Foxconn's new troubles: the machine can substitute but could not leave-IT information
Foxconn, the world's largest OEM manufacturing Empire in recent years has been facing "mid-life crisis". Chinese labor dividend is the flood receded, especially in southern cities such as Shenzhen and Kunshan, and above all customer-Apple, is gradually split orders with other factories, at a lower OEM price guarantee profit margins.
Faced with this situation, Foxconn founder Terry GOU, want robots to fight the crisis. According to media reports, Foxconn has been China's largest production base of 40,000 machines are installed, and to reduce the number of employees of the company. Affected by this, employees of Foxconn's Kunshan Park naturally reduce the 60,000 people in the past six or seven years.
However, this number is far from enough, envisaged by Terry GOU, 5 years ago, is 1 million robots will be deployed. In addition, GOU in 2015 Conference, expressly declares 30% automation will be achieved by 2020. This means that Foxconn will continue to eliminate a large number of front-line water worker.
If Foxconn automate 30%, sharp decline in the number of workers would be inevitable. Intervention cannot replace the human robot, but is the trend more than the people.
But you should see is that even if the number of robots than people, but robots and also need people. Because production increased automation of the factory, the operators will appear new ecological to reduce, increase of skilled workers, workers will shift from a pyramid shape to trapezoid structure.
This requires transformation of employee empowerment, successful employees will become masters of the robot, not only will not be laid off, wages will rise. According to Foxconn employees, who successfully transfer robot training staff to raise base salaries from more than 2000 Yuan more than more than 4,000 yuan.
Actually announced from 2011 into "millions of robots" begins, Foxconn employee transition consciously. According to internal staff revealed that Foxconn's GuanLan plant after the introduction of robots, college employees may voluntarily register in precision tooling training centre, Nantong, Jiangsu province for a three-month closed-end training, these courses are mainly on the automation.
Taking into account the line worker qualifications are generally not high, Foxconn allows employees to register for Foxconn IE Institute in cooperation with universities, training institutions, get a college degree and then attend the training. Among them, the studies cost of the course is the factory with half of the employees, for example, get a college diploma, a two-year tuition 16000, the factory will benefit employees 8000 Yuan.
Even so, Foxconn's robot replacement speed and technical personnel quantity and quality of reserves are still not directly proportional to, which are also common problems facing the enterprise upgrade intelligent manufacturing. Although robots have a large range of human, but want more for high-end talents.
In recent years, domestic industrial robots is growing very fast, traditional manufacturing enterprises in the process of automation, low cultural level of workers after the elimination, talent does not keep up on the quality and quantity of, enterprises need more ways to train professional talents.
China's traditional manufacturing industries are shifting from labor-intensive to technology-intensive. According to the depth of China's robot industry 2016-2022 research and development Outlook report statistics, in 2014, China sold 56,000 units of industrial robots, for 2 consecutive years of industry growth over 50%.
Rapid development of intelligent manufacturing pose the greatest challenge to the enterprise is the people, the transformation of employees on the one hand, how to upgrade from a transformation of an ordinary employee for the robot masters, proficient in skills such as automated control and on the comprehensive issues caused by staff reductions.
It is evident that, regardless of how robots replace human operation, end human control to work. Result of this is a large area of operation will be reduced, and be familiar with automated skilled jobs in high demand.
The situation, intelligent manufacturing transformation of China's household electrical appliance enterprises that are being made, in parallel with the introduction of robots need to strengthen the training of technicians, reserve in advance in intelligent manufacturing restructuring need skilled employees, only way to maximize the effectiveness of robots.
富士康的新烦恼：机器能替代人却又无法离开人 - IT资讯
全球制造产业最大的代工帝国富士康，近几年来一直面临“中年危机”。中国的劳动力红利正在如潮水般退去，尤其是深圳、昆山等南方城市，而最主要的客户——苹果，正在用其它代工厂逐渐分流订单，以此压低代工价格保证利润率。
面对此局面，富士康创始人郭台铭，希望用机器人来抵抗危机。据媒体报道，富士康已经在中国各大生产基地安装了4万台机器人，以减少公司雇佣员工的数量。受此影响，富士康昆山园区员工数量在过去六七年间自然减少了6万人。
不过这个数字远远不够，按郭台铭5年前的设想，是将要部署100万台机器人。另外，郭台铭在2015年度大会上，明确宣布将于2020年实现30%自动化。这意味着，富士康还将继续淘汰一大批一线的流水工。
如果富士康实现30%的自动化，工人数量的锐减将不可避免。就算机器人介入生产无法替代人类，但数量比人多却是趋势。
不过应该看到的是，即使机器人数量会比人多，但是机器人生产同样离不开人。因为，生产自动化程度提高后的工厂内，一定会出现操作工减少、技术工增多的新生态，工人结构将从金字塔形向梯形转变。
这就要求员工自主转型，转型成功的员工将成为机器人的主人，不仅不会被裁掉，工资还会上涨。据富士康内部员工透露，一位经过机器人培训后成功转岗的员工底薪从2000多元提升至4000多元。
其实从2011年宣布投入“百万机器人”开始，富士康有意识培养员工转型。据内部员工透露，富士康深圳观澜厂区引入机器人后，大专学历的员工可以自愿报名，在江苏南通精密模具培训中心进行为期三个月的封闭式培训，这些课程主要是关于自动化操作。
考虑到流水线工人学历普遍不高，富士康允许员工先报考富士康与高校、培训机构合作的IE学院，拿到大专学历后再参加培训。其中，课程深造的费用是工厂与员工各出一半，比如要拿到武汉理工大学的大专学历，两年学费16000元，工厂会补助员工8000元。
即便如此，富士康机器人换人的速度与技术人才数量、质量的储备依然难成正比，这也是企业升级智能制造面临的共同问题。虽然机器人已经正在大范围的替代人，但是却对高精尖的人才更加渴求。
近几年，国内工业机器人的增速很快，传统制造企业在自动化改造过程中，文化层次较低的产业工人淘汰后，人才质量和数量上确实没有跟上，企业需要更多的途径来培养专业化人才。
中国的传统制造业正在由劳动密集型向技术密集型转变。据《2016-2022年中国机器人产业深度调研及发展前景预测报告》统计，2014年中国工业机器人销量5.6万台，连续2年行业增速在50%以上。
智能制造飞速发展给企业带来最大的挑战还是人，一方面是员工的转型，如何从一个普通的员工转型升级为机器人的主人，精通自动化操控等技能；另一方面是员工的裁减引发的综合问题。
显而易见的是，无论机器人如何取代人工操作，都最终需要人类的控制才能工作。这带来的结果就是大面积的操作工将减少，而熟悉自动化的技术工种将需求大增。
这种局面，对于正在进行智能制造转型的中国家电企业来说，在引进机器人的同时需要加强对技术人员的培养，提前储备智能制造转型过程中需要的技术型员工，只有这样才能让机器人发挥最大的效能。