Foreign media in China sweatshops: cooking steel toilet needed report | sweatshops _ news
Shenzhen honghu branch wraps the deli at Wal-Mart staff (on August 8, 2014). Xinhua News Agency

Original title: US media interview with Chinese sweatshop "undercover": food a steel toilet, requires reporting

Reference news, August 8 US media said labour activists Hong Ge (a pseudonym), seven years in his capacity as ordinary workers access to sweatshop production line in China to have a first hand experience for China over the lives of the workers at the bottom.

The voice published an article on August 3, said Disney's factories in Shenzhen, he was smoking and dizzy with paint and water mixture of banana; iPad factory in Shanghai, he had 18 days of continuous work, tired to "walking the road to sleep"; he went to Foxconn's blacklist, heard the working too many poignant stories. Guhonggege said: "as far as I know, in China, professional ' undercover ' line of not more than 10 people. ”

　　Came to carry

Hong Ge says his sympathy and understanding of the underlying labour in China as early as from the father. Guhonggege at the age of 18 years to find the first job in my life, a waitress at the hotel. Later, he moved to apprentice in the kitchen. A few years later, he worked in Shenzhen in the South, then traveled to Beijing, in the kitchen chopping, wages are barely enough. In 2009, a friend, he began working for the Shenzhen labour NGO organizations.

Said on January 1, 1995, the People's Republic of China labour force. 2008 also introduced the labor contract law and the People's Republic of China Law on mediation and arbitration of labor disputes. However, the implementation of these laws and not well, and many enterprises are in operation there are a large number of violations.

Industry surge for novice Hong Ge does not make much sense. He have no concept of labour NGO, "only know what is in the public interest category for workers to provide some help."

　　Beginning of undercover experience: you don't belong

Said Hong Ge's first job was to plant "undercover" jargon "in for a survey." Recruitment is there discrimination? There is no improper fees? Check does not check the contract? How long time? How benefits? Production facilities, living conditions ... ... In a week's time, investigators through induction, on-the-job experience, every aspect of the separation, clarify the nearly 200 questions on the survey.

Hong Ge said that the investigation into factory is the workers the basic skills of NGO staff. He said: "I went to a toy factory was the first factory in Shenzhen, there were six thousand or seven thousand people, is a relatively large toy factory, is a Disney production. ”

This is a Hong Kong-funded enterprises, Disney, in addition to supply, but also United States Hasbro, Mattel and Wal-Mart supplier. Hong Ge was assigned to factory Printing Department, responsible for the trademark printed on the toy products.

He said: "painting and days that water (commonly known as banana oil) after the amalgamation of the taste is pungent, it's hard to describe what it is a taste and smell the giddy. Many workers have a special type of grease. Dorm room is filled with the taste. Gave my first impression is that there be very hard, because you want to keep repeating an action, and not to make mistakes. Because once there, fail to yield, the head will criticize you. In accordance with normal human pride, he once said, you must be very stressful. ”

Left, Hong Ge does not get the money. Factory does not approve his resignation, he left empty-handed.

　　"A lot of workers have no expression on her face"

Provisions of relevant laws of China, workers work for no more than 8 hours a day, under special circumstances, 1-3 hours of overtime per day. Total no more than 36 hours of overtime per month.

Article said that many factories in China, many workers time in the more than 100 hours of overtime a month. As wages to the basic salary plus piece-rate calculations, workers more overtime to earn more money, while one month's hard work, often only local minimum wage.

Guhonggege "undercover" career of one of the most uncomfortable is a factory in Shanghai. Company United States iPhone6 and iPad case from Apple. Workers and more than 10,000 people. Guhonggege was in the transport sector, is responsible for the product from one production line to another line.

He said: "to work two hours a day, all of my clothes are wet, sweat clothes are all wet. ”

Article said that because the investigation needed, that once he is in the factory "undercover" for 45 days. He said: "I work in 18 days in a row, more than 10 hours a day, the longest a 14 hour shift. 7, into a factory, to more than 12 o'clock in the morning to return to their place. ”

His head off, not be approved. Absenteeism will be dismissed, he can only continue.

　　Workers lived a lonely depressed life

Article said that some smaller factories provided by Hong Ge as "abnormal". He said: "If you want to go to the bathroom had to report. If there were 10 people on a production line, you go to the toilet, after getting post cards, it was to the top of your post, you have to leave to go to the bathroom. ”

There are also factory and dormitory conditions made him fearful. He said: "I've been to the worst plant should be around 10 years to a toy factory. Is a company set up in Shenzhen, a manufacturing sector in Hong Kong, mainly Disney suppliers. Request sleeps 12 people in the dorm, which no one waste management. Bed very old iron beds, rusty, maybe heavier people can make the bed collapse. Dormitory only two fans, also belonging to the strike. Very hot in the summer, and I can't sleep at night. Only one public toilet and bathroom on each floor. Many of the Windows have no glass, leaving only some iron window frames. ”

Guhonggege said: "I was eating in the factory, eating a second meal and found the meal very unhealthy. To eat some junk food, such as steel wool, or wool or something like that. ”

Said Hong Ge, Wal-Mart's notoriously poor factory conditions in the industry: "when Wal-Mart goes shopping in the factory, the price pressure is very low, resulting in many poor environment, living conditions, wages or does not meet the requirements of General factory, even the most basic requirements are not up to. ”

Article says, not factory, Hong Ge and workers outside the plant perimeter interview. The factories of the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta he visited one hundred or two hundred, having listened to the experience of many workers, most of them complained that wages were too low, and disaffection; some stories are heartbreaking.

He said: "a workers ' families contact me before, said the family died in the factory, what reason did not know, listening to his voice weak, can feel kind of helpless. These years (workers) jumping off a very, very shocking. Workers lived a very lonely and depressing life. Over time, it will cause a psychological shadow. Including me, after exposure to this case, he has to take time to adjust. ”

Said Hong Ge trying to Foxconn's "undercover", was not accepted. The manufacturer said that he had been "blacklisted". "Why is ' blacklisted ' I don't know," Hong Ge puzzled: "I didn't go to the Foxconn before the gate. "Hong Ge would not see themselves portrayed as idealists, although if he's to be a skilled worker, you can make more money.

"It doesn't mean to be or what we are in order to survive," he said, "but compared to workers who just for the sake of making money, we can help a lot of people. From this point on that, I have some sense of superiority. ”

Responsible editor: Wang Hao

Article keywords:
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外媒看中国血汗工厂:饭菜有钢丝 上厕所需报告|血汗工厂_新闻资讯
工作人员在沃尔玛深圳洪湖店对熟食进行包装（2014年8月8日摄）。新华社发

　　原标题：美媒专访中国血汗工厂“卧底”：饭菜有钢丝 上厕所需报告

　　参考消息网8月8日报道 美媒称，劳工维权人士洪哥(化名)七年多以来以普通打工者的身份出入中国各地的血汗工厂的生产第一线，以亲身经历披露中国底层工人的生活。

　　美国之音电台网站8月3日发表文章称，在深圳的迪士尼代工厂，他曾被油漆和香蕉水的混合物熏得头晕眼花；在上海的iPad加工厂，他曾连续工作18天，累到“走着路都想睡觉”；他上过富士康的黑名单，听过太多打工的辛酸故事。洪哥说：“据我所知，在中国，做职业‘卧底’这行的不会超过10个人。”

　　懵懵懂懂入行

　　洪哥说，他对中国底层劳工的同情和了解最早来自父亲。洪哥年满18岁时找到了人生中第一份工作，在酒店做服务生。后来，他转到厨房学徒。几年后，他南下深圳打工，然后辗转去了北京，在后厨切菜，工资勉强可以糊口。2009年，经朋友介绍，他开始为深圳一个劳工NGO组织工作。

　　文章称，1995年1月1日，《中华人民共和国劳动法》正式施行。2008年又出台了《劳动合同法》、 《中华人民共和国劳动争议调解仲裁法》。不过，这些法律并没有得到很好的执行，很多企业在运作中有大量违法违规行为。

　　业界的风起云涌对于刚入行的洪哥没有太大意义。他当时对劳工NGO没什么概念，“只知道是在公益范畴里面，为工人提供一些帮助”。

　　卧底初体验：没有归属感

　　文章称，洪哥的第一份工作是去工厂“卧底”，行话叫“进厂调查”。招工是否存在歧视？有没有不当收费？签不签劳动合同？工作时间多长？福利待遇如何？生产设施、生活条件怎样……在一周左右的时间，调查员通过亲历入职、在职、离职的每个环节，厘清调查报告上近200个问题。

　　洪哥说，入厂调查是每个劳工NGO工作人员的基本功。他说：“我去的第一家工厂是一家玩具厂，在深圳，有六七千人，算是比较大的玩具厂，是给迪士尼生产的。”

　　这是一家港资企业，除了为迪士尼供货外，还为美国孩之宝、美泰和沃尔玛供货。洪哥被分到工厂移印部，负责在玩具上印上产品商标。

　　他说：“油漆和天那水(俗称香蕉水)溶合后的味道很刺鼻，很难形容那是一种什么味道，闻着就头晕。很多工人身上都有一种特殊的油渍。宿舍里也弥漫着那种味道。当时给我的第一感觉就是在那里做非常辛苦，因为要一直不停地重复一个动作，而且还不能出错。因为一旦出错，达不到产量，组长是一定会批评你的。按照正常人的自尊心来说，他一旦说你，你一定觉得压力非常大。”

　　离开时，洪哥没有拿到钱。工厂不批准他的辞职申请，他只能空着手离开。

　　“很多工人脸上都没有表情了”

　　中国有关法律规定，劳动者每日工作时间不超过8小时，特殊情况下，每天可加班1到3小时。每月加班总量不得超过36小时。

　　文章称，在中国很多工厂，不少工人每月的加班时间在100小时以上。由于工资多以底薪加计件计算，工人只有多加班才能多挣钱，而一个月拼命加班下来，往往只能拿到当地政府规定的最低工资。

　　洪哥“卧底”生涯中最难受的一次是在上海的一家工厂。这家公司为美国苹果公司生产iPhone6和iPad的外壳。工人总数超过1万人。洪哥被分在转运部门，负责把产品从一条生产线转移到另一条生产线。

　　他说：“每天上班两个小时之内，我的衣服全部会被打湿，因为出汗把衣服全都浸湿了。”

　　文章称，因为调查需要，那一次他在这家工厂“卧底”了45天。他说：“我连续18天都在上班，每天十几个小时，最长的一次上了14个小时的班。早上7点多进工厂，到凌晨12点多才回到自己住的地方。”

　　他跟组长请假，不被批准。无故旷工会被开除，他只能继续坚持。

　　工人过着孤单压抑的生活

　　文章称，一些小工厂的规定被洪哥称为“变态”。他说：“你要是想上厕所得先打报告。假如一条生产线上有10个人，你申请上厕所，要拿到离岗证以后，有人来顶你的岗，你才能离开去上厕所。”

　　还有一些厂房和宿舍的条件让他心寒。他说：“我去过的最烂的厂房应该是10年左右去的一家玩具厂。是香港一家公司在深圳成立的一个生产部门，主要给迪士尼供货。宿舍里要求睡12个人，里面的垃圾根本没人管理。那些床位非常陈旧，铁床，生锈的，重一点的人说不定就能把床睡塌了。宿舍只有两个电风扇，还属于罢工的状态。夏天非常炎热，根本睡不着觉。每层只有一个公用的卫生间和冲凉房。很多窗户没有玻璃，只剩下一些铁的窗框。”

　　洪哥还说：“当时我在工厂吃饭，吃了第二餐就发现那个饭非常不卫生。在饭里还能吃到一些杂物，比如钢丝球，或者是毛线之类的。”

　　洪哥说，沃尔玛代工厂的条件在业界差得出名：“沃尔玛去工厂买东西的时候，价格压得非常低，致使很多工厂环境很差，生活环境也好，工资也好，不符合一般工厂的要求，连最基本的要求达不到。”

　　文章称，不下工厂时，洪哥在厂外和工人做外围访谈。珠三角和长三角的工厂他去过一二百家，听过很多打工者的经历，大多数是抱怨工资太低，对现状不满；有的故事则令人心碎。

　　他说：“之前有一个工人家属联系我，说家人在工厂死了，什么原因都不知道，听他说话的声音有气无力，能感觉到那种无助。这些年(工人)跳楼的非常多，非常触目惊心。工人过着一种非常孤单、压抑的生活。久而久之，就会造成心理阴影。也包括我，接触多了这种案例后，自己都要抽时间去调整。”

　　文章称，洪哥试图去富士康“卧底”，没被录用。厂方说，他已被列入“黑名单”。 “为什么在‘黑名单’当中我自己搞不清楚，”洪哥觉得困惑：“我之前压根没进过富士康大门。” 洪哥不愿把自己描绘成理想主义者，虽然如果他去做一个技术工人，可以挣到更多钱。

　　“不是说要献身或是怎么样，我们也是为了生存，”他说：“但是相比那些纯粹为了赚钱的工人，我们可以帮助很多人。从这一点上说，我还是有些优越感的。”

责任编辑：王浩成

文章关键词：
血汗工厂

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