China successfully developed the ballpoint pens behind the head: have failed numerous times _ | | development | steel ballpoint pen head news
Plane and car, but could not produce a small pen "ballpoint pens ask" once beat China's manufacturing, on January 10, the Taiyuan iron and steel group announced that, at present, steel has a ballpoint pen "nib steel" production capacity over the next two years is expected to occupy the domestic market, import substitution.
A year ago, Chinese Premier Li keqiang said at a forum on development of coal industry in Shanxi, Taiyuan iron and steel put it, "we don't have a production capacity of mould steel, including ballpoint pen on the head of ' bead ', still needs to import. ”
"In fact, in line with the performance of ball-point pen head in December 2014, has been developed. "On January 10, pen making company Group President Press Office Director Zhang Xuelian told Beijing News.
In 2011, the Ministry of science and technology launched a "pen key materials and preparation technology and industrialization" project, allocated nearly 60 million Yuan to support relevant research institutions and enterprises for the neutral ink and written scientific and technological research, processing equipment, stainless steel wire rod, TISCO and beifa group is a cooperative enterprise of the project. The project ended in December 2014, through the "Twelve-Five" national science and technology support program acceptance, to a number of technological breakthroughs.
According to information provided by the steel, China's annual production of more than 40 billion ballpoint pen, is the world's largest producer of ball-point pen, needs to import more than 1000 tons a year production of special steel tip. If using the equipment and steel, ball-point pen cost will no doubt decline a lot.
| Beijing News reporter Luo Yidan tanche
Addendum | six older children
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Ballpoint head so hard?
On January 10, the journalist TISCO to Beijing News said the written key parts of two micrometers in size accuracy, surface roughness required to 0.4 microns, in writing the top place, only 0.3 to 0.4 mm in thickness.
Such a high accuracy of Machining accuracy, easy cutting, processing does not crack, which has very high performance demands on the stainless steel raw materials.
Subdivision, ballpoint pen into the bead and ball seat in two main parts. Based on publicly available information, current 0.5-1.0 mm diameter tungsten carbide ball can not only meet the needs of domestic production in China, but also exported. But only 2.3 mm diameter ball seat, whether it is the production of equipment or raw materials, have long been relying on Switzerland, and Japan and other countries import, which makes pens, China industry at the low end of the industry chain of assembling.
Due to technical reasons of confidentiality by Japan and other countries firmly in hand, overcome technical difficulties only by testing.
"Research and development of this product does not contain a reference to the data, the ratio of ingredients from dozens of kilograms of started, after several years of countless failed under the electron microscope, taigang group finally saw the even distribution of additives nib steel, test success in December 2014, after more than 10 times after the first cutting of steel and finally came out. "10th taigang Group Technical Center senior engineer Wang Mian in Shanxi TV interview said.
Chinese-made ball-point pen head can save costs?
As we all know, ballpoint pen production is Germany, and Japan and other overseas business enterprise core secrets, prior to developing monopoly for a long time. Although Chinese companies involved in this field, but due to the lack of technology, produced the first ballpoint pen problems, far from the industry standard.
TISCO said, the steel in the years of research and exploration, resolving core problems such as free-cutting steel wire, its performance remains good after a cut, with the perfect combination of ball point pen refill, succeeded in creating ball-point pen.
"This outcome is not only a technical success, also broke the monopoly of ball pens. "On January 10, Lange iron and steel research center director Wang Guoqing said in an interview with the Beijing News.
Wang Guoqing, said annual production of ball-point pen in the domestic market, need to use price imports valued at 120,000 yuan per ton more than 1000 tons of steel production written, giving the more than 10 million US dollars. And once the tip made come true, China Steel, would substantially weaken the manufacturing costs.
Zhang Xuelian told the Beijing News reporter from Japan or Switzerland imported stainless steel pen the device needs to be about more than 4 million Yuan, stainless steel wire imported probably need 120,000 yuan per ton. After a successful experiment, in line with the standard of the domestic stainless steel wire per ton is only about 5, 60,000 yuan, Chinese-made stainless steel pen production equipment also will be a lot cheaper.
Imports of Chinese-made ball-point pen head can be replaced?
Although the steel market, ball-point pen required volume could not be compared to other areas, and the steel industry, but Wang Guoqing believes that as break monopolies "sophisticated" products, its practical significance than formal meaning.
Wang Guoqing said, according to her knowledge of price data, nib steel prices now has 120,000 yuan per ton from the original down to about 90,000 yuan per ton.
"Although the equipment had to realize localization of China, but still has a process of industrialization and mass production and promotion issues we face in the market, sometimes foreign customer will specify the use of foreign materials. However, with the passage of time, domestic materials will slowly from the laboratory to the market. "She said.
Wang Guoqing also believes that, in addition, TISCO also gave a revelation of other practitioners. Domestic production of steel products, basic needs, such as construction steel, sheet metal, leading to excess product.
"Ball point pen refill problem plight reflects China's iron and steel, the current main problem is overcapacity in the steel industry, but also in the steel industry has structural problems. "Zhuo Liu Xinwei, information analyst has said publicly.
There will be "latecomers" added ball-point pen market?
Beijing News reporter noted that, after the TISCO solves this problem, the network has "recommended that other mills followed up, involved in ball-point pen manufacturing" proposal, but Wang Guoqing does not share this view.
"Too little chance to rush to follow up, markets would be small. "Wang Guoqing explained to reporters, although some mills may think that this is a brand new way, but in fact, ball-point pen market steel industry as a whole, is too small. Plus market has a successful enterprise, either in development or are certain opportunities for promotion. If only just to follow up, is likely to be eliminated by the market.
According to CISA, 2016, 1,-November steel import and export data shows that in terms of high-end steel products imported, domestic growth trends.
"Despite the global market for steel 50% above, but most of which are in the homogenization of low-end steel, and in the area of high-end steel, still need a lot of imports. "Reference to current sources of iron and steel, Wang Guoqing reluctantly explained.
In the adjustment and upgrading of the steel industry issued by the Ministry of planning in the Chinese iron and steel technology in the high-tech ship, marine engineering, transportation, electric power aerospace still in dire need of high-end industrial areas such as research and development and breakthroughs.
"China's iron and steel enterprises in these areas, there could not break through the situation. "Wang Guoqing has confirmed this view. For example, in the field of marine steel, due to the traditional steel plate crack occurs when the stitching, which makes marine engineering high performance plate crack, another ship was for a long time seawater immersion on the bottom, as well as corrosion resistance of high manganese steel, large passenger vessels are cruising around, need to be extremely cold and ultracold link steel for ships, and the corresponding ancillary welding materials. At present, domestic steel technology in this area has not yet been a substantive breakthrough.
>: Tang Wei chun
Article keywords:Ballpoint head research and development of steel
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中国成功研发圆珠笔头背后:曾失败无数次|圆珠笔头|研发|钢材_新闻资讯
能生产飞机汽车，却生产不了小小笔头的“圆珠笔头之问”一度难倒了中国制造业，1月10日，太原钢铁集团有限公司宣布，目前，太钢已具备圆珠笔笔头“笔尖钢”批量生产能力，未来两年将有望完全占据国内市场，替代进口。
一年以前，中国国务院总理李克强在山西太原钢铁煤炭行业发展座谈会上提出，“我们还不具备生产模具钢的能力，包括圆珠笔头上的‘圆珠’，目前仍然需要进口。”
“事实上，符合性能的圆珠笔头在2014年12月就已经研发出来了。”1月10日，制笔企业贝发集团总裁办主任张雪莲告诉新京报记者。
2011年，科技部启动了“制笔行业关键材料及制备技术研发与产业化”项目，拨款近6000万元支持相关科研机构、企业针对中性墨水制造、笔头不锈钢线材、加工设备等开展科技攻关，太钢和贝发集团均是该项目的合作企业。该项目最终于2014年12月通过“十二五”国家科技支撑计划验收，实现了一系列技术突破。
根据太钢提供的资料，中国每年生产400多亿支圆珠笔，是世界上最大的圆珠笔生产国，每年需要进口1000多吨生产笔尖的特殊钢材。若采用国内的设备和钢材，圆珠笔企业的成本无疑会下降很多。
文|新京报记者罗亦丹 覃澈
编|六大龄童
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生产圆珠笔头有多难？
1月10日，太钢方面向新京报记者表示，笔头关键部位的尺寸精度要求在两个微米，表面粗糙度要求为0.4微米，在笔头最顶端的地方，厚度仅有0.3到0.4毫米。
进行如此高精度的加工精度，既要容易切削，加工时还不能开裂，这对不锈钢原材料提出了极高的性能要求。
细分来看，圆珠笔的笔头分为球珠和球座体两个主要部分。根据公开资料，目前直径0.5-1.0毫米的碳化钨球珠中国不仅可以满足国内生产需要，还能大量出口。但直径仅有2.3毫米的球座体，无论是生产设备还是原材料，长期以来都只能依靠瑞士、日本等国家进口，这使得中国制笔行业长期处于加工组装的产业链最低端。
由于技术保密原因被日本等国牢牢掌握在手中，攻克技术难关只能靠不断测试。
“研发这个产品没有可借鉴的资料，成分的配比从几十公斤的开始练，经过持续数年数不清的失败，在电子显微镜下，太钢集团终于看到了添加剂分布均匀的笔尖钢，试验在2014年12月取得成功，又经过十多次终试后，第一批切削性好的钢材终于出炉了。”10日，太钢集团技术中心高级工程师王辉绵在接受山西卫视采访时表示。
中国国产圆珠笔头能省下多少成本？
众所周知，圆珠笔头生产工艺是德国、日本等海外制笔企业的核心机密，在此前的发展中长期处于垄断地位。尽管曾有中国企业涉足这一领域，但由于技术缺乏，所生产的圆珠笔头问题频出，远远达不到行业标准。
太钢方面表示，此次太钢在数年研究和摸索中，解决了易切削钢丝等核心难题，让其在切削后性能仍然保持良好，与圆珠笔芯完美结合，成功制造出圆珠笔头。
“这一成果不仅是技术的成功，也打破了圆珠笔头行业垄断。”1月10日，兰格钢铁研究中心主任王国清在接受新京报记者采访时表示。
王国清表示，国内市场每年生产的圆珠笔，需要用每吨12万元人民币的价格进口1000多吨生产笔头的钢材，付出外汇1000多万美元。而一旦笔尖钢中国国产化实现的话，将大幅度削弱制造成本。
张雪莲告诉新京报记者，从日本或者瑞士进口一台不锈钢笔头生产设备需要约400多万元人民币，进口国外的不锈钢线材大概每吨需要12万元人民币。而实验成功后，符合标准的国内不锈钢线材每吨仅需约5、6万元人民币，中国国产不锈钢笔头生产设备也会便宜很多。
中国国产圆珠笔头能否替代进口？
尽管从钢材市场而言，圆珠笔头所需要的体量无法和钢铁行业其他领域相提并论，但王国清认为，作为突破垄断行业的“高精尖”产品，其实际意义仍然大于形式意义。
王国清表示，据她掌握的价格数据，目前笔尖钢的价格已从原来的每吨12万元下降到每吨9万元左右。
“虽然设备已经实现了中国国产化，但是距离产业化和大批量的生产仍然有着一个过程，同时我们也面临市场的宣传推广问题，有时国外的客户会指定采用国外的材料。不过，随着时间的推移，国内材料肯定会慢慢从实验室走向市场。”张雪莲表示。
王国清还认为，另外，太钢的行为也给了行业其他从业者一种启示。此前国内钢厂所生产的产品，基本都是大需求方面，比如说建筑钢材、板材方面，导致行业产品过剩。
“圆珠笔芯问题折射出了中国钢铁困境，当前钢铁行业面临的主要问题便是产能过剩，但同样钢铁行业也存在结构性的问题。”卓创资讯分析师刘新伟曾公开表示。
会有“后来者”加入圆珠笔市场吗？
新京报记者注意到，在太钢解决了这一技术难题之后，网络曾有“建议其他钢厂跟进，涉足圆珠笔头制造”的建议，但王国清并不认同这一观点。
“贸然跟进的可能性太小，本来市场就不大。”王国清向记者解释到，尽管会有部分钢厂会觉得这是个全新的出路，但事实上，圆珠笔头市场相对整个钢铁行业而言，太过微小。加上如今市场已有成功企业，无论在发展还是推广上都占得一定先机。如果仅仅单纯跟进的话，很可能会被市场淘汰。
据中钢协公布的2016年1—11月钢材进出口数据显示，在高端钢材品种进口方面，国内仍是小幅增长趋势。
“尽管中国所生产的钢材占据全球市场50%以上，但其中绝大部分都是同质化的中低端钢铁，而在高端钢材领域，仍然需要大量进口。”提及当前钢铁来源，王国清无奈地解释到。
工信部在印发的《钢铁工业调整升级规划》中提出，中国钢铁技术在高技术船舶，海洋工程、轨道交通，电力航天航空等高端产业领域仍急需研发和突破。
“中国钢铁企业在这几块领域中，目前确实存在无法突破的局面。”王国清证实了这个观点。例如，在海洋钢铁领域，由于传统钢铁在钢板拼接时会出现裂纹，这使得海洋工程需要高止裂性能厚板，另外船舶底部长期被海水浸泡，也需要高锰耐蚀钢，另外大型客船都是四处游弋，需要极寒与超低温环节船舶用钢，以及相应配套焊材。目前，国内钢材技术在这一领域尚未得到实质性突破。
>责任编辑：隗俊
文章关键词： 圆珠笔头 研发 钢材
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