Proliferation of online literary plagiarism, author "writing software" new fiction Internet novel, plagiarism-IT information
According to voice of the news vertical and horizontal reports, in recent years, network fiction was plagiarized often become hot topics. TV drama spend a thousand bones original allegedly plagiarized part 4 online novel; Jim Yong Kim, famous writer writer South Court, deemed the vast South early Internet novel "Qiao feng, and Linghu Chong" character actor. Most vociferous, but also a few annual hit of the beautiful roses, the play was considered coincides with the content height of more than more than 200 novels, some "can't bear to watch" screenwriter 100,000 legal fees raised will be its original author to court.
Illustrations: Kong Yiji
Even network writers claimed, dozens of flowers to hundreds of Yuan, will be able to buy on Taobao "writing software", according to excerpts in templates from existing works, to form a new novel. Insiders network of literary plagiarism rampant phenomenon known as the "Tomb culture", what lies behind the online literary plagiarism unknown thing? Spread of plagiarism aren't no cure yet?
As IP concept growing in recent years, a compound derived from the works of literature, film and television dramas, games and other merchandise, involved the interests of larger raise higher the possibility of copying, infringement disputes. Original copy of the hit TV show the beautiful roses, has caused quite a stir in the industry.
Hundreds of enthusiastic netizens spent 2 years compared, finds the beautiful roses altogether took 209 books, 2.7 million-word Chapter 294 of the book, Chapter 9 is not only copying. Chiung Yao's plum branded the misty, the South recorded, even double end posts, number of almost every word correct. Some "can't bear to watch" writers, raising over 100,000 legal costs the author qinjian to court. Writer Wang Hailin says: "authors scattered around the County, volunteers keep in touch, and will there be action ideas. Legally they are not, are the children. ”
Brocade weiyang Palace is seen as a typical "put together", it can be said is the Internet novel means of copying collection. Frame copy of the long song world; hostess set copies of the six pet long after I have sought; power house model copy of the Emperor, such as the military alliance. Many details, but also directly from elsewhere "take". For example, Li Weiyang "red arrow sleeve sprinkled gold costumes, hair all the high beam in the head with a gold hoop" appearance, with a verbatim of the long song in the world.
Writers Yu Fei said publicly many times, "Internet novel has become the hardest-hit areas of plagiarism". Network writer June explained that due to the popular Internet novel kinds of routine fixed, farming, rebirth, and more, vulnerable to pirating, a large number of similar genre fiction like this "creation", "when this literature has formed a system that links and elements that are available, if the pattern has been fixed. Boys may be the xiuxian, farming and become the Overlord; met hegemony CEO girls is Gong Dou, and how they will be favourites. Xian was the hero to get the power in the world, need constant advanced training, to meet different monsters. When lots of people watching, it was hoping for. ”
Years net zebian Zhang Weimeng said, "experience" or even "copied" popular Internet novel, have become the Web author's killer. NET text editors will tend to choose the last hot networks "with" fan base will guarantee their profits, "for example, the broken sky clicks over 3 billion, a lot of people will use this framework in the world at the time of writing the book change of name development, including the character has similarities. Edit in your books have a tendency to this book, because of the fixed readers, there is a demand. ”
"Quality WINS, but updated" this is already a network known as the law of survival. Day 3, 5000-Word updates only basis, some writers even tens of thousands. To maintain active, some writers are a patchwork. Zhang Weimeng said: "network also has a mode that is ' tips '. This requires readers to buy it, and monthly passes online top ranking score. Readers want you more, how much should result in more and more readers like you more. ”
Greedy update rate, some writers began to resort to "black science". For dozens of thousands of Yuan, will be able to buy on Taobao "automatic writing software", including text books, vocabulary, descriptive language, such as Duan Ku, excerpt from other literary works, arrangement, composition needs content. Some priced at 500 yuan of "automatic writing software", known as write thousands of words within a few seconds. Some businesses directly hit "beautiful unfinished writing reference software" ad. June said, "someone joked, he might set a target every day, write ' encounter monsters, encounters a hidden weapon, encounter beautiful ' manner, the next level can throw darts, which has formed the system. This stuff is completely mechanized, using generators to generate. ”
However, it can be seen from many network infringement cases, complex preparation of evidence and complaints procedures for creator rights difficult. Said Sun Guorui, a professor at Beihang University law school, and a network of millions of words, scrape together dozens of even hundreds of novels, extract fragments approach, in accordance with current copyright law, judging such works constitute plagiarism, no mean feat, "form does not constitute plagiarism, was not an author say he form structure is the same as mine (on the line). Copyright law protects works, has already taken shape, the form of the content of such a work. To determine whether plagiarism is difficult between the two works, similar to the substantive, to compare 80% 90% similarity will it be possible to say, it must be copied. ”
Sun Guorui said "appropriate references" when someone else's work is supposed to indicate the source, but how can we not justified even if infringement, still need to be further clarified. Otherwise, over time, not only in copies of itself, each copy cycle, or even enthusiasm to combat serious writers, bad money drives out good money, castrate the original capacity of the whole industry, "provisions of the copyright law, there are ' appropriate referencing other works constitutes fair use, not infringement. What is appropriate? I have 10,000 words, with a number of others, did not indicate the source constitutes plagiarism? This really difficult from a legal definition. Learn from other people's work without attribution, speaking from the creative and moral problems. ”
Law is the last defense of social justice, but the law is not a panacea, also do not have the force of law covers to place in infringement of network literature in this field, the law of force seems to be strong everywhere. Legal gaps and regulatory lag is a very important reason, but by no means the only factor. The industrial chain of network literature involving multiple, from the website to the film and television writers and other stakeholders, which links which say no, plagiarized literature will be difficult, but no, in pursuit of a hit, the pursuit of ratings, the pursuit of profit, all links are "lost", and end up relying on legal one-on-one situations.
Treatment of plagiarism abuse, not solo, needs more forces. Market down the immediate interests of the parties, take out commitment to resist; regulators Jolt and encourage original, plagiarism of the wind will be contained. Otherwise, copying continues to prevail, network will become a spring source, dried up dry.
网络文学抄袭泛滥，作家买“写作软件”组合新小说 - 网络小说,抄袭 - IT资讯
据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道，近年来，网络小说被指涉嫌抄袭的情况屡屡成为社会热点话题。电视剧《花千骨》原著被指涉嫌抄袭4部网络小说；著名作家金墉也将作家江南告上法庭，认为江南早期网络小说大量使用“乔峰、令狐冲”等人物涉嫌侵权。闹得最沸沸扬扬的，还要数年度热播剧《锦绣未央》，该剧被认为与200多部小说的内容高度重合，一些“看不下去”的编剧众筹10万诉讼费将其原著作者告上法庭。
配图：孔乙己
甚至有网络作家爆料，花几十到几百元不等，就能在淘宝买到“写作软件”，按照模板从已有的作品中摘抄、组合成新的小说。有业内人士将网络文学抄袭泛滥的现象称为“盗墓文化”，网络文学抄袭背后到底深藏什么不为人知的事情？抄袭泛滥难道就治不了了吗？
随着近年来IP概念日盛，一个文学作品能复合衍生出影视剧、游戏等种种商品，牵扯的利益越大，引发抄袭、侵权纠纷的可能性就越高。热播电视剧《锦绣未央》原著的抄袭事件，在业内更是引起轩然大波。
百名热心网友花了2年时间对比，认定《锦绣未央》一共抄了209本书，全书270万字294章，仅9章未抄。琼瑶的《梅花烙》、江南的《缥缈录》，甚至豆瓣天涯的帖子，很多内容几乎一字不改。一些“看不下去”的编剧们，众筹了10万诉讼费，将作者秦简告上法庭。编剧汪海林说：“作者分散在中国各地，志愿者不停找才联络起来，才会有诉讼的想法。怎么委托律师他们都不会，都是些孩子。”
《锦绣未央》被看做一部典型的“拼凑”文，可以说是眼下网络小说抄袭手段合集。框架抄《长歌天下》；女主人设抄《身历六帝宠不衰》等；谋权宫斗模式抄《帝王业》《军师联盟》等。不少细节描写，也直接从别处“拿来”。例如李未央“一身大红箭袖洒金戏服、头发全部高高束在头顶用金环箍着”的外貌特征，与《长歌天下》一字不差。
编剧余飞多次公开表示，“网络小说已成为抄袭的极重灾区”。网络小说作家筠心解释说，由于当红网络小说种类套路固定，种田文、重生文等等，极易模仿抄袭，大量雷同的类型小说都是这样“创作”出来的，“当这种文学已经形成一种体系，可用的环节、元素，情节套路都已经基本固定。男生可能是修仙、种田、成为霸主；女生就是宫斗、遇见霸道总裁、怎么成为宠妃。拿修仙来说，就是主人公要得到天下神力，需要不断进阶修炼、遇到不同的妖怪。很多人在看的时候已经有心里期待了。”
从事多年网文责编工作的张伟甍表示，“借鉴”甚至“抄袭”走红的网络小说，已成为不少网文作者的杀手锏。网文编辑们也会倾向于选择上架热销网文的“同款”，粉丝基础会保证他们的盈利，“例如，《斗破苍穹》点击超过30亿，很多人写书的时候会以这个世界框架改个名字发展，包括人物性格都会有相似点。编辑在收书的时候也会倾向要这种书，因为有固定读者群，有需求。”
“质量胜不过更新量”这早已是网文圈众所周知的生存法则。一天3、5000字的更新只是基础，有的作家甚至可以日更量上万。为保持活跃度，部分写手也会东拼西凑。张伟甍表示：“网文还有一个模式就是‘打赏’。这就需要读者给买账、投月票、把名次分数网上顶。而读者就是要你多更，导致网文需要日更多少，你更的越多读者越喜欢。”
贪婪更新速度，部分写手开始诉诸“黑科技”。花几十到几千元不等，就能在淘宝买到“自动写作软件”，包括网文电子书、词汇库、描写语段库等，从其他文学作品中摘抄、整理，重组成需要的内容。某款标价500元的“自动写作软件”，号称几秒内能写上千字。有的商家，直接打出“锦绣未央写作借鉴软件”的广告。筠心说：“有人开玩笑，他可能每天都设置一个靶子，上面写上‘遇到妖怪、遇到暗器、遇到美女’，可以用扔飞镖的方式想下一关，因为这些已经形成体系了。这种东西是完全可以机械化、用生成器去生成的。”
然而，从很多网文侵权案例可以看出，复杂的证据准备和申诉程序让原创者维权困难。北京航空航天大学法学院教授孙国瑞表示，一部几百万字的网文，东拼西凑几十部甚至上百部小说、摘抄片段的手法，按照现行《著作权》法，判定这样的作品构成抄袭，绝非易事，“构成不构成抄袭，可不是一个作者站出来说他的间架结构跟我是一样的（就行了）。著作权法保护的是作品，已经成型的、有表现形式有内容这样的一部作品。要判断两个作品之间是否构成抄袭是有难度的，实质性相似，拿来比较有8成9成的相似才有可能说，这一定是抄袭。”
孙国瑞表示，“适当引用”他人作品时理应注明出处，但怎样的不合理引用就算侵权，还有待进一步明确。否则长此以往，不仅会陷入自我复制、互相抄袭的怪圈，甚至会打击认真写作者的积极性，劣币驱逐良币，阉割整个产业的原创能力，“著作权法条文里就有‘适当引用别人作品’构成合理使用，而不是侵权。怎么叫适当？我有1万字，用了别人多少、没有注明出处就构成抄袭？这在法律界定上确实有一定难度。借鉴别人作品又不注明出处，这从创作品德上讲有问题。”
法律是社会正义的最后防线，但法律也不是万能，也有法律的力量覆盖不到的地方，在网络文学侵权这个领域，法律的力量似乎有劲无处使。法律空白和法规滞后是一个很重要的原因，但绝不是唯一因素。网络文学的产业链条涉及多方，从文学网站到影视编剧等相关方，哪一环节哪一方说不，抄袭文学都会寸步难行，但事与愿违，为了追求点击量、追求收视率、追求利润，各个环节都“失守”了，最后到了只能依靠法律单打独斗的局面。
整治抄袭恶习，不能单打独斗，需要多方合力。市场各方放下眼前利益，拿出坚决态度抵制；监管部门重拳出击，鼓励原创，抄袭之风一定会被遏制。如若不然，抄袭继续盛行，网络文学终将成为一泉无源之水，枯竭干涸。