Chinese-made ball-point pen tip: Taiyuan iron and steel, Taiyuan steel began supplying | nib | ballpoint pen | _ news
From a small box containing lozenges, engineer Zhao Wenlong poured several ball-point pen tip. He used pliers to disconnect the reporter's ballpoint pens, change your pen, draw a smooth line. "You step on the first China-made ball-point pen tip. "Zhao Wenlong told reporters.
Hundred metres away, in the rolling mill of Taiyuan iron and steel group, red hot stainless steel columns are squeezed into a slim steel; steel to be stretched into a wire after; and cutting the media attention of Chinese-made ball-point pen.
On February 7, the reporter visited the Thai Nguyen iron and steel found, ball-point pen tip steel is a steel factory specialized industry, the natural result of the thick product sends thinly. Taiyuan iron and steel engineers listen to user feedback, tirelessly improved stainless steel this old tree blossoming buds.
Despite annual pens 38 billion, but ballpoint pen of steel and processing machines are imported, most of the profits earned by foreigners. The situation in China's two sessions were repeatedly mentioned that the final manufacturing, China is seen as a microcosm of the big but not strong. "Why is this thing easily resonate in the public and the media in China? "Science and technology Minister XU Guanhua told a symposium on 2010 year," from the leaders down to the new primary school, everybody with a pen. So talking about industrial hollowing out, ball-point pen case is very appropriate. ”
To this end, the key project of Ministry of science and technology national science and technology support program "pen key materials and preparation technology and industrialization", core objectives is ball-point pen head localization in China. "In 2011 we had a project of Ministry of science and technology. "The engineers involved in the research and development, Wang Hui Mian said," led by the business enterprises, participation of Taiyuan iron and steel and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In support of this project, in 2014 we confirm the secret tip steel. 2015 until now, we have been trying to set nib steel on the production line to ensure its quality and stability. ”
Taiyuan iron and steel engineer after receiving the task, first from the study on the mechanism.
Stainless steel ballpoint pen tip, can be traced to Japan 50 years ago. A Japanese small business development SF20T stainless steel, is the only appropriate tip steel materials, the long-term monopoly of supply.
Stainless steel processing not using common ball-point pen: holes are drilled out of the tip, drill ordinary steel, down the spiral steel scraps through Aperture cannot continue. Tip steel less ductile, won't fall out of the spiral steel scraps. But on the other hand, written less than 0.4 mm top thickness, cutting grooves in the steps of the micro-structure, achieve the micron-level precision, pressure, in knife nib steel too brittle cracking.
Wang Mian said, research and development of steel tip is difficult, it's not tough nor too strong, the performance range is very narrow.
The approximate ratio of elements of tests by the Japanese steel, do not know how to make steel. In General, most additive for stainless steel is carbon, Silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nib steel is used more than 10 elements. How to add these elements are trade secrets, added wrong way, elements are not uniformly distributed over the whole furnace of molten steel, steel is not eligible.
"Without all the information," Hui Mian said, "we use dozens of kilograms of furnace began to experiment, to find thousands, has lost count of the failed. ”
Not easy to achieve uniform, molten steel is not as good a pot of vegetable soup mix, added elements are often gathered to leave. After each melting, to test thousands of data, analysis and adjustment. Engineers can try to blow into the massive grinding also can be made into bars and wire feed, with years of steelmaking experience.
When the initial trials are successful, engineers use the furnace continued to experiment with one hundred or two hundred kilograms. Then a 1-tonne stove; the ultimate goal is 45 and 90 tons of pot. From pilot to pilot, pilot production, each link we have to rely on patience. Goal is seen under an electron microscope, uniform crystals, as well as qualified elongation, tensile strength and hardness.
Special steel smelting is a fine work. From raw materials to the tip wire, need more than more than 50 operations. Zhao Wenlong told reporters that every process needs quality control. If steel has tiny bubbles and perforations on the wire it could be in the machine; wire rod rolling may also surface cracking. In order to wire appearance from scratch, when they are lifting steel volumes, not fork, but with a belt; after which they are packed.
"Users told us that they don't need 100 minutes of material, but needs stability in 80 minutes of material. "Zhao Wenlong said, to this goal, Taiyuan steel has also improved the quality of control.
Now pens such as Taiyuan steel has begun to shell and their supply. Taiyuan steel delivered to the user's weight increased from a few tons to 10 tons of steel, the future is expected to achieve an import substitution. Import nib steel prices have recently fallen to one-fourth.
January Chinese-made ball-point pen tip steel developed quickly spread throughout China and even days of Taiyuan stainless steel push up stocks, from management to the grass-roots level in Taiyuan iron and steel immensely pleasant surprise.
Taiyuan iron and steel is the top student in the steel industry in China, is the world's largest producer of stainless steel. Its production scale of 20 or so China, profit margins came in 5th, 6th place. The plant has been, it has been with feature development, and also adhere to the "transformation does not switch to" focus on making strong skills in stainless steel. Taiyuan iron and steel engineers is proud to say, Pan stainless steel ball from home, to the rockets, nuclear power and high-speed rail with stainless steel, Taiyuan iron and steel strength. Taiyuan iron man, I am happy to mention: Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was built last year, is a key to use the skin of stainless steel rebar of Taiyuan iron and steel production. In this context, "ball point pen tip steel" was seen by them as a small case.
"Maybe in all, tip steel that is small, but the spirit nib steel, made in China can be stronger. "The Thai Nguyen iron and steel official told reporters.
In response, Xu Guanhua, commented that some old industries as being as a sunset industry, in fact, is full of opportunity and profit growth if enterprises aimed at innovation and profit; with innovation ability of traditional industry is not old, remains the powerful manufacturing base.
Taiyuan iron and steel research and development ability is strong, one reason is that its engineers running the user. Taiyuan steel has a double system, team sales manager and production manager, production manager should listen to user feedback, guides users in the proper use of materials. At present, the Thai Nguyen iron and steel have more than more than 20 pairs of materials research and development team manager, tip steel was one of them.
"For tip steel project, engineers all over China's pen of the Taiyuan iron and steel enterprises, to listen to their views. "Zhao Wenlong said," we worked hard to make materials often being denied by a customer. Although uncomfortable, but it is necessary to test standard of our work is the satisfaction of customer needs. ”
"I run outside for most of the year, listen to feedback from customers. "Hui Mian said," sometimes, the test of material property data pass, but customers may not be easy. Because your test equipment testing means, and the actual process is not the same thing. ”
Tip steel pens after the initial success of the enterprise, Taiyuan iron and steel engineer, still has hundreds of trials, adjust the steel to meet customers requirements.
"The domestic market is our precious resources," Xu Guanhua believes that enterprises should focus first on the market, identify new market needs and reasonable options, through Government-led projects will not solve the long-term problem is up to meet the market demand to eventually achieve long-term investment in science and technology.
Taiyuan iron and steel workers also told reporters that in order to encourage meditation research, management and development of Taiyuan iron and steel double-channel promotion system to ensure researchers only high not low. A year for import substitution development project technical personnel awarded tens of millions of Yuan in prize money.
In Taiyuan iron and steel workshop, the reporter experienced the "continuous writing 800 meters at a different angle," newly-written, also saw a number of the placement of Chinese written Chinese-made brand of ball-point pen. The pen will be Chairman of Taiyuan iron and steel to the Chinese on the two sessions this year.
Source: Science Daily
> Editor: Zhang di
Article keywords:Pen ballpoint pen in Taiyuan iron and steel
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中国国产圆珠笔尖:太原钢铁开始供货|笔尖|圆珠笔|太原钢铁_新闻资讯
从一个装润喉糖的小盒里，工程师赵文龙倒出几个圆珠笔尖。他用钳子拔下记者的圆珠笔头，换上新笔头，画出流畅的线条。“你先一步用上了中国自己造的圆珠笔尖。”赵文龙告诉记者。
百米外，太原钢铁集团的轧钢车间里，红热的不锈钢柱被挤压成纤细的钢条；之后钢铁被拉伸成钢丝；再切削出媒体瞩目的中国国产圆珠笔头。
2月7日，记者走访太原钢铁发现，圆珠笔尖钢是一个钢铁老厂专精一业，厚积薄发的自然结果。太原钢铁工程师听取用户反馈，不厌其烦地改进，让不锈钢这棵老树上绽发新芽。
尽管中国年产圆珠笔380亿支，但圆珠笔的钢材和加工机器都是进口的，大部分利润都被外国人赚走。这一状况在中国两会上被反复提及，最终被看作中国制造业大而不强的一个缩影。“这个事情为什么容易在中国公众和媒体中引起共鸣呢？”科技部原部长徐冠华曾在2010年一次专题座谈会上说，“上至国家领导人，下至刚入学的小学生，大家都要用笔。所以谈产业空心化，圆珠笔这个案例是非常合适的。”
为此，科技部资助国家科技支撑计划重点项目“制笔行业关键材料及制备技术研发与产业化”，核心目标就是圆珠笔头中国国产化。“2011年我们接到了科技部的项目。”参与研发的工程师王辉绵说，“由制笔企业牵头，太原钢铁和中科院参与。在这个项目支持下，我们2014年基本搞清了笔尖钢的秘密。2015年到现在，我们一直在试图让笔尖钢走上生产线，保证它的品质和稳定性。”
太原钢铁工程师接到任务后，首先从研究机理着手。
用不锈钢做圆珠笔尖，可以追溯到50年前的日本。一家日本小企业研发的SF20T不锈钢，是唯一合适的笔尖钢材料，该企业长期垄断供应。
用一般的不锈钢加工不了圆珠笔头：笔尖里的孔是钻出来的，钻普通钢材，褪下的螺旋状钢屑会堵住孔径无法继续。笔尖钢没那么韧，不会掉落螺旋钢屑。但另一方面，笔头顶端厚度不到0.4毫米，要切削出有台阶有沟槽的微观结构，达到微米级精度，压力巨大，笔尖钢如果太脆就会在刀下开裂。
王辉绵说，研发笔尖钢的难度在于，它不能不强韧也不能太强韧，性能区间很窄。
能化验得到日本钢材的大致元素配比，不等于明白该如何炼钢。一般来说，不锈钢用的最多的添加剂是碳、硅、锰、磷、硫、铬，笔尖钢则用到十几种元素。如何添加这些元素是行业秘密，添加方法不对，元素不能均匀分布于整炉钢水，钢材就不合格。
“一切资料都没有，”王辉绵说，“我们用几十公斤的炼炉开始实验，成千次地摸索，失败次数已记不清了。”
要做到均匀不容易，钢水不像一锅菜汤好搅匀，加入的元素往往聚集不散。每次冶炼之后，要测试上千个数据，然后分析和调整。工程师们可以试着将块状的料磨成粉吹进去，也可以做成条和丝喂进去，凭借的是多年炼钢经验。
当初步试验成功，工程师就使用一二百公斤的炼炉继续实验。然后是1吨规模的炉子；最终目标是45吨和90吨的大熔炉。从小试到中试，再到试生产，每一个环节都要靠耐心。目标就是看到电子显微镜下分布均匀的晶体，以及合格的延伸率、抗拉强度和硬度。
炼特种钢是个精细活儿。从原料到笔尖钢丝，需要50多道工序。赵文龙告诉记者，每一道工序都需要质量控制。如果炼钢有微小的气泡，钢丝就有可能在机器上穿孔；盘条轧制时也可能会表面开裂。为了钢丝外表不受一点刮蹭，他们在吊运钢丝卷的时候，不能用钢叉，而是用皮带；之后还要用木箱包装。
“用户告诉我们，他们不需要100分的材料，而是需要表现稳定的80分的材料。“赵文龙说，为了这一目标，太原钢铁还在改进质量的控制。
现在太原钢铁已经开始向贝发等制笔企业供货。太原钢铁送抵用户的钢材量从几吨提升到十吨以上，未来预计能够实现进口替代。进口笔尖钢材的价格最近已经跌了四分之一。
1月份中国国产圆珠笔尖钢研制成功的消息火速传遍中国，甚至连日推涨太原钢铁不锈的股票，这让从管理层到基层的太原钢铁人大为惊喜。
太原钢铁是中国钢铁业的优等生，也是世界最大的不锈钢生产商。它的生产规模排在中国20名左右，利润率却排在第5名、第6名。建厂以来，它一直凭借特色求发展，如今也坚持“转型不转行”，注重在不锈钢上做强内功。太原钢铁工程师们自豪地说，从家里刷锅的不锈钢球，到火箭、核电和高铁用的不锈钢，都是太原钢铁的强项。太原钢铁人很乐意提到：去年港珠澳大桥建成，一个关键就是使用了太原钢铁生产的不锈钢外皮螺纹钢。在此背景下，“圆珠笔尖钢”被他们看作一个小case。
“或许在大家看来，笔尖钢这件事很小，但有了笔尖钢精神，中国制造就能做强。”太原钢铁一位管理人员告诉记者。
对此，徐冠华评论说，一些老产业被说成夕阳产业，实际上充满了机会和利润增长点，前提是企业以创新为目标和利润来源；具备创新能力的传统产业并不老，仍然是强国制造业的基础。
太原钢铁研发能力之所以强，一个原因在于它的工程师勤跑用户。太原钢铁有一种双经理制，研发团队里有销售经理和生产经理，生产经理要倾听用户的反馈，指导用户正确使用材料。目前，太原钢铁有20多个双经理的材料研发小组，笔尖钢是其中之一。
“为笔尖钢的项目，太原钢铁的工程师跑遍了中国的制笔企业，听他们的看法。”赵文龙说，“我们辛苦做出的材料常被客户否定。听了虽然不舒服，但这是必要的，检验我们工作的标准就是客户需求的满足度。”
“我一年中大部分时间在外面跑，听客户的反馈。”王辉绵说，“有时候，测试出的材料性能数据过关，但在客户那里未必好用。因为你的实验设备的测试手段，和客户实际加工不是一回事。”
笔尖钢在制笔企业初步使用成功后，太原钢铁的工程师仍做了近百项试验，调整钢材去适应客户要求。
“国内市场是我们的宝贵资源，”徐冠华认为，企业应当首先关注市场，发掘市场新的需求并提出合理方案，借由政府主导的科技项目不能解决长远问题，最终还是要靠满足市场需求来实现长期的科技投入。
太原钢铁职工还告诉记者，为了鼓励静心研发，太原钢铁实行管理和研发双渠道晋升体制，保证研发人员的收入只高不低。他们每年为进口替代研发项目的技术人才颁发了几千万元的奖金。
在太原钢铁车间里，记者体验了“不同角度连续不断书写800米”的新制笔头，也看到一批安上中国国产笔头的中国国产品牌圆珠笔。这些笔将被太原钢铁董事长带到今年的中国两会上。
来源：科技日报
>责任编辑：张迪
文章关键词： 笔尖 圆珠笔 太原钢铁
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