The Wall Street Journal: Trump to move manufacturing back to the United States limited impact on Shenzhen-Shenzhen, Trump-IT information
Lead: today the Wall Street Journal said Trump was elected United States President, had hoped to move its manufacturing from China back to the United States. There are fears that it will have an impact on Shenzhen economy, but in fact manufacturing growth slows in Shenzhen in recent years, large numbers of high-tech enterprises, Shenzhen has begun to shift to technology-intensive, Trump's initiative or limited impact on Shenzhen.
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Donald Trump to United States pressure on manufacturing, asking them to pull out of China, as a model for global cities, Shenzhen has learned to adapt to economic change.
United States President-elect Donald Trump forced Apple and other manufacturers are turning their business internally, will no doubt cause panic in mega-cities of Shenzhen, China, because it is home to many high-tech companies in the world.
Sleepy little villages of the past, the consumer electronics industry has now become the country's large mode Center, China's largest export cities. Only two factories of Foxconn Technology Group employs approximately 230,000 people, not only for Apple products, are global competitors of Apple's service, which included China's telecommunications giant, Huawei Technologies Co Ltd, the company's headquarters are located in Shenzhen.
However, many executives say, Mr Trump doesn't worry them. In their view, once backwater in Guangdong Province has been transformed into an ocean of skyscrapers, that economic power is too big to be reversed. Even if Trump threatened tariffs on Chinese imports, South China electronic products with engineering, manufacturing, transport efficiency, you can still win over United States.
"We all talk of tariffs is easy, although the resulting noise is bad," said one Executive of a global consumer electronics company in Shenzhen, he was asked not to name, would not participate in associated with Mr Trump freedom of debate.
Yutelangpu, enterprise is just more concerned about how to survive the Darwinian competition of global business. Although Shenzhen is the winner of the globalization, the city also faces competitive pressures, Trump thinks it knocks out the United States's industrial and employment opportunities, the President-elect sought in the United States to a major reversal.
Since 2010 on the wages of high tide, there many once-booming clothing and toy factories are moving to lower-cost regions of China and Viet Nam and other countries. Now, some consumer electronics makers are also ready for it. Other companies are cutting back on labor costs, using robots instead of artificial.
"There is too much competition, too many low-priced products on Amazon," Miss Wu (Emily Wu) said that she was struggling with Shenzhen technology co, Ltd business. The company's OEM 40,000 cameras every month, sales on Amazon and elsewhere. Rising labor costs mean that she is producing some of the orders will be lost.
Mr Trump use of force and means of luring business back to the United States for production. During the campaign, he vowed to keep Apple in the United States "to assemble their computers and other gadgets." This month, Apple supplier Foxconn said it may expand operations in the United States.
But it is not clear how to manipulate or create many jobs. Foxconn is another initiative is the adoption of cost-saving robots, making the factory more added. Foxconn declined to comment on specific customers and plan.
"If these jobs back to the United States, need to manage thousands of robots in automated factories," living in the heart of kelisituofu·baoerding, a Professor of finance at Peking University (Christopher Balding) said. "It will be a computer nerd to do, vote for Donald Trump's people cannot benefit from it. ”
Shenzhen global competitiveness is limited. Contact innovation of China's restrictions on Internet means open source software and less creative, intellectual property protection of vulnerable entrepreneurs constantly face risk of theft.
Fortunately, the city has experienced economic changes. The former Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping's 1979 named Shenzhen Special economic zone, market forces are free, annual growth rates of more than 40% of cheap manufacturing base, and remain unchanged for 10 years. Amid concerns that the textile production is moving into a dead end, Shenzhen introduced a group of colleges and universities, build a skilled workforce. Official data show that in recent years, the city's economy grew 13%, exceed the national average.
Assembling in Shenzhen smart-phones and devices form a comparative advantage, Japan, and Taiwan and Korea special component part of the supply chain. Here is a made up of university graduates, well-trained team of engineers, making it a Center for global products.
In United States production model in a few weeks time in Shenzhen can complete in a day, only United States fraction of dengken·Tena (Duncan Turner) said that he was a venture capitalist, assisted Hak hardware Startup Accelerator (Hax Accelerator) operation, this is a working space, sponsorship to inventors from around the world.
"Shenzhen is famous for low prices, this is well known. "Mr Turner says his company is located in a vast electronic components market, providing services to local engineers and factory. "Now, anyone who wants to do prototypes here. ”
Shenzhen manufacturing growth has slowed, while the software and scientific research and other industries is growing fast. Annual industrial growth in 2012-2014, for 8%, last year's average to 16%.
Science and technology of China manufacturing industry face competition from cheap labor in other areas
According to the Statistical Yearbook of Shenzhen 2015, with related industries such as manufacturing economy fell by 7%, and associated with information technology and research's shares rose 3%.
This change is easy to see. Manufacturing in the city suburbs, more concrete factory buildings are vacant. Meanwhile, the Office building of high-tech parks are springing up.
Depending on design and brand global player is taking root. Xinjiang emerging technology companies (Da-Jiang Innovations Science and Technology Co.) Is the world's largest manufacturer of UAV, headquartered in Shenzhen, and their official website, this is done using "access to suppliers, raw materials and advantages of young creative talent base, and continued success. ”
In 2011, shares of Daimler China car maker BYD Co Ltd in Shenzhen to develop electric cars. Apple opened its research and Development Center in the city, 10,000 developers produce software to Apple's operating system. Group of Chinese Internet giant Baidu and Alibaba group has established large offices here, expressed support for the rise of Shenzhen Centre for innovation.
Some of the smaller manufacturers are turning to design and brand management. Within two years, Qi Wo CBN technology Ltd (Qiwo Smartlink Technology Ltd.) From a manufacturer of cheap cameras and small small business technology products transform into a design company $100 million in annual sales. Chivo Guo, head of company's export (James Guo) said that "all of the supply chain and related business here, I don't think you can move them to the United States. ”
Entrepreneurs in Shenzhen said that if there is any change, it is the United States raise import tariffs will accelerate the economic transformation, this trend has already begun. Shenzhen's factories may leave, but where they want to go is the lower wages in China's provinces, and not the United States, meanwhile, the city's design, engineering and Marketing job opportunities will increase.
This process has been ongoing. Late on a Thursday evening, Hak inventors working in Shenzhen, 26 Song Junyi (Junyi Song) is installed for a robot arm, the unit cheaper, just $7000, even the small factories can afford, can replace manual, automated.
华尔街日报：特朗普把制造业搬回美国对深圳影响有限 - 深圳,特朗普 - IT资讯
导语：《华尔街日报》今日撰文称，特朗普在当选美国总统后，一直希望把制造业从中国搬回美国。有人担心此举会对深圳经济产生影响，但实际上深圳这几年的制造业增速放缓，高科技企业大批涌现，深圳已经开始向技术密集型方向转变，特朗普的举措或对深圳影响有限。
以下是文章主要内容：
唐纳德·特朗普向美国制造业施压，要求他们撤出中国，作为全球化的典范城市，深圳已学会适应经济变化。
美国当选总统唐纳德·特朗普迫使苹果和其他制造企业将业务转向国内，无疑将在中国特大城市深圳造成恐慌，因为这里是世界上许多高科技企业的所在地。
往日寂静的小村庄，如今已成为国模庞大的消费电子产业中心，中国最大的出口城市。仅两家富士康技术集团的工厂就拥有员工约23万人，不但为苹果提供产品，也在为苹果的全球竞争对手服务，后者包括中国通信巨头华为技术有限公司，该公司的总部也设在深圳。
然而许多高管表示，他们对特朗普先生毫不担心。他们认为，广东曾经的穷乡僻壤已被改造成为摩天大楼的海洋，这种经济力量太庞大了，不可逆转。即使特朗普威胁说对中国进口商品增收关税，华南地区电子产品凭借在工程、生产、运输方面的高效性，仍然可以完胜美国。
“我们对所有关于关税的言论都轻松对待，虽然由此产生的噪音是不好的，”深圳某全球消费电子公司的一名高管表示，他要求隐去姓名，不想参与与特朗普先生言论相关的争辩。
相对于特朗普先生，企业更担心的只不过是如何在全球商业的达尔文式竞争中生存下来。尽管深圳是全球化的赢家，这座城市同样面临着竞争压力，特朗普认为正是它挖空了美国的工业和就业机会，这位当选总统寻求在美国来一场大逆转。
由于2010年以来的工资上涨潮，深圳许多曾经繁荣的服装和玩具的工厂都迁至中国低成本地区和越南等国。现在，一些消费电子制造商也在蠢蠢欲动。其他企业则在削减劳动力成本，用机器人代替人工。
“竞争太多，亚马逊上有太多低价产品，”吴小姐(Emily Wu)说，她正在勉力维持着深圳网达科技有限公司的经营。该公司每个月贴牌生产4万部相机，在亚马逊网站和其他地方销售。劳动力成本的上升意味着她正在生产的一些订单将亏损。
特朗普先生使用强迫和利诱的手段让企业回到美国进行生产。在竞选期间，他发誓要让苹果在美国“组装他们的电脑和其他玩意儿”。本月，苹果的供应商富士康表示，可能会扩大在美业务。
但目前尚不清楚将如何操作或创造多少岗位。富士康正在进行的另一项举措是采用节省成本的机器人，使工厂更为加动化。富士康拒绝对具体客户和计划发表评论。
“如果这些工作机会回到美国，需要在自动化工厂中管理上千个机器人，”住在深圳的北京大学金融学教授克里斯托弗·鲍尔丁(Christopher Balding)说。“这将是计算机书呆子要做的工作，投票给特朗普的人无法受益。”
深圳的全球竞争力有限。中国对互联网的限制意味着创新者接触开源软件和创意的机会较少，不堪一击的知识产权保护是企业家的想法不断面临被盗风险。
好在这座城市已经历过经济转变。中国前领导人邓小平1979年将深圳命名为经济特区，市场力量得到自由释放，廉价制造基地的年增长率超过了40%，并保持十年不变。由于担心纺织品生产正在步入死胡同，深圳引进了一批高等院校，打造高技能劳动力。官方数据显示，近年来全市经济年均增长13%，超过中国平均水平。
深圳在组装智能手机和设备方面形成比较优势，成为日本、台湾和韩国特种部件供应链的一部分。这里有一支由大学毕业生组成的、训练有素的工程师队伍，使其成为全球产品成型中心。
在美国生产实物模型需要几周时间，在深圳一天就能完成，费用只有美国的零头，邓肯·特纳(Duncan Turner)说，他是一位风险资本家，协助哈克斯硬件创业加速器(Hax Accelerator)的运营，这是一个工作空间，为来自世界各地的发明家提供赞助。
“深圳以低廉的价格闻名于世，这是众所周知的。”特纳先生说，他的公司位于一座巨大的电子零件市场中，为当地的工程师和工厂提供服务。“现在，任何想要做产品原型的人都在这里。”
深圳制造业的增长速度有所放缓，而软件和科学研究等行业正在飞速发展。2012-2014年间的年度工业增速为8%，去年的数字平均为16%。
中国科技制造业面临其他廉价劳动力地区的竞争
根据《深圳2015年度统计年鉴》，与制造业等相关行业的经济比重下降了7个百分点，而与信息技术和研究相关的比重则上升了3个百分点。
这种转变很容易看到。在城市的制造业郊区，更多的混凝土厂房正在空置。与此同时，高科技园区的办公大楼在拔地而起。
依靠设计和品牌效应的全球竞争企业正在扎根。大疆创新科技公司(Da-Jiang Innovations Science and Technology Co.)是世界上最大的无人机制造商，总部设在深圳，其官方网站显示，这样做的目的是利用“获得供应商，原材料和年轻创造型人才基地的优势，获得持续成功。”
戴姆勒公司于2011年参股中国汽车制造商比亚迪有限公司，在深圳开发电动汽车。苹果在该市开设了研发中心，一万名程序员为苹果的操作系统生产软件。中国互联网巨头百度集团和阿里巴巴集团都在此设立了大型办事处，对深圳崛起为创新中心表示支持。
一些小型制造商正在转向设计和品牌经营。在两年内，奇沃智联科技有限公司(Qiwo Smartlink Technology Ltd.)已经从一家生产廉价相机和小科技产品的小企业转型为年销售额一亿美元的设计公司。奇沃公司的出口部主管郭先生(James Guo)说，“所有的供应链和相关企业都在这里，我不认为你能把它们移到美国。”
深圳的企业主说，如果说有什么发生变化的话，那就是美国提高进口关税将加速经济转变，这种趋势已经开始。深圳的工厂可能会离开，但它们要去的地方是中国工资较低的省份，而不是美国，同时，该市的设计、工程和市场营销就业机会将增加。
这一过程已正在进行中。近来某个周四晚上，在深圳哈克斯发明人工作区，26岁的宋俊毅(Junyi Song)正在为一个机器人安装手臂，这个产品单价便宜，只有7000美元，连小工厂都买得起，可以替代人工，实现自动化。