Wikipedia founder: open to defeat Internet arms of false news-fake news, Wikipedia, Trump-IT information

Lead: whether the rise of the false information Herald the coming of the dark ages of the Internet? If you regain network pioneer spirit of openness, may be able to stop it from happening. Recently, Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales (Jimmy Wales) published in Britain's Guardian newspaper column ' with the power of Internet transparency, we can work together to defeat the fake news. In his view, the open Internet can help us defeat the fake news on the Internet, as the open source community to use the power of the masses to eliminate software bug.

Main contents of the following articles:

We have a lot of false information online floods last year, "fake news" website interfered with political speech and emotion around the world, filtering limits our vision of bubbles. (Note: filtered bubble refers to website for personal search histories provide filtered results. This result may be disagreeing more and more difficult to see as a result of content. ) Oxford Dictionary "after truth" (post-truth) setting for the annual international words. As we enter in 2017, we heard a new term such as "alternative reality" (alternative fact).

We would like to ask: do reliable information is the beginning of the end? Network look forward to the open and inclusive is wrong, please? We are in the dark ages of the Internet do?

Online dissemination of false information is a real threat. The decline of the US base, weaken our worldwide to engage in meaningful dialogue and problem-solving skills.

But the Internet has always been a place of confusion and complexity. Large number of users, identity complex, some people committed to discovering and sharing the truth, some people intentionally funny, damage, or worse. Fake news is filled with your cousin in the social media stream, and your older relatives are put to use network, is misleading and crazy forwarded by this information. At that time, spread false information through email, as it is the main way people communicate online.

▲ Went viral on social media was a piece of fake news: New York with 1000 residents were exposed to the Ebola virus

Wild growth of the Internet has always been experimental and creativity. Its power comes from the participants. Behind every bad online behavior, hide the positive contributions of millions of people, they seek to connect with others, to express themselves, expanding their shared knowledge base.

I'm an optimist. 16 years ago, I had to start participating in Wikipedia, a project that sounds impossible. How can we allow millions of people to work together across borders and perspectives, without pay, the establishment of a reliable and accurate encyclopedia? But it has become a reality.

Although false news is nothing new, but transmit mode has changed. Post on social media, manipulation, video, instant messaging has to a large extent replaced e-mail, become the main tool for disseminating false information. Compared with the turn of the century, today's Internet run more, touch more and more ruthless. In India last year, when the new 2000 rupiah note is available, false news claiming that the banknotes had a surveillance chip. Although was later debunked, but the "news" spread like wildfire in the SMS platform on WhatsApp, it has 50 million monthly users in India.

Question is: how will consumer and social institutions?

In the process of reconstruction we have factual basis, traditional media organizations (such as newspapers, television networks, book publishers) plays a vital role. Respected news organizations with extraordinary reporting, research and marketing resources available, we must redouble our efforts to maintain a credible public credibility of the media. In view of the filter media and social media bubble in the ideological opposites, this is a very high demand.

Fake news site seems to nothing overnight. Many of the site's layout style identical to legitimate newspaper Web sites, but with alarming headlines, seduce readers click and share it immediately. Even if they don't label the authors, but visually appears to be a legitimate enough to let readers ignore this point.

▲ A fake "CNN" website said Trump remove a personal Twitter, the site's address is CNN.com.de, very confusing.

In this era of confusion, we need new tools to bridge the digital frontier, distinguishing between truth and lies. Many social and digital platforms is by creating false news source identification algorithm is trying to solve this problem, but this solution is missing from the human factor.

We agreed that when we lie when they are sharing hundreds of millions of social platform, what needs to be done, but none of us believe that the social media giant's decision is valid. To separate the truth from the lies, relies on fully automated processes would be impossible, but profit-oriented media giant could give up control, we are sceptical. Is the person we need solutions, not only by the third party to check the facts, also rely on the work force. We need politicians from across China to help identify fraudulent sites, find the fake news. Research and development of new systems must be granted to individuals and communities, whether they are volunteers, paid staff or both.

To tap into this power, we need to be open. Think about the open source software movement. In the 1980 of the 20th century, the software developer community is published under an open license code and allow other developers to access, reuse and improved code, triggering massive innovation. The open source movement tells us, as the developers Eric Raymond (Eric Raymond) has said, "as long as there is enough concern, all the bug is only skin deep". Today, some of the world's most popular technology is open source.

Wikipedia has some lessons to share the new System Builder. Editors opinions through the Internet channel, selected reliable sources from the lies. They used the open model produced a lot of accurate content. Anyone in the world can add material to articles, anyone can modify the materials, and discussion. This means that more information and more attention, more credible. Regardless of the politics adheres, editors on the basis of the same rules of the game created, refined and based on fact check: verifiability, neutrality, no original research. In the back on the talk page of each article, a list of the different views.

▲ Wikipedia through mass collaboration to ensure the accuracy of the entries

With the passage of time, the people involved in this process can become more fair, more reliable information. Recent Harvard Business school study found that, with the increase of platform modification, emerged more volunteer moderators, bias and inconsistency issues disappear, edit a lot less bias.

If false information is nemesis, it is transparent. Technology platforms can choose to let people see the information openness, and provides background information on the content. We need this visibility, because it allows people to better understand origin of manufacturing processes and information, and to create a mechanism of accountability. We need online space, on a variety of ideas for open dialogue. These spaces must be designed, because harmful behaviour such as harassment is objective, impossible to eradicate the cancer on the Internet. We need practical rules, auditable commitment, civil dialogue and active participation. Moreover, we need to apply these principles to our online activities.

May have contributed to the rise of the Internet, we at the present plight of the culprit, but the majority of Internet users of the Internet can also help us get out of trouble. Next time, when you are online and when talking to someone on a controversial issue, please adhere to the correct facts, and an open dialogue. Most importantly, you may do evil, chaotic information into knowledge, but you can also do the opposite to help eliminate false news.

维基百科创始人：透明开放是打败互联网虚假新闻的武器 - 假新闻,维基百科,特朗普 - IT资讯

导语：虚假信息的崛起是否预示着互联网黑暗时代的来临？如果用户重拾网络先驱的开放精神，也许能阻止这一切的发生。近日，维基百科创始人吉米·威尔士(Jimmy Wales)在英国媒体《卫报》上发表专栏文章《用互联网透明的力量，我们能够一起打败假新闻》。他认为，透明开放的互联网力量能够帮助我们打败互联网虚假新闻，如同开源社区利用群众的力量消灭软件bug一样。

以下文章主要内容：

去年我们大量虚假信息在线泛滥，“假新闻”网站干扰了世界各地的政治言论和情绪，过滤气泡限制了我们的视野。（注：过滤气泡是指，网站针对个人化的搜索历史提供筛选后内容的结果。这种结果可能导致用户越来越难看到与之意见相左的内容。）牛津字典将“后真相”（post-truth）设定为年度国际词语。当我们迈入2017年，我们听到了新的术语，例如“替代性事实”（alternative fact）。

我们想问：可靠信息开始终结了吗？对开放和包容的网络充满期待是错误的吗？我们正处于互联网的黑暗时代吗？

网上虚假信息的传播是真正的威胁。我们事实基础的衰落，削弱了我们在全球范围内进行有意义的对话和解决问题的能力。

但互联网一直是一个混乱和复杂的地方。用户数量众多，身份复杂，有些人致力于发现和分享的真理，有些人故意搞怪、破坏，甚至更糟。假新闻充斥在你表兄弟在社交媒体信息流中，而你那些年长的亲戚都用上了网络，被这些信息误导并疯狂转发。当年，假消息主要通过电子邮件传播，因为这是人们在线交流的主要方式。

▲社交媒体上曾疯传这样一则假新闻：纽约有1000位居民曾暴露在埃博拉病毒中

互联网从来是实验和创造力野蛮生长的地方。它的力量来自参与者。在每个有害的在线行为背后，都隐藏着无数人的积极贡献，他们寻求与他人连接、表达自己，扩大他们共享的认知基础。

我是乐观主义者。16年前，我不得不开始参与维基百科，一个听起来不可能实现的项目。我们如何才能让数以百万计的人一起工作，跨越国界和观点，没有报酬，建立一个可靠而准确的百科全书？但它已成为现实。

虽然假新闻不是什么新鲜事物，但发送方式已经改变。社交媒体上的帖子、被篡改的视频，即时通讯工具已经在很大程度上取代了电子邮件，成为传播错误信息的主要工具。与世纪之交相比，今天的互联网更大、联系更多、运行方式更加残酷无情。去年在印度，当新的2000卢比钞票面世时，假新闻声称这款纸钞中装有监控芯片。后来虽然被揭穿了，但“新闻”像野火一般在短信平台WhatsApp上蔓延，而这款应用在印度拥有5000万月用户。

问题是：消费者和社会机构将如何应对？

在重建我们共有的事实基础的过程中，传统媒体组织（例如报纸、电视网络、图书出版商）扮演着至关重要的角色。广受尊敬的新闻机构拥有非凡的报道、研究和营销资源可供调配，必须加倍努力保持可信公共媒介的可信度。鉴于媒体和社交媒体过滤气泡在意识形态上的对立，这是一个很高的要求。

假新闻网站似乎一夜之间即可无中生有。其中许多网站的版面风格与合法的报纸网站一模一样，但却带有令人震惊的头条新闻，勾引读者点击并立即分享。即使他们不标注作者，但视觉看起来似乎是合法的，足以让普通读者忽略这一点。

▲一家假冒的“CNN”网站宣布特朗普删除了个人Twitter，这家网站的地址为cnn.com.de，极具迷惑性。

在这个混乱的时代，我们需要新的工具来跨越数字疆界，区分真相和谎言跨。许多社交和数字平台正在通过创建可识别虚假消息源的算法试图解决这个问题，但这一解决方案中缺少人的因素。

大家一致认为当谎言被共享数以百万次时，社交平台需要做些什么，但我们没有一个人认为社交媒体巨头的决定是有效的。将真相从谎言中分离出来，依靠完全自动化的流程是不可能实现的，但利润至上的媒体巨头能否放弃控制权，我们持怀疑态度。我们需要的是人的解决方案，不仅由第三方核对事实，还要依靠协作力量。我们需要来自中国各地的政治人物来帮助识别虚假网站，找出假新闻。必须将新系统的研发授权给个人和社区，无论他们是志愿者、有偿工作人员或两者兼顾。

为挖掘这种力量，我们需要开放。想一想开源软件运动。从20世纪80年代开始，软件开发者社区就在开放许可下发布代码，允许其他开发者访问、重用和改进代码，引发了大规模创新。开源运动告诉我们，正如开发者埃里克·雷蒙德(Eric Raymond)所说，“只要有足够多的关注，所有bug都是肤浅的”。今天，一些世界上最流行的技术都是开源的。

维基百科有一些经验教训可以分享给新系统的建设者。编辑们通过网上众说纷纭的渠道，从谎言中筛选出可靠来源。他们利用开放模型产生了大量精确内容。世界上任何人都可以为文章添加素材，任何人都可以修改素材，并展开讨论。这意味着更多信息受到更多关注，也更为可信。不管秉持何种政治倾向，编辑都要在同一游戏规则的基础上创造、精炼和依据事实检查内容：可验证性、中立性、非原创研究。在每篇文章后面的讨论页上，罗列着不同观点。

▲维基百科通过大众的协作保证词条的准确性

随着时间的推移，参与上述过程的人们可以变得更加公允，信息更加可靠。最近哈佛商学院的研究发现，随着平台上修改量的增加，涌现出更多志愿服务的版主，偏见和前后不一的问题消失了，编辑偏差少了很多。

如果说虚假信息存在克星的话，那就是透明。技术平台可以选择让人们所看到的内容信息更为公开，并提供内容的背景资料。我们需要这种可见性，因为它让人们更为了解信息的制造过程和起源，并创建出一种问责机制。我们需要在线空间，对各种观点进行开放式对话。这些空间必须是经过设计的，因为骚扰等有害行为是互联网上客观存在、无法根除的毒瘤。我们需要切实可行的规则，可审核的承诺、民间对话和积极参与。而且，我们需要把这些原则应用到我们的在线活动中。

互联网的崛起可能是导致我们处于目前困境的罪魁祸首，但是，互联网的广大网民也可以帮助我们摆脱困境。下一次，当你在网上与某人就一个有争议的问题进行交谈时，请坚持正确的事实，并展开公开对话。最重要的是，你可能会助纣为虐，使混乱信息变为知识，但同时你也能反其道而行之，协助根除假新闻。