Hydropower, China won the engineering sector "Nobel Prize" | | hydropower station of the Nobel Prize _ news
> Figure ① xiluodu dam scenario. Figure II staff of xiluodu dam control system is set up for maintenance. ③ xiluodu hydroelectric power station control room, figures of dam operation. Reporter Wang Yichen photography
Mention of the dam, people's first reaction is a steel reinforced concrete cast of the Giants. However, in the downstream of jinsha River in Southwest China, has a dam of a hydropower station relies on the "best brains", with its reputation as an international engineering consulting "Nobel Prize" of the "FIDIC 2016 Project Award".
This is the second, the world's third-largest hydroelectric project have been built--the xiluodu hydropower station, due to large scale, high difficulty, becoming one of the most representative hydroelectric project in the world. It not only represents the highest level of intelligent construction of dams in the world, to show the world China's hydropower construction innovation prowess. Recently, the Economic Journal reporters into the xiluodu hydropower station, an in-depth visits to intelligent dam.
Big has "great wisdom"
Xiluodu dam-building integrated, human-computer interaction system, creating a domestic intelligence of high arch dam construction of
Xiluodu hydropower station is the national "West to East" backbone project, at the junction between leibo County in Sichuan province and yongshan County in Yunnan province on the jinsha River, installed capacity of 13.86 million-kilowatt, the world has been built on one of the 3 300-meter-high arch dam. Maximum height 285.5 metres, Crest elevation 610 m, pouring mass concrete of arch dam 6.8 million cubic meters, from afar, xiluodu hydropower station dam is nothing short of a "big man".
Xiluodu FIDIC won "hearts", not "muscles", but the world's smartest "brains".
Xiluodu hydropower station with narrow valleys, high arch, giant discharge, multiple-unit, large cavern, high shock resistance and other characteristics, beyond the world has experienced many key technology, integrated technical difficulty is ranked highest in the world. Academician Zhang Chaoran, told reporters that of xiluodu dam force is extremely complex, the entire construction process, force adjusting of the dam, all kinds of difficulty index ranked. Thrust this indicator only, up to 14 million tons. Seismic fortification standard, dam leakage power indicator is ranked first in the world. These characteristics pose great challenges for construction quality control of arch dams.
To ensure the construction quality and the safe and reliable operation of the full life cycle of the dam, xiluodu dam construction as the core of the Group of the three gorges, to build the xiluodu dam in digital, founded the intelligent construction of super high arch dam in China. Digital dam based on life-cycle management of the need to build up a collection of networks, hardware, software, project participation and expert team of integrated interactive system, which covers the concrete construction and temperature control, grout, the Golden bear, monitoring, simulation, analysis, early-warning control dam project construction and management of the whole process.
Standing at the xiluodu dam, could see many small boxes, box densely-wound threads, the thread corresponding to the appropriate number of thermometers. In addition to the thermometer, buried in the dam displacement meter, strain gauges and other monitoring instruments.
"Actually the system management of 2538, concrete information, 3496 safety monitoring apparatus, 4723 concrete thermometer temperature measurement fiber and 24,000 meters. "Hong Wenhao, General Manager of China three gorges construction management said the system can realize intelligent control of high arch dam, always knowing dam" physically "real grasp of dam construction," the pulse ".
Theory and it is by virtue of the intelligent construction systems, xiluodu created the world record of 6.8 million cubic meters of concrete pouring temperature crack does not occur. Honorary Chairman of the International Commission on large dams Lius Berga Professor: "innovations in mass concrete structure in China has been a world leader in intelligent-building, successfully resolved the ' dam does not crack ' of the world's problems. ”
"Labyrinth" wonders
Xiluodu underground power station is built in the world's largest underground caverns, construction quality has reached the international advanced level
In the xiluodu hydropower station, there is also a wonder of the world, is all over the about in the jinsha River on both sides of the underground powerhouse Caverns, both the number of openings is size, are the highest in the world. Travel through the block in a huge cavern, reporters quickly lost its way. But as long as the familiar route, different Caverns can be brought to every corner of the station staff.
Because of the narrow xiluodu terrain, less occupied land, migrating populations, must be used on both sides of the mountain as possible, put the plant in a cave. Brook Los du hydropower station total Designer, and China electric built Chengdu hospital Deputy General Manager Wang Renkun introduced, Brook Los du underground power station is currently world has built most mass of underground hole room group, in not to 1 square kilometers within has near hundreds of hole room criss-cross, hole room side wall high, and span big, which main plant span 31.9 meters, tail adjustable room height 95 meters, excavation process in the if control not in place, easy caused rock body cracking damage even collapse, effect construction and late run security.
In order to solve this problem, the project's first Super large underground cavern surrounding rock stability and control technology, the successful resolution of layered rock close integration of Bank mega cavern layout, deep overburden layer of large cross-section shaft safety construction of world-class problems, beyond the three gorges project construction quality, for similar projects to provide a ground-breaking results, overall and reached the international advanced level.
Monitoring data show that the underground caverns in a stable state. Dam Association Honorary President Pan Jiazheng, academician of China praised: "the xiluodu underground is one of the world's great wonders, xiluodu underground power station project is the boutique, is the pride of China hydropower engineering. ”
Technology of flood discharge is another highlight of xiluodu dam. In Europe and the United States once led the world in dam direction and stability for dam structure, and the dam body of sealing, the famous Hoover Dam is just like that. Xiluodu dam is a 300-meter high arch dam, as an important part of the Yangtze River flood control system, flood is the key problem, spillway is not enough to give vent to all floods on both sides of the case, the xiluodu dam was a large hole for discharge.
"The xiluodu discharge and flood level of power far exceeds the highest arch dam in the world, comprehensive technical difficulty of flood discharge and energy dissipation ranks first in the world, the successful resolution of a narrow valley, high head and large discharge flood discharging and energy dissipation key technical challenges. "Said Fan Qixiang, Deputy General Manager of the Group of the three gorges, the completion of the project" precise shape, smooth, high-strength wear-resistant "spillway, for similar projects in the new design, technology and construction programs.
Stick to the sustainable development
Xiluodu hydropower station dam and spillway flood discharge, power plant discharge coordination, minimize the impact on the environment
"By the FIDIC award of xiluodu hydropower station, in addition to reliable quality, excellent technology, but is also always carry out environment-friendly sustainable development, reflecting the core principle in FIDIC--quality, integrity and sustainability. "China three gorges construction management Ltd of xiangjiaba and xiluodu Liao Jianxin, Deputy Director of Ministry of construction participated for xiluodu project and the FIDIC award to declare the whole process, he said, construction of the xiluodu hydropower station, the" environment "and" people "factors is particularly prominent.
Sustainable hydropower development in the world today has become the trend of large hydropower development must first solve the problem of the relationship between engineering and the environment. Fan Qixiang said: "taking into account the large library of the high dam water, gas supersaturation, and so on, we are in the process of construction of the xiluodu layered water intake, measures had been taken; on the reservoir operation, we put the dam and spillway flood discharge, power plant discharge coordination, reduce as much as possible after the completion of the project's impact on the environment. ”
FIDIC is flower of xiluodu hydropower station, an important "plus" is in the process of construction of the project reflected the sense of responsibility and value orientation. Specifically, is construction stakeholders in mutual benefit and win-win development mode which adhered to the concept and the results achieved.
"Hydropower project construction process reengineering is a value. "Fan Qixiang believes that construction projects are not delivering a product, but to create a social function and the value of market competitiveness. This value must have value-added space, it reflects on the project the long-term safe operation of the efficiently, each function into full play, and on the basis of existing potential, improve.
Implement a local area and people together to develop sustainable hydropower project reflects the value of. "In support of hydropower station construction at the expense of the people in the reservoir area is very large, we must do everything possible to ensure that immigrants secure prosperity. By hydropower, to the advantage of local resources to fully exploit, market competitiveness, and promote local economic and social development, promoting immigrants on the road to riches. "Fan Qixiang said.
Reporter understand to, Brook Los du project total for library District new road over 370 km, makes local masses traffic transport more convenient security; new town 13 a, makes local town of rate increased has 2.5%; help 61,000 immigration poverty; led library district social economic development, cumulative input immigration funds 3.6 billion dollars, annual increased local revenue 420 million dollars, 200,000 library district masses living get significantly improve.
>: Tang Wu Yan
Article keywords:Hydropower station of the Nobel Prize
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中国水电拿下工程界“诺贝尔奖”|水电站|诺贝尔奖_新闻资讯
> 图① 溪洛渡大坝下游场景。图② 工作人员正在对溪洛渡大坝管控系统进行检修。图③ 溪洛渡水电站控制室内，数字显示着大坝的运行状态。本报记者 王轶辰摄
一提起大坝，人们最先反应的就是一座钢筋混凝土铸就的庞然大物。然而，在中国西南部的金沙江下游，却有一座水电站依靠着大坝的“最强大脑”，获得素有国际工程咨询领域“诺贝尔奖”之称的“菲迪克2016年工程项目杰出奖”。
这就是中国第二、世界第三大已建水电站工程——溪洛渡水电站，其因规模大、难度高，成为世界上最具代表性的水电工程之一。它不仅代表了全球大坝智能化建设的最高水准，更向世界展示了中国水电建设强劲的创新实力。近日，《经济日报》记者走进溪洛渡水电站，对智能大坝进行了深入探访。
大块头有“大智慧”
溪洛渡大坝建设了综合性人机交互系统，开创了国内特高拱坝智能化建设的先河
溪洛渡水电站是国家“西电东送”骨干工程，位于四川省雷波县和云南省永善县交界的金沙江上，装机容量1386万千瓦，是世界上已建成的3座300米级特高拱坝之一。最大坝高285.5米，坝顶高程610米，浇筑拱坝大体积混凝土680万立方米，远远望去，溪洛渡水电站大坝是个不折不扣的“大块头”。
但是溪洛渡赢得菲迪克“芳心”，靠的并不是“肌肉”，而是世界上最聪明的“大脑”。
溪洛渡水电站工程具有窄河谷、高拱坝、巨泄量、多机组、大洞室群、高抗震等特点，多项关键技术超出世界已有经验，综合技术难度居世界最高水平。中国工程院院士张超然告诉记者，溪洛渡大坝的受力情况极其复杂，整个施工过程中，坝体的受力状况在不断调整，各种难度指标居前。仅水推力这一项指标，就达1400万吨。而地震设防标准、坝身泄量功率等指标更是居世界首位。这些特点给拱坝的施工质量控制带来很大挑战。
为保证大坝施工质量和大坝全寿命周期的安全可靠运行，三峡集团以溪洛渡大坝建设为核心，打造了溪洛渡数字大坝，开创了国内特高拱坝智能化建设的先河。数字大坝基于全寿命周期管理的需要建设了一个集网络、硬件、软件、项目参建各方和专家团队为一体的综合性人机交互系统，其功能涵盖了混凝土施工、温控、灌浆、金结、监测、仿真分析、预警预控等大坝工程建设管理的全过程。
站在溪洛渡大坝坝顶，能看到很多个小盒子，盒子里密密麻麻缠绕着线头，这些线头对应着相应数量的温度计。除了温度计，坝体里还埋藏着多点位移计、应力计等多种监测仪器。
“实际上这个系统管理着2538仓混凝土浇筑信息、3496支安全监测仪器、4723支混凝土温度计以及2.4万米的测温光纤。”中国三峡建设管理有限公司总经理洪文浩说，该系统能够实现高拱坝智能管控，时刻知晓大坝的“身体状态”，真实把握大坝建设的“脉搏”。
正是凭借智能化建设理论和体系，溪洛渡创造了浇筑混凝土680万立方米未出现温度裂缝的世界纪录。国际大坝委员会名誉主席Lius Berga教授评价：“中国的创新技术在大体积混凝土结构智能化建设方面已居世界领先地位，成功解决了‘无坝不裂’的世界难题。”
呈现“地下迷宫”奇观
溪洛渡地下电站是目前世界已建最大规模的地下洞室群，施工质量达到国际领先水平
在溪洛渡水电站，还有一个世界奇观，就是遍布在金沙江左右两岸的地下厂房洞室群，无论是洞室数量还是尺寸，均为世界之最。乘车穿行在连片的巨大洞室中，记者很快就迷失了方向。但只要熟悉路线，不同的洞室可以把工作人员带到电站的每个角落。
由于溪洛渡地势比较狭窄，为更少占用土地、迁移人口，必须尽可能利用两边的山体，把厂房放在山洞里。溪洛渡水电站总设计师、中国电建成都院副总经理王仁坤介绍，溪洛渡地下电站是目前世界已建最大规模的地下洞室群，在不到1平方公里内有近百条洞室纵横交错，洞室边墙高、跨度大，其中主厂房跨度31.9米，尾调室高度95米，开挖过程中如果控制不到位，容易引起岩体开裂破坏甚至塌方，影响施工和后期运行安全。
为解决这一问题，项目首创了超大地下洞室群围岩稳定与控制成套技术，成功解决了层状岩体近库岸特大洞室群集成化布置、深覆盖层大断面竖井安全施工等世界级难题，施工质量超越三峡工程，为同类工程提供了开创性成果，总体达到国际领先水平。
监测数据也表明，地下洞室群处于稳定状态。原中国大坝协会名誉主席潘家铮院士称赞：“溪洛渡地下工程是世界一大奇观，溪洛渡地下电站工程堪称精品，是中国水电工程的骄傲。”
泄洪技术是溪洛渡大坝的另一个大亮点。在曾经引领世界坝工方向的欧美国家，出于坝体结构稳定性考虑，拱坝坝身一般不开孔，著名的胡佛大坝就是如此。溪洛渡大坝属300米级高拱坝，作为长江干流防洪体系的重要组成部分，泄洪是关键问题，在两岸的泄洪洞不足以宣泄全部洪水的情况下，溪洛渡大坝坝身开有大量孔口用于泄洪。
“溪洛渡泄洪流量和泄洪功率远超世界拱坝最高水平，泄洪消能综合技术难度居世界之首，成功解决了窄河谷、高水头、巨泄量泄洪消能关键技术难题。”三峡集团副总经理樊启祥说，项目建成了“体形精准、平整光滑、高强耐磨”泄洪洞，为类似工程提供了新的设计、技术和施工方案。
坚持可持续发展
溪洛渡水电站把大坝泄洪和泄洪洞泄洪、电站泄流统一协调起来，尽可能减小对环境的影响
“溪洛渡水电站获菲迪克奖，除了质量可靠、技术过硬外，还在于始终贯彻了环境友好的可持续发展理念，体现了菲迪克的核心原则——质量、廉洁和可持续性。”中国三峡建设管理有限公司向家坝与溪洛渡建设部副主任廖建新参与了溪洛渡工程建设和此次菲迪克奖申报全过程，他认为，溪洛渡水电站的建设中，“环境”和“人”的因素体现得尤为突出。
协调可持续已经成为当今世界水电发展的大趋势，大型水电开发首先要处理好工程与环境的关系问题。樊启祥说：“考虑到高坝大库带来的低温水、气体过饱和等情况，我们在溪洛渡建设过程中采取了分层取水等措施；在水库运行调度上，我们把大坝泄洪和泄洪洞泄洪、电站泄流统一协调起来，尽可能减小项目建成后对环境的影响。”
菲迪克奖之所以花落溪洛渡水电站，一个重要“加分项”是该项目建设过程中体现出来的责任意识和价值取向。具体来说，是在构建利益相关方互利共赢开发模式方面所坚持的理念和取得的成果。
“水电工程建设是一个价值再造的过程。”樊启祥认为，建设工程不是交付一个产品，而是创造一个具有社会功能和市场竞争力的价值体。这个价值体要有增值空间，它体现在工程能长期有效地安全运行，各项功能都能充分发挥，并且能在已有基础上挖潜、提升。
实现项目所在地区域和人民协同发展，也是水电工程永续价值的体现。“库区人民为了支援水电站工程建设牺牲很大，我们必须千方百计确保移民安稳致富。通过水电建设，要将当地的优势资源充分发掘出来，形成市场竞争力，促进当地经济社会发展，推动移民走上致富的道路。”樊启祥说。
记者了解到，溪洛渡项目共为库区新建道路超过370公里，使当地群众交通运输更加便捷安全；新建集镇13个，使当地城镇化率增加了2.5%；帮助6.1万移民脱贫致富；带动库区社会经济发展，累计投入移民资金36亿美元，年均增加当地财政收入4.2亿美元，20万库区群众生活水平得到显著提高。
>责任编辑：吴颜
文章关键词： 水电站 诺贝尔奖
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