CCTV surveys: how balloon gun led to 3.5 years of imprisonment? | | guns _ the balloon news
Not long ago, a balloon stall Tianjin Boyle in a Court of first instance sentenced to 3 years and 6 months, on charges of illegal possession of firearms. After this happens, quickly sparked a public debate, firearms, found what is the standard? Ordinary people can you recognize and see out? CCTV reporters to a survey interview.
Granny spot "gun" was sentenced to 3.5 years
Gun jailed mother named Zhao in Tianjin, 51 years old. Zhao's daughter to show reporters his mother's stall with the tricycle, car side is a panel that opens into the hanging balloons used to shoot at the target.
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Zhao's daughter said that the parents have divorced, in 2013, the mother followed her from Hulun Buir of Inner Mongolia rural areas came to Tianjin, hold part-time jobs to earn a living.
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August 2016 Zhao at 2000 prices, Pan it from others in this tricycle, prizes for dolls, and playing a balloon "gun". Balloons on "Tianjin eye" Ferris wheel on the lower River, and over more than 20 people eight or nine o'clock at night you can't make an omelet, 12 o'clock decided to make more than 2000 Yuan a month.
The night of October 12, 2016, is you can't make an omelet Zhao was taken away by police, then was taken away by a total of 13 people, Zhao Tonghua's son Sean is one of them. That day, his son placed the "balloon". Currently 8 have been released on bail pending trial, 5 people including his son is still in custody, Zhao was the first hearing by the Court.
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On December 17, 2016, for the crime of illegal possession of firearms, Zhao, Hebei district, Tianjin people's Court of first instance sentenced to 3 years and 6 months.
6 balloon gun was identified as "firearms"
In the criminal judgment, Zhao was the direct cause of punishment is that the center of Tianjin Municipal Public Security Bureau of forensic identification, the 9 guns seized from Zhao's hands, 6 are normally fired with compressed gas-powered guns.
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128th in accordance with China's criminal law stipulates:
Violation of firearms control regulations, illegally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition, and three years imprisonment, criminal detention or public surveillance; the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to imprisonment between three to seven years. Again in accordance with China Supreme People's Court on trial illegal manufacturing, and sale, and transport guns, and ammunition, and explosion real, criminal case specific application legal several problem of explained of provides, illegal holds, and possession to compression gas, for power of other non-military guns 5 support above of, for "plot serious"; benchmark penalty for shall be sentenced to three years, if over 5 support, each increased 1 support, sentence increased six months.
In so doing, Zhao has 6 by public security identified as "firearms" gun sentence is 3 years and 6 months.
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Zhao was identified as "real" gun, this is she used to earn a living gauge, fired bullets are plastic BB shell. Zhao's daughter said, this gun play BB play and sometimes even the balloon could not have broken, customers often comment, how is this gun really gun? Zhao Tonghua's son Sean has three balloons of the guns were identified in order to "real guns".
Parties: I wonder if the Airsoft guns are "real gun", each of 70 square metres
Zhao Tonghua said, the gun is 70 Yuan each to purchase, said both he and Zhao's daughter, from no one and they said that balloon gun crime "real gun", in their stalls, and nobody ever told them, on the contrary, was also a 500 Yuan a month in management fees.
"Tell me, we will never do this. ”
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Zhao Tonghua said the balloon near the River, a long time are more than 10 years, has always been such a balloon stall.
"1.8 joules per square centimeter" judgement "firearms" is based on what?
According to Chinese regulations, when the muzzle of the weapon than when the kinetic energy greater than or equal to 1.8 joules per square centimeter, are identified as firearm. What is a concept?
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Xu Xin, a law professor at the Beijing Institute, is a close (10 to 20 centimeters) to shoot a person's eyes can injure eyes of a standard if grilled rabbit skin at close range, can only lead to the skin of rabbits with red spots, not to break the skin.
Experts, similar firearm identification standards, Hong Kong is 7.077 joules per square centimeter, Taiwan is 20 joules per square centimeter, Russia is 19 joules per square centimeter, United States was 21 joules per square centimeter. By 2008, China's non-standard firearm identification standard is 16 joules per square centimeter, after adjustment for the current 1.8 joules/cm, less than the standard one-Nineth.
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According to the Tianjin Municipal Public Security Bureau of forensic Center expertise, Zhao involved 6 "guns" muzzle than the kinetic energy of the lowest is 2.17 joules per square centimeter, highest is 3.14 joules per square centimeter. According to the standards, are higher than the 1.8 joules/cm, 6 guns are guns.
Judgment than court expected social effect the parties appeal
Make a verdict, Hebei district, Tianjin people's Court Vice President, said after the verdict, the social effects does go beyond the expected. He pointed out that the trial of legal basis is not a problem, but whether it makes sense, in making decisions "may not so much".
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It is understood that Zhao after the verdict of first instance judgement, has filed an appeal. Petition for main, 1.8 joules per square centimeter standard is far from causing the possibility of casualties, to identify toy guns as firearms is wrong. In addition, the appellant had no criminal intent at all, nor does it have the social harm. Appeal for Zhao, first intermediate people's Court of Tianjin has been accepted.
Expert advice: "firearms" sentence ought to be treated
In recent years, imitation guns and toy guns were eventually identified as "firearms" and criminal cases are not uncommon. Sichuan boy Liu Dawei out of personal interest, online shopping 24 replica gun was seized by Xiamen, identified 20 of them with injuries, identified as guns, charged crime of smuggling weapons, was sentenced to life imprisonment. After a complaint, on October 18, 2016, the Fujian High Court review concluded that upheld the "obvious inappropriateness of sentencing", decided separately by the Fujian High Court collegial panel of retrial. Experts believe that such cases had raised public concern, because the judgment of the Court, contrary to common sense, common sense.
In addition, in Chengjiang County, Yunnan province, and operating balloons, police seized ten suspected gun, eight were eventually identified as "firearms", Zhao than Tianjin's "gun" or two, Chengjiang County people's Court sentenced Zhang XXX 2 years 02 months of imprisonment, suspended for three years. Because the Court held that the defendant's incentive to illegal possession of firearms business balloon entertainment only, not subjective, and suspended the community does not have significant adverse social impacts.
Reporters combed 23 swing balloon in recent years were criminal cases, with 17 defendants were given suspended sentences, 3 people had been sentenced to only 3 people were sentenced to actual criminal, treat different issues involved.
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Ruan qilin, a law professor of CUPL considered, such as Tianjin, Zhao, and balloons were criminal cases, in addition to relying on the professional conscience of judges and professional skills, we need more precise explanation on the law applicable to it. After 2010, China's sharp decrease in firearm identification standards, from the original 16 joules/cm is reduced to 1.8 joules per square centimeter, but also applicable in sentencing is a judicial interpretation of the old, which led to the original number not applicable penalties were sentenced to heavy penalties. Experts believe that China is the country of strict gun control, in the case of firearm identification standards unchanged, you can differentiate sentencing considerations for different firearms. For example, balloon-like gun to punishment, does not have to be punished as a criminal offence.
>: Tang Wei chun
Article keywords:The balloon gun
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央视调查：打气球的枪怎么导致了3年半的徒刑？|气球|枪_新闻资讯
前不久，一个摆摊打气球的天津大妈被当地法院一审判处有期徒刑3年6个月，罪名是非法持有枪支罪。这件事情发生后迅速引发了公众的热议，枪支认定的标准是怎样的？普通百姓能不能认得出、看得明？央视记者对此事进行了调查采访。
摆摊大妈因“枪”获刑3年半
因枪获刑的天津大妈名叫赵春华，今年51岁。赵春华的女儿给记者展示了母亲摆摊用的三轮车，车的侧面是一个面板，打开后就成了悬挂气球用于射击的靶子。
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赵春华的女儿说，父母早已离婚，2013年，母亲跟着她从内蒙古呼伦贝尔农村来到天津，靠打零工维持生计。
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2016年8月，赵春华以2000元的价格，从别人手里盘下了这辆三轮车、奖品玩具娃娃，还有打气球的“枪”。打气球摊集中在“天津之眼”摩天轮下的河边上，共有二十多个，大家晚上八九点钟出摊，十二点钟收摊，一个月能挣两千多块钱。
2016年10月12日晚，正在出摊的赵春华被警方带走，当时被带走的共有13个人，赵同华的儿子赵辉也是其中一个。那天，他儿子摆的也是“打气球摊”。目前已有8个被取保候审，包括他儿子在内的5个人至今仍被羁押，赵春华是第一个被法院开庭审理的。
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2016年12月17日，因非法持有枪支罪，赵春华被天津市河北区人民法院一审判处有期徒刑3年6个月。
6支打气球枪被鉴定为“枪支”
在刑事判决书中，赵春华获刑的直接原因是，经天津市公安局物证鉴定中心鉴定，从赵春华手里收缴的9支枪形物中，有6支是能正常发射以压缩气体为动力的枪支。
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依照中国《刑法》第一百二十八条的规定：
违反枪支管理规定，非法持有、私藏枪支、弹药的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。 再依照 《中国最高人民法院关于审理非法制造、买卖、运输枪支、弹药、爆炸物等刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》的规定，非法持有、私藏以压缩气体等为动力的其它非军用枪支5支以上的，为“情节严重”；基准刑为有期徒刑三年，如果超过5支，每增加1支，刑期增加六个月。
这样计算，赵春华拥有6支被公安机关鉴定为“枪支”的枪，刑期刚好就是3年6个月。
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赵春华这些被鉴定为“真枪”的枪，本是她用来谋生计的，发射的子弹是塑料BB弹。赵春华的女儿讲，这样的枪打出的BB弹有时连气球都打不破，顾客还经常有意见，这样的枪怎么会是真枪呢？赵同华的儿子赵辉也有三支打气球的枪被鉴定为了“真枪”。
当事人：不知气枪是“真枪”，每支70元购得
赵同华说，枪是以70元一支的价格买来的，他和赵春华的女儿都表示，从没有人和他们说过，打气球的枪是违法犯罪的“真枪”，他们在摆摊的过程中，也从没有人来告诉过他们，相反，还有人每月收500元的管理费。
“要告诉我了，我们当时绝对不会干这个。”
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赵同华说，河边的打气球摊，时间长的都有十来年了，一直都是这样摆摊打气球的。
“1.8焦耳/平方厘米”判定“枪支”的依据怎么理解？
按照中国相关规定，当所发射弹丸的枪口比动能大于等于1.8焦耳/平方厘米时，一律认定为枪支。这是个什么概念呢？
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北京理工大学法学教授徐昕表示，就是近距离（10到20厘米）射击一个人的眼珠，能够打伤眼珠的一个标准；如果近距离打扒了毛的兔子的皮肤，只能导致兔子的皮肤有红点，不能打破皮肤。
专家介绍，类似的枪支鉴定标准，香港是7.077焦耳/平方厘米，台湾是20焦耳/平方厘米，俄罗斯是19焦耳/平方厘米，美国是21焦耳/平方厘米。2008年以前，中国的非制式枪支鉴定标准是16焦耳/平方厘米，后调整为现在的1.8焦耳/平方厘米，不到原来标准的九分之一。
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根据天津市公安局物证鉴定中心的鉴定结论，赵春华涉案的6支“枪支”的枪口比动能最低的是2.17焦耳/平方厘米，最高的是3.14焦耳/平方厘米。根据鉴定标准，都高于1.8焦耳/平方厘米，6枝枪属于枪支。
判决社会效果超出法院预料 当事人已上诉
做出一审判决的天津市河北区人民法院的一名副院长表示，判决结果出来后，产生的社会效果确实超出了预料。他指出，从法律的审判依据来看是没有问题的，但是否符合情理，在做出判决时“可能想得没那么多”。
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据了解，一审宣判后赵春华不服判决，已经提起上诉。上诉状主要提出，1.8焦耳/平方厘米的标准远没有致人伤亡的可能性，将玩具枪认定为枪支是错误的。另外，上诉人根本没有犯罪的主观故意，也不具有社会危害性。对于赵春华的上诉，天津市第一中级人民法院目前已经受理。
专家建议：“枪支”量刑应区别对待
近年来，因仿真枪或玩具枪最后被鉴定为“枪支”而获刑的案件并不少见。四川小伙刘大蔚出于个人爱好，网购24支仿真枪被厦门海关查获，经鉴定其中20支具有致伤力，认定为枪支，被诉犯走私武器罪，最终被判处无期徒刑。经过申诉，2016年10月18日，福建高院复查后认为，原判“量刑明显不当”，决定由福建高院另行组成合议庭进行再审。专家认为，这类案件之所以引发公众高度关注，就是因为法院的判决，违背了常理、常识。
此外，云南澄江县的张某某，摆摊经营打气球，警方查获的十支可疑枪中，八支最终被鉴定为“枪支”，比天津赵春华的“枪”还多了两支，澄江县人民法院最终判处张某某有期徒刑二年零二个月，缓刑三年。原因是法院认为被告非法持有枪支的动机仅系经营打气球娱乐项目，无主观恶性，宣告缓刑对所居住社区没有重大不良社会影响。
记者梳理近年来23个因摆气球摊被追刑责的案件，其中17名被告人被判缓刑，3人被判处管制，仅有3人被判处实刑，存在同案不同判的问题。
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中国政法大学法学教授阮齐林认为，针对像天津赵春华这样，摆打气球摊获刑的案例，除了依靠法官的职业良知和专业技能外，更需要在法律适用上做出更精确的解释。比如2010年后，中国枪支鉴定标准急剧降低，从原来的16焦耳/平方厘米降为1.8焦耳/平方厘米，但在量刑上适用的还是旧的司法解释，这就导致原本大量不该适用刑罚的人被判了重刑。专家认为，中国是严格控枪的国家，如果在枪支鉴定标准不变的情况下，可以考虑针对不同的枪支区分量刑。比如，类似打气球枪可以治安处罚，不一定非要以刑事犯罪论处。
>责任编辑：隗俊
文章关键词： 气球 枪
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