US media: too poor in Africa may not be able to repay loans | | | non-loans _ in Africa, China News

[Observers network] over the years, China has been promoting China's infrastructure construction to expand overseas. Among them, the railway in Africa have become the Chinese a card abroad. On August 20, 2016, China won the "Ethiopian-Djibouti rail" operation for six years. This means that as the first overseas design standards, equipment procurement, construction, management and financing of the whole process, "China standard" Electric Railway to achieve the successful closure of the whole industrial chain. Last October, the achish rail was formally opened. On January 10 this year, achish rail Djibouti first electrified passenger train officially issued.

On February 7, the train started, the New York Times for nearly 1 month later, published an article discussing China's ambition and investment in Africa and to shape. Article said that China hopes the railway will change the way African travel, it will change Africa and between Africa and the rest of the world the way they do business. Articles also mentioned that Americans made some very good plans, but the fact is China's enthusiasm for building railroads, schools and stadiums in Africa, and in stark contrast to the role of the United States, the United States is to a large extent are not willing to invest in infrastructure projects on the continent. On trade, China surpassed the United States in 2009, as Africa's biggest trading partner.

Surprise was, the New York Times a vector normal anti-Americanism, not in terms of environmental and human rights attack on Chinese investment in Africa, but is worried about China's investments can get the best returns. The New York Times called poverty of African countries, China may not be able to repay the loan. Meanwhile, after China restored the operating rights to the local population, also faces the risk of maintaining the set because the European imperialists also built some rail lines in Africa, most of them in the colonies independence after decades of neglect had broken.

　　Following article excerpts:

Last month, a trip to the 10:24 A.M. train from the capital of Djibouti led to some of the most important figures in the Horn of Africa. In the tribal singers singing sound, a large group of African leaders, European diplomats, and pop culture icons, at the new railway station to climb stairs, happily compete to enter new, air-conditioned cars, take this first-run train.

"This is indeed an historic moment, and proud of our two countries and the two peoples," the Prime Minister of Ethiopia haiermaliyamu·desalaini (Hailemariam Desalegn) shortly before the train trip bound for the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa, said. "This railway will change our society and economy. "This is the first transnational railway electrification in Africa.

But the day's biggest star is probably China, China has designed this system provides train and in the planning and construction of the 753 km long railway in six years, the importation of hundreds of engineers. What about the $4 billion cost? Bank of China has provided almost all of the funds.

China has built the world's most extensive and one of the most modern rail network, and now China is bringing its abundant resources and expertise to the world. Chinese-made subway cars will soon appear in Chicago and Boston, Beijing, Indonesia to build a US $5 billion high-speed rail, the Chinese Government recently in London and built a new rail freight service between Beijing. Another ambitious project is not yet completed total length of 81,000 kilometers of the trans-Asian railway network, the network will connect the China, Laos, Thailand, and Singapore.

But there are very few places like Africa is being reshaped China's huge overseas investment, for a century, the African continent has few new railways.

Despite years of stable economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa is still plagued by inadequate infrastructure, according to data from the African Development Bank, Africa only half the road paved with pavement, almost 600 million people access to electricity.

Chinese companies have filled the gap, these companies every year in various parts of Africa to build a new port on the new airport, new highways and earns about $50 billion, according to the Johns Hopkins University Institute of higher international Africa Institute (China Africa Research Initiative) statistics.

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Many projects are the Beijing "New Silk Road" part of the plan, the $1 trillion worth of plans aimed at deepening relations between China and its trade partners of developing countries.

Most of the funds are invested in the railway project, project planners hoped that these will change the way African travel, it will change Africa and between Africa and the rest of the world the way they do business.

China built and funded projects included in the Ethiopian capital two years ago built a light-rail system, also will open later this year, to the Kenyan capital Nairobi and the port city of Mombasa railway connecting up the $13 billion, and an ambitious modernization of railway projects in Nigeria, including one for the construction of the urban transport system in Lagos.

"For a long time, African railways were barely around, and headed to a recession, but the Chinese came, all of this must change," trade publication, the International Railway Express (Railway Gazette International) andelu·gelansemu, news editor Andrew Grantham said.

China building railroads, schools and stadiums in Africa initiative, and in stark contrast to the role of the United States, the United States is to a large extent are not willing to invest in infrastructure projects on the continent. One of the few exceptions is 9.7 billion dollars announced in 2013, President Barack Obama's "Power Africa" plan, but the plan fell far short of its target of 20 million households with electricity within five years.

On trade, China surpassed the United States in 2009, as Africa's biggest trading partner.

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Considered Trump, how would that change under the Government of the United States is not clear. Trump President and doubt the benefits of free trade agreements, his transition team sent to China's State Council last month in Africa in a survey on foreign aid and development efforts into question.

This has led some African officials and experts on long-term attention to Africa's concerns, they fear losing influence and generosity is not only the United States, there are usually associated with much-needed infrastructure projects and good intentions.

Brookings Institute Director of the Africa growth initiative project Amadu·Sai (Amadou Sy) said the United States also lost the opportunity to cultivate loyal customers.

"If you're looking for a new market, Africa is going places," he said. "But now, the United States did not take advantage of the enormous potential of Africa. Instead, people are already there, they are willing to take the risk. ”

Djibouti, China cast a stake worth more than $14 billion, Djibouti is a small, high levels of poverty and high unemployment, but it is of strategic significance in the geopolitical. Projects in Djibouti, China has three ports, two airports, as well as a water diversion pipes from its neighbouring landlocked Ethiopia, Ethiopia is the economic powerhouse of the region, 90% depends on the port of Djibouti in its foreign trade.

Projects to be built and a series of coal-fired power plant built by China, these power plants to ease the summer power problems and provide the impetus for the construction of a new duty-free manufacturing zone, local officials hope that this free zone will make Djibouti a similar transit in Hong Kong ports and international shipping hub.

Chairman of the Djibouti port and free trade zone authority abubeike·aomaer·Hadi (Aboubaker Omar Hadi) said he hoped that his country with the new railway that connects the capital of Ethiopia, will be a long-term dream of trans-African rail, from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean in the first paragraph.

"The train has changed the rules of the game," he said, he noted that train trips will be reduced to 12 hours, until now, between hard 3-4-day trip by truck.

Hardy praised the Chinese people in the West Bank refused to provide funding for the infrastructure needs of the country to invest.

"We talked to the United States, but they do not have a vision," he said. "They are not considering the next 30 years. They look at Africa's past, only to see war and famine on the continent. Chinese people have vision. ”

Not everyone is reassured by the vision of China. Some fear China's chip, and cannot repay loans what happens in these countries.

Particularly high debt owed by Djibouti, 60% per cent of its gross domestic product. But the country's Finance Minister yiliyasi·Musa·dawalai (Ilyas Moussa Dawaleh) shrugged off the concerns, saying that Djibouti's growth rate was 6.7% enough to repay the loan.

"If we don't take that risk now, not developing our infrastructure, we will continue to be mired in poverty," he said. "After a few years, you'll find that Djibouti has become the logistics center of the African continent. ”

Others worry in China after leaving, the railway is what's going to happen. European imperialists have built some rail lines in Africa, most of them in the colonies independence after decades of neglect had broken.

The freedom of African railways (Africa's Freedom Railway), author of the book jiemi·mengsong (Jamie Monson) said that long-term maintenance may be more challenging than the initial construction; the book records the building of a line connecting Tanzania and Zambia railways. The Tanzania-Zambia Railway built in the cold war, was hailed as a symbol of China-Africa friendship, routine maintenance is not done in place of it, some people want the Chinese to take over it.

"Without proper maintenance will cause problems on the regional economy and the livelihood of local people may have a big impact," she said.

For now, however, Djibouti's first modern railway was made many people feel excited, it was built along a shabby railway was completed in 1917. When the French built the railway, after passing through the generations of neglect, is in the end a few years ago.

Although workers from China made a lot of technical and engineering aspects of the work, but the project employed thousands of Djibouti and Ethiopia workers laying track and tunnels to help overcome other Chinese projects in Africa often caused discontent. The project will be operated by the Chinese for five years (sic, the observer network check for 6 years), then go to the local people, many of them were trained in China.

Warm opening ceremony held in the hot sun, but most of the guests were allowed to board the train. Amid applause and song, the train pulled away from the station.

Aged 34 Daha·aihamaide·aosiman (Dha Ahmed Osman) are technical experts working for the Government and him through the window of the train looked deserted, with rugged beauty of scenery, a huge smile on her face.

He predicts that the new trains will change to Djibouti and Ethiopia, will change Africa. "To this end, we have to thank the Chinese, because they share resources and technology to us," he said. "And thank them for their trust in us. ”

>: Tang Liu Guangbo

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美媒：非洲太穷 未必能偿中国贷款|非洲|贷款|中非_新闻资讯

　　[观察者网综合]中国这些年来一直在推动中国的基础设施建设向海外扩张。其中，在非洲建设铁路已经成了中国在海外的一张名片。2016年8月20日时，中国获得了“埃塞─吉布提铁路”六年运营权。这意味着作为海外第一个集设计标准、设备采购、施工、监理和融资为一体的全流程“中国标准”的电气化铁路实现了全产业链的圆满闭合。去年10月，亚吉铁路正式通车。今年1月10日，亚吉铁路吉布提段首列电气化旅客列车也正式发出。

　　2月7日，美国《纽约时报》在这趟列车首发近1个月后，发表文章讨论了中国的雄心与对非洲的投资与塑造。文章称，中国希望这些铁路将改变非洲人的旅行方式，也将改变非洲人之间以及非洲与世界其他地方做生意的方式。文章还提到，美国人虽然提出了一些很好听的计划，但是事实是中国在非洲建设铁路、学校和体育馆的积极性，与美国在那里的作用形成鲜明对比，美国在很大程度上不愿意投资非洲大陆的基础设施项目。就贸易而言，中国早在2009年就超过了美国，成为非洲最大的贸易伙伴。

　　令人意外的是，《纽约时报》一反美媒常态，没有在环境和人权方面抨击中国对非洲的投资，反而是担心起中国的投资是否可以得到理想的回报。《纽约时报》称非洲国家贫穷，不一定能够偿还中国的贷款。同时，在中国将运营权交还给当地民众后，设置的维持也面临风险，因为欧洲帝国主义者也曾在非洲修建了一些铁路线，其中大多数在殖民地独立之后的几十年里就失修破败了。

　　以下为文章摘编：

　　上个月，一趟上午10点24分发自吉布提首都的火车引来了非洲之角一些最重要的人物。在部落歌手合唱团的演唱声中，一大群非洲领导人、欧洲外交官，以及流行文化的偶像，在新建的火车站爬上楼梯，快乐地竞相进入全新的、有空调的车厢，乘坐了这趟首次运行的列车。

　　“这的确是一个历史性的时刻，值得我们两国和两国人民自豪，”埃塞俄比亚总理海尔马里亚姆·德萨莱尼（Hailemariam Desalegn）在这趟开往埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴的列车启程前不久时说。“这条铁路将改变我们两国的社会和经济布局。”这是非洲的第一条电气化跨国铁路。

　　但那天最大的明星也许是中国，中国设计了这个系统，提供了火车，并在规划和建设这条全长753公里的铁路的六年间，输入了数百名工程师。那40亿美元的造价呢？中国银行提供了几乎所有的资金。

　　中国已建成了世界上覆盖最广、最现代化的铁路网络之一，现在中国正在把其雄厚的资源和专业知识带给世界。中国制造的地铁车厢将很快出现在芝加哥和波士顿，北京正在印度尼西亚建设一条造价50亿美元的高速铁路，中国政府最近在伦敦和北京之间建成了新的铁路货运服务。另一个尚未完成的雄心勃勃的工程是总长度为8.1万公里的泛亚铁路网，这个网络将把中国与老挝、泰国和新加坡连接起来。

　　但很少有地方像非洲那样正在被中国的巨大海外投资重新塑造，一个世纪以来，非洲大陆只新建了为数不多的铁路。

　　尽管有多年来的稳定经济增长，但撒哈拉以南的非洲仍受基础设施不足的困扰，据非洲开发银行的数据，非洲的道路只有一半铺有路面，有近6亿人尚未用上电。

　　中国公司已经在填补这个缺口，这些公司每年在为非洲各地建设新港口、新高速公路和新机场上赚取约500亿美元，据约翰·霍普金斯大学高等国际研究院中非研究所（China Africa Research Initiative）的统计。

>新闻截图

　　许多项目是北京“新丝绸之路”计划的一部分，这个价值1万亿美元的计划旨在加深中国与其发展中国家贸易伙伴之间的关系。

　　这笔资金的绝大部分都投在铁路项目上，项目计划者希望，这些铁路将改变非洲人的旅行方式，也将改变非洲人之间以及非洲与世界其他地方做生意的方式。

　　中国建造和资助的项目包括两年前在埃塞俄比亚首都建成的一个轻轨系统，还有今年晚些时候将通车的、将肯尼亚首都内罗毕与港口城市蒙巴萨连接起来的造价130亿美元的铁路，以及尼日利亚的一个雄心勃勃的铁路现代化项目，其中包括一个为拉各斯修建的城市交通系统。

　　“很久以来，非洲各地的铁路都在勉强维持并走向衰退，但中国人来了之后，这一切肯定在改变，”贸易出版物《国际铁路快报》（Railway Gazette International）的新闻主编安德鲁·格兰瑟姆Andrew Grantham说。

　　中国在非洲建设铁路、学校和体育馆的积极性，与美国在那里的作用形成鲜明对比，美国在很大程度上不愿意投资非洲大陆的基础设施项目。一个为数不多的例外是巴拉克·奥巴马总统2013年宣布的97亿美元的“Power Africa”计划，但这个计划远未达到其在五年内向2000万个家庭提供电力的目标。

　　就贸易而言，中国早在2009年就超过了美国，成为非洲最大的贸易伙伴。

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　　美国的考虑在特朗普政府下会如何改变尚不清楚。特朗普总统一直怀疑自由贸易协定带来的好处，他的过渡班子上个月发给中国国务院的一个调查问卷对外国在非洲的援助和发展努力表示了怀疑。

　　这使一些非洲官员和长期关注非洲的专家感到担忧，他们担心失去的不仅是美国的影响力和慷慨解囊，还有通常伴随急需的基础设施项目建设而来的良好意愿。

　　布鲁金斯学会非洲增长倡议项目主任阿马杜·赛（Amadou Sy）说，美国也在失去培养忠实客户的机会。

　　“如果你在寻找新市场的话，非洲是非去不可的地方，”他说。“但是现在，美国并没有利用非洲的巨大潜力。相反，中国人已经在那里，他们愿意冒这个险。”

　　中国正在吉布提投下价值超过140亿美元的赌注，吉布提是一个高度贫困和高失业率的小国，但它在地缘政治上具有战略意义。中国在吉布提的项目包括三个港口、两个机场，以及一条从其内陆邻国埃塞俄比亚引水的管道，埃塞俄比亚是该区域的经济大国，其外贸的90%依赖于吉布提的港口。

　　待建的项目还有一系列由中国建造的燃煤发电厂，这些电厂可以缓解夏季断电的问题，并为建设一个新的免税制造区提供动力，当地官员希望这个免税区将把吉布提变成一个类似香港的转运口岸和国际海运枢纽。

　　吉布提港和自由贸易区管理局主席阿布贝克·奥马尔·哈迪（Aboubaker Omar Hadi）说他希望，把他的国家与埃塞俄比亚首都连接起来的新铁路，将是人们长期梦想的、从印度洋到大西洋的跨非洲铁路的第一段。

　　“通火车已经改变了游戏规则，”他说，他指出火车将把行程减少到12小时，直到现在，两地之间艰苦的三至四天的旅行仍靠卡车。

　　哈迪称赞中国人在西方银行拒绝为该国基础设施需求提供资金后全力投资。

　　“我们找过美国，但他们没有这种远见，”他说。“他们不是在考虑未来的30年。他们用过去的眼光看非洲，只看到了非洲大陆的战争和饥荒。中国人有远见。”

　　并不是每个人都对中国的愿景感到安心。一些人担心中国手里的筹码，以及这些国家不能偿付贷款会发生什么情况。

　　吉布提欠下的债务特别高，占其国内生产总值的60%。但是该国财政部长伊利亚斯·穆萨·达瓦莱（Ilyas Moussa Dawaleh）对这种担忧不屑一顾，称吉布提的增长率是6.7%，足以偿还贷款。

　　“如果我们现在不承担这种风险，不发展我们的基础设施，我们将继续陷在贫困中，”他说。“几年后，你就会发现吉布提已经成为非洲大陆的物流中心。”

　　另外一些人担心在中国离开之后，这条铁路会发生什么事。欧洲帝国主义者也曾在非洲修建了一些铁路线，其中大多数在殖民地独立之后的几十年里就失修破败了。

　　《非洲自由铁路》（Africa’s Freedom Railway）一书的作者杰米·蒙松（Jamie Monson）说，长期维护可能比初期建设更具挑战性；那本书记录了中国建造的一条连接坦桑尼亚和赞比亚的铁路的故事。坦赞铁路修建于冷战时期，被誉为中非友谊的象征，对它的日常维护做得很不到位，因此一些人想让中国人来接管它。

　　“没有适当的维护就会产生问题，这对区域经济和当地人民的生计可能会造成巨大影响，”她说。

　　然而就眼下来说，吉布提第一条现代化铁路的建成让很多人感到兴奋，它是沿着1917年竣工的一条破旧铁路修建的。当年法国建造的那条铁路，在经过数代人的忽视之后，已经在几年前寿终。

　　虽然来自中国的工人做了大量技术和工程方面的工作，但是该项目雇佣了数以千计的吉布提和埃塞俄比亚劳工铺设轨道和挖掘隧道，帮助克服了其他中国在非洲项目常常在当地引发的不满情绪。这个项目将由中国人运营五年（原文如此，观察者网查为6年），然后转交给当地人，他们中的很多人在中国接受过培训。

　　热烈的开幕式在炙热的阳光下举行，只有最有关系的来宾才获许登上火车。在掌声和歌声中，火车缓缓驶离了车站。

　　34岁的达哈·艾哈迈德·奥斯曼（Dha Ahmed Osman）是为吉布提政府工作的技术专家，他透过火车的窗户凝望着荒芜的、拥有粗犷之美的景致，脸上露出了大大的笑容。

　　他预测，新火车将改变吉布提和埃塞俄比亚，最终将改变非洲。“为此，我们得感谢中国人，因为他们分享了资金和技术给我们，”他说。“感谢他们对我们的信任。”

>责任编辑：刘光博

文章关键词：
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