争，英特尔显得有些力不从心。

面对英特尔进攻的压力，ARM也喊出：“英特尔想通吃电脑和手机两块市场，我们要说NO！”这几年，ARM一方面推出新的架构（如big.LITTLE架构），另外一方面也不断改进核心结构提升性能，吸引相关厂商将ARM架构引入PC和服务器市场。

附：ARM的成长史

1978年，ARM前身Acorn RISC Machine于剑桥成立。

1985年2月，当时的IT巨头Olivetti收购Acorn 49.3%的股份，更多地将ARM处理器用于研发，这让Acorn发展受阻，所以Acorn选择独立。

1990年11月，Acorn、Apple和VLSI共同出资创建了ARM。Acorn RISC Machine正式更名为Advanced RISC Machine。

1993年，Cirrus Logic和德州仪器公司先后加入ARM阵营。当年ARM7问世。

1997年，ARM里程碑产品ARM9发布，标志着ARM处理器正式进入微处理器领域。

1998年4月17日，ARM在英国伦敦证交所和美国纳斯达克上市。

2004年，Cortex系列处理器诞生，从此不再用数字为处理器命名。它分为A、R和M三类，面向不同的市场。

2008年，ARM芯片的出货量正式突破100亿片

2010年6月，苹果表示有意以80亿美元的价格收购ARM，但遭到拒绝。ARM公司CEO Warren East称“ARM公司作为独立公司更具价值”。

2011年，ARM推出了旗下首款64位架构ARMv8，还推出了big.LITTLE技术，高性能核心与节能核心相结合。

2013年12月13日，ARM收购著名光引擎技术公司Geomerics，扩大在图形技术行业的领先地位。

2015年，ARM基于ARMv8架构推出了面向企业级市场的新平台标准，此外还开始在物联网领域发力。