US media: the world be changed by the network, it is difficult to imagine life without a net-NET, the Web-IT information
United States website August 19 to the Washington Post article entitled ' 5 myths ' of the network said while celebrating the 25 anniversary of the birth of the World Wide Web, we are becoming increasingly difficult to imagine life without the Internet.
Article says, although there is no doubt that the world is changed by the power of the network, but its history includes some enduring myths and hilarious na?ve forecast.
Myth one, when we know who invented the World Wide Web and the Internet
In Google's query on who invented the World Wide Web and the Internet, it will give you the answer. However, "invented" the concept failed to reflect the true history of these technologies, they came from the cooperation of many people, and their development is characterized by rare moments of apparent shift.
A prominent figure in the history of the World Wide Web is Berners-Lee. He invented the format text file to Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) used for sending files over the Internet, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and software program that allows you to view and browse the Web. However, Berners-Lee was not one day sit down and invent the Internet. There are many pioneers had outlined the ideas and systems. Tim Berners-Lee from 1980 to consider Hypertext program, nearly 10 years after and luobeier·kayue have developed a programme of information management systems.
Another milestone on December 20, 1990, the first website online on August 6, 1991, Berners-Lee on a public mailing list, announcing the World Wide Web project; announced on April 30, 1993, the World Wide Web's underlying code to all free of charge. Although sidifen·lukaxike and Wente·SEFU and baobo·Kaen and other Internet pioneers on the actual situation of a number of well documented, but it turns out, the Internet comes from militarism and United States former Vice President Al Gore role of myth is difficult to remove.
Myth, the World Wide Web is the second United States inventions
Discussions on Internet governance often focuses on international pressure to reduce United States control. Starting in the 60 's to the mid 80, United States Department of China's national defense at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars developing core technologies of the Internet. By United States Defense Communications Agency, the advanced research projects Agency and China entity, defence investment in building digital infrastructure we use to browse the Web has played an important role. Congress and the White House to pass laws and policies to support the commercial development of Internet and e-commerce.
But clearly the World Wide Web originating in Europe and even the United States the contribution of full international cooperation. Berners-Lee is an Englishman, he with the Belgium engineer kayue in Switzerland developed a key technology of the World Wide Web. CERF and Kahn, close cooperation with the European researchers developed France computer scientist luyi·puzan concept. While Gore is in the context of clear global vision to promote "information superhighway", such as the famous speech in 1994, the International Telecommunication Union.
Myth three, Government forces in the area of Internet fashion
Network was developed in an era of globalization, so the author looks forward to its future may also exhibit some kind of extreme mania. Best example is yuehan·Peili·baluo in 1996, Switzerland Davos wrote the Declaration of independence of cyberspace. The libertarian in its manifesto to write down some lines: "industrial society and country, you tiresome flesh-and-blood giants of steel, I come from the online world, it is the new home of thought ... ... In the aggregate, you have no sovereignty ... ... About your property, expression, identity, action and legal concepts do not apply to us. They are based on the material, but there's no substance. ”
Barlow was also reflected in article "Internet freedom" views of some deeper flaws. These opinions drown Government in inventing and shaping the role of maintaining network technologies.
Myths, gatekeepers for people died; everything is messed up
Network harm "watchmen" point of view is not entirely wrong. Many musicians as works on YouTube went viral and received a recording contract. Similar phenomena also changed academia, researchers may publish research results in their website, thus bypassing the time-consuming and costly academic publications.
However, in the music business, academic publishing, and other fields, these changes have not yet raised predicted revolution. Large record companies adapt to the network-based distribution and revenue models, as well as academic and popular veteran of the publishing industry giant.
Myth five, large-scale cyber attacks coming
Although large-scale cyber-attacks has not yet appeared, but experts have been using the threat to move the network out of some bad habits and outdated technology. Whether the World Wide Web or the Internet, their designs are not committed to the security and privacy commitments escalate their efforts to a great extent failed. This makes Web users vulnerable to Government, corporations and a variety of anonymous attacks criminals.
Meanwhile, most users have become accustomed to hackers and virus attacks. They take it for granted that, in no way to guarantee privacy and security on your network. However, while there are a lot of loopholes and a major data breach on a regular basis, but would have expected "Digital Pearl Harbor" event has not yet occurred.
美媒：世界被网络改变，难以想象没有网的日子 - 网络,万维网 - IT资讯
美国《华盛顿邮报》网站8月19日发表题为《网络的5个迷思》的文章称，在庆祝万维网诞生25周年的时候，我们越来越难以想象没有网络的日子。
文章称，尽管我们的世界毫无疑问是被网络的威力改变了，但它的历史还包括一些持久的迷思和滑稽的天真预测。
迷思一、我们知道是谁在什么时候发明了万维网和互联网
在谷歌上查询是谁发明了万维网和互联网，它会给你答案。可是，“发明”这个概念没有很好地反映这些技术的真实历史，它们来自许多人的合作，而且它们的发展以罕有明显转变的时刻为特征。
万维网历史中的一个杰出人物是蒂姆·伯纳斯-李。他发明了用于编排文本文件格式的超文本标记语言（HTML）、用于在互联网上发送文件的超文本传输协议（HTTP）以及用于查看和浏览网页的软件程序。不过，伯纳斯-李不是在某一天坐下来就发明了互联网。有许多先驱此前概述了创意和系统。而伯纳斯-李从1980年开始考虑超文本程序，将近10年后才和罗贝尔·卡约开发出一个信息管理系统的方案。
其他里程碑包括1990年12月20日第一个网站上线；1991年8月6日伯纳斯-李在一个公共邮件发送清单上宣布万维网项目；1993年4月30日宣布万维网的基础代码对所有人免费开放。尽管斯蒂芬·卢卡西克、文特·瑟夫和鲍勃·卡恩等网络先驱对实际情况进行了一些清楚的记录，但事实证明，有关互联网源于军国主义和美国前副总统戈尔起作用的迷思难以消除。
迷思二、万维网是美国发明的
有关互联网管理的讨论通常集中于国际施压来降低美国的控制。从上世纪60年代到上世纪80年代中期，美国中国国防部耗资数亿美元研发互联网核心技术。通过美国高级研究计划局和中国国防部通信局等实体，国防投资在建立我们用来浏览网页的数字基础设施方面发挥了重要作用。国会和白宫通过法律和制定政策来支持商业互联网和电子商务的发展。
但是万维网明确源自欧洲，就连美国所做的贡献也充斥着国际合作。伯纳斯-李是英国人，他同比利时工程师卡约一道在瑞士开发了万维网的一些关键技术。瑟夫和卡恩与欧洲研究人员密切合作，发展了法国计算机科学家路易·普赞的概念。而戈尔是在明确的全球愿景的背景下推广“信息高速公路”的，比如1994年在国际电信联盟发表的著名演讲。
迷思三、政府力量在互联网领域过时了
网络是在一个全球化时代发展成熟的，所以撰文展望其未来可能如何的人同样表现出某种极度的狂热。最佳例证是约翰·佩里·巴洛1996年在瑞士达沃斯撰写的《网络空间独立宣言》。这位自由论者在其宣言中写下了一些佳句：“工业社会的国家，你们这些令人厌倦的钢铁血肉巨人，我来自网络世界，它是思想的新家园……在我们的聚合之地，你们没有主权……你们有关财产、言论、身份、行动和情景的法律概念不适用于我们。它们以物质为基础，但这里没有物质。”
巴洛的文章也体现了“网络自由论”观点的一些更深层缺陷。这些观点掩盖了政府在发明和维护网络技术方面的塑造作用。
迷思四、守门人死了；一切都乱了
网络伤害“守门人”的观点不完全是错的。众多音乐人因为作品在YouTube上疯传而获得了唱片合约。类似现象也改变了学术界，研究人员可能把研究成果发表在自己的网站上，从而绕过耗时久和费用高的学术出版机构。
不过，在音乐界、学术出版界和其他领域，这些改变尚未引发预测的革命。大的唱片公司最终适应了基于网络的发行和收入模式，就像学术和流行出版业的老牌巨头一样。
迷思五、大规模网络攻击即将到来
虽然大规模网络攻击尚未出现，但专家一直利用这种威胁试图让网络摆脱一些坏习惯和落后技术。不管是万维网还是互联网，它们的设计都没有坚定不移的安全和隐私承诺，而升级它们的努力在很大程度上也失败了。这使网络用户容易受到政府、公司和各种匿名不法分子的攻击。
与此同时，大部分用户已经对黑客和病毒攻击变得习以为常。他们想当然地认为，在网络上没办法保证隐私和安全。不过，虽然存在大量漏洞和定期出现重大数据泄露事件，但早就预料的“数字珍珠港”事件尚未发生。