25 Linux way: without it, the Internet might not be so good-Linux-IT information
On August 25, 1991, Finland linasi·tuowozi computer science majors (Linus Torvalds) inadvertently referred to his friends his new stuff: "I make a free open source operating system. "He said he was just interested.
But he has made things far more than "interested" so simple. Today, the open source operating system Linux has become one of the world's most important computer program. Name may sound strange, in fact, it has been always around you: your phone, Tablet OS is built on Linux. If you use the iPhone and Mac, and you also with Linux to confront. Because almost all of the Web sites and pages are driven by Linux. Facebook, Google, Pinterest there the servers of Wikipedia-they are based on the Linux build.
Simply put, not Linux, the Internet not so wonderful today.
Also, don't think that Linux is just a thing exists in the cyber world. Now it is also entered in televisions and cars operating system. Linasi·tuowozi hobby 25 years ago playing with a set of code, now walk into every aspect of our lives. Called "cardinal everything" is not.
Origin of the idea
Build the Linux days 25 years ago. At that time, server operating systems in the world have been at and t Bell Labs Unix system monopoly. But the fly in the ointment is that the Unix Copyrights AT&T all, run only on high-end machines. Geeks appear eager to have a comparable system to give people on their computers will be able to experience the beauty of science and technology.
In 1984, Richard Stallman (Richard Stallman) started the GNU project. (The reader can think of this as a free version of Unix) to 1991, Stallman and his company successfully to rewrite all of the Unix code. But they missed a crucial part of the operating system kernel. Kernel is an essential part of a mature operating system, it, hardware information can transferred to code understood by software. When Torvalds decided to complete the kernel write.
Then, is what we see in the history. Used by thousands of developers based on GNU and Linux, plus other features of what they value, and build their own operating systems. In these operating systems today are collectively referred to as "GNU/Linux derivative distributions". Stallman and Torvalds to a bit of a spark, setting off the pomp of the great fire of the Internet.
Network application
Linux directly contributing to the rise of the Internet boom. Now it's hard to say exactly how popular Linux on the server side. According to a W3Tech survey, Unix and network server class Unix operating system drives the global 67%. And the number of Linux at least half. Has become almost synonymous with server systems.
To produce rich Microsoft subsequently launched the personal computer server system. The business giant sees Linux as the heart calamities of nature, Microsoft Azure for a long period of time, has banned users to use Linux on Azure. But public opinion hard to stem Microsoft's resistance only to the year 2012, then had to turned-Linux open to receiving arms from the civilian population. It is learnt that some one-third users running Linux on Azure system, rather than Microsoft's Windows Home Server. Later, even Microsoft began using Linux Azure behind some of the features. In order to adapt Linux popular trends, Microsoft is also working with Canonical (the famous publishers of the derived version of Ubuntu) to cooperate, in their Windows laptop users can more easily write Linux programs.
Linux so invincible for a reason. On the money for the business, free popular nature than charges. Windows Server while it was still in business thinking sell for high prices, most Linux distributions are free. More importantly, Linux is "open source software", meaning users can freely modify Linux programs according to their needs, and enable it to better serve your needs. And this is not allowed in the commercial system.
With the development of networks, and software developers to Linux equipped with more complete software functionality. Now, a number of important technologies such as Apache Web server, MySQL database, Perl programming language has become the essential set of almost all Linux distributions.
Maybe the success of Linux can be a little fortune on a fluke. In the 1990 's, a wave of such Unix server operating system emerged, is an industry leader of AT&T certainly will not let so many competitors to grow. AT&T through a series of lawsuits and legal proceedings against the larger forces of competition. However, despite the industry big boys like, lucky is that the civilian system Linux is finally growing up.
Towards the wider world
Countless days and nights in the past, Linux unknown to assume roles behind the scenes. Dedicated to service the world's most popular Web sites. However in the field of personal computers has not succeeded. Public users prefer simple and complex Linux command line and poor graphical interface so that ordinary computer users can't close. Fate of the change came in 2008, to curb the rapid development of the iPhone, Google launched the Android mobile operating system in the year. Though Android does not directly run the Linux desktop apps, but Android's success inspired great open source software such as Linux. After 17 years of struggling to find, open software finally ushered into the dawn of the personal device.
Android now has become a buzzword in the Smartphone market. Android sedan accounted for almost all market share outside of the iPhone. According to a Gartner survey, first quarter of 2016, Android phones occupy a market share of up to 84% of the camp. But Linux's ambition was not satisfied with the phone. Now you can at Samsung and LG's smart TV sees its shadow. Inside Amazon's Kindle is hiding his smile.
Linux's ambitions include a car. Tesla car giant display is driven by the Linux system. And many other auto manufacturers such as Toyota, Honda and Ford sponsor "Linux Auto" (Automotive Grade Linux) project. Aimed at the development of automobile software and automotive network. The self-driving car is hot discussion now, also using Linux technology to accomplish complex automation control.
Whether it is trying to implement a custom software developer, or desire to create their own brand of automobile company-they choose Linux because of the same reason. Linux easy to modify the code to suit your needs, and then are free to share and put into mass production, instead of after like commercial software license. It all began 25 years ago that Finland students ' interest in the move. Linasi·tuowozi selected to share their work with the world, rather than the closed-source fees, completed the "interest" to the gorgeous transformation of boundless beneficence.
25年Linux之路：没有它，互联网可能不会这么精彩 - Linux - IT资讯
1991年8月25日，芬兰电脑科学专业的学生李纳斯·托沃兹（Linus Torvalds）不经意间对朋友提及自己的新玩意儿：“我在打造一个免费开源的操作系统。”他说自己只是兴趣之举。
不过他所做出来的东西远超“兴趣”那么简单。今天，开源操作系统Linux已成为世界上最重要的电脑程序之一。听名字你可能感觉陌生，其实它一直常伴在你左右：你的手机、平板的操作系统都是基于Linux构建的。就算你在使用iPhone和Mac，你也同样与Linux打过照面了。因为几乎所有的网站和网页都是由Linux在带动。Facebook、谷歌、Pinterest还有维基百科——他们的服务器都是基于Linux搭建的。
简单说，没有Linux，互联网不会有今天这么精彩。
而且呢，不要以为Linux只是个存在于网络世界的东西。现在它也开始进入电视机和汽车的操作系统中了。25年前李纳斯·托沃兹出于爱好摆弄出来的一套代码，如今已经走进我们生活的方方面面。称之为“万物枢机”并不为过。
念头缘起
打造Linux的年头产生自25年前。那个时候，全世界服务器的操作系统都被AT&T贝尔实验室的Unix系统垄断。不过美中不足的是，Unix版权归AT&T所有，只能运行在高端机器上。极客们渴望有一个能与之媲美的系统出现，让普通人在自家电脑上就能体验科技之美。
1984年，理查德·斯托曼（Richard Stallman）开始了GNU项目。（读者可以把这看成一个免费版本的Unix）到了1991年，斯托曼和他的公司成功地重写了Unix的全部代码。不过他们遗漏了操作系统中至关重要的一个部分：内核。内核是一个成熟操作系统必不可少的部分，有了它，硬件传输来的各种信息才能转为代码被软件理解。这个时候，托沃兹决定自己来完成内核的编写。
再后来，就是我们所看到的历史了。成千上万开发者使用GNU和Linux为基础，加上他们所看重的其他各项功能，打造出他们自己的操作系统。今天在这些操作系统被统称为“GNU/Linux衍生发行版”。斯托曼和托沃兹以一点星星之火，掀起互联网的燎原盛况。
网络应用
Linux的兴起直接带动了互联网的繁荣。现在已经很难说Linux在服务器领域到底有多受欢迎。据W3Tech的一项统计，Unix和类Unix操作系统驱动着全球67%的网络服务器。而其中，Linux至少占了一半。几乎已成为服务器系统的代名词。
以生产个人计算机系统发家的微软后来也推出过服务器系统。这家商业巨头自然视Linux为心头大患，微软推出Azure之后很长一段时间，一直禁止用户在Azure上使用Linux。不过民意难遏，微软的抵抗只坚持到了2012年，之后不得不向平民出身的Linux敞开接纳的怀抱。据悉现在Azure上有大约三分之一用户运行着Linux系统，而不是微软自家的Windows Server。后来，就连微软也开始使用Linux来实现Azure背后的一些功能。为了顺应Linux流行的大趋势，微软还与Canonical（著名衍生版Ubuntu的发行商）展开合作，让用户可以在他们的Windows笔记本电脑上更方便地编写Linux程序。
Linux这么所向披靡是有原因的。做生意者钱为上，免费的自然要比收费的受欢迎。在Windows Server还在以商业思维卖高价的时候，绝大多数Linux发行版都是免费的。更重要的是，Linux是“开源软件”，就意味着使用者可以根据自己的需求随意修改Linux程序，使它更好地服务自己的需求。而这在商业系统上是不被允许的。
随着网络的发展，软件开发者给Linux不断配备上更完备的软件功能。现在，一些重要的技术比如Apache web server, MySQL database,还有Perl编程语言已经成为几乎所有Linux发行版的必备套装。
或许Linux的成功还可以算进一点时运上的侥幸。在1990年代，一大波类Unix的服务器操作系统涌现，处于行业领先地位的AT&T当然不会放任这么多竞争对手的成长。AT&T通过一连串官司和法律诉讼打击了当时几家势力较大的竞争对手。不过尽管面对行业老大哥的围追堵截，幸运的是，平民系统Linux还是最终发展壮大起来。
迈向更广阔世界
过去的无数日夜，Linux默默无闻地承担着幕后角色。兢兢业业地服务着世界上最受欢迎的网站。不过在个人计算机领域却一直算不上成功。大众用户喜欢直观简单，而Linux复杂的命令行和蹩脚的图形化界面一直让普通电脑用户不敢亲近。命运的改变在2008年到来，为遏制iPhone的迅速发展，谷歌在当年推出Android手机操作系统。虽然Android并不能直接运行Linux桌面程序，不过Android的成功给Linux之类的开源软件带来很大启发。苦苦摸索了17年之后，开源软件终于迎来了进入个人设备的曙光。
Android现在已经成为智能手机市场的大热词。各种Android定制版几乎占据了iPhone之外的全部市场份额。据高德纳咨询公司的调查，2016年第一个季度，Android手机阵营占据市场高达84%的份额。不过Linux的野心并不满足于手机。现在你已经可以在三星和LG的智能电视中看到它的身影。亚马逊的Kindle阅读器里面也藏着它得意的微笑。
Linux的雄心还囊括了汽车。特斯拉汽车里面巨大的显示屏便是由Linux系统驱动。而其他很多著名汽车厂商，比如丰田、本田和福特也纷纷出钱赞助“Linux汽车”（Automotive Grade Linux）项目。后者旨在开发车载软件和实现汽车联网。现在被火热讨论的自动驾驶汽车，也大量使用了Linux技术来完成复杂的自动化操控。
无论是试图实现自定义功能的软件开发者，还是渴求打造自己独有技术的汽车公司——他们都因为相同的原因而选择Linux。Linux让他们可以方便地修改代码以满足自己的需要，然后还可以自由地分享和投入批量生产，而不必像商业软件那样得经过授权许可。而这一切，都始自25年前那个芬兰学生的那个兴趣之举。李纳斯·托沃兹选择把自己的作品与世界分享，而不是闭源收费，完成了“兴趣之举”到功德无量的华丽转变。