The Ministry of environmental protection: thermal power industry burn petroleum coke has little effect on heavy pollution

On September 22, 2014, in Yichang, Hubei Province, the setting sun power plant and grid. Maps/China Visual

The Beijing News (Xinhua Sha Lu) how domestic usage of petroleum coke, and smog in the end what is the relationship? On January 5 this year, Peking University Law School Professor Shen Kui around the burning of petroleum coke filed five applications for disclosure of Government information, on February 15, the Ministry of environmental protection was given to this reply, that burn petroleum coke to regional large scale heavy pollution weather had little effect.

Shen kui said in an interview with the Beijing News and timely reply to the satisfaction of the Department of environmental protection, but there are some questions, such as actual emissions of burning petroleum coke, in the hope that relevant departments and Governments at all levels to more proactive public information.

Five public information Ministry to reply

On December 6 last year, the National Energy Board, the Department of environmental protection issued the strict limitation of burning petroleum coke project planning and construction of the circular (hereinafter referred to as the notice). This year January 5, Shen Kui on related problem to national energy Council and environmental Department filed government information public application, including burning oil Coke fire power project in domestic of number, and these project of burning oil coke of source, and these project of pollution monitoring data, and these project of pollution and current of air pollution (fog haze) of associated degrees, and national energy Council and environmental Department introduced this notification of background.

On January 24, the National Energy Board had replied the same day, the Ministry of environmental protection to public extension of Government information and tell and give a formal reply on February 15.

From the replies received, four application information, National Energy Board says "no master". On February 15, the disclosure of Government information is given notice of the Ministry of environmental protection, Shen Kui was given to the five information disclosure application response.

　　Monitoring does not differentiate between petroleum coke burning power generation project

Shen Kui made the top three applications in information, Ministry of environmental protection said that burn petroleum coke-fired power projects in the refinery captive power boilers, petroleum coke and coal combustion, but mixing ratio varies.

At present, the environmental protection departments have established State-controlled key pollution source auto-monitoring platform, because my sources of relevant monitoring data were classified according to industry, thermal power projects monitoring information without fuel information, unable to distinguish between what is combustion of petroleum coke-generation projects, therefore could not extract petroleum coke burning power generation projects and emission monitoring data information.

About the 5th information request, the Environmental Protection Department, the starting point of the notification is to take precautionary measures to prevent abuse of high-sulfur petroleum coke. Experts, that use petroleum coke chemical raw materials should be, should not be encouraged as a main fuel of the power plant.

　　Combustion of petroleum coke enterprises are carried out the transformation of desulfurization and dust removal

Combustion of petroleum coke how pollution associated with the current of air pollution? Shen Kui of the 4th application information. Environmental Protection Department for a more detailed explanation and relevant data are given.

In 2011, the Environment Ministry will amend the emission standard of air pollutants for thermal power plant (GB1322302011) and power boilers in the light of burning petroleum coke emissions standards for coal-fired boiler to meet new emission limit requirements, gas electricity petroleum coke desulfurization, denitrification, dust removal renovation, air pollutant emissions declined significantly.

According to reports, is the focus of atmospheric environmental management units in thermal power plants, the current online monitoring facilities have been installed and networked with the Department of environmental protection to realize real-time monitoring of emissions. Therefore, regardless of the fuel used in power plants, as long as there is excessive emissions, environmental protection departments in accordance with the requirements of the relevant laws and regulations will be punished.

Environmental Department to out has a group data, based on thermal power industry atmosphere pollutants emissions standard limited value requirements, by experts preliminary estimates, 2016 China thermal power industry burning with oil Coke smoke dust, and sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide emissions volume respectively for 2000 tons, and 10,000 tons, and 10,000 tons around, respectively accounted for China emissions total of 0.01%, and 0.05%, and 0.05%, on regional big scale heavy pollution weather,, effect is unlikely to.

　Dialog

Shen Kui, a professor at Peking University law school:

Environmental monitoring for further control of the combustion products information

The Beijing News: for the two ministries are you satisfied?

Shen Kui: the two departments in accordance with the prescribed procedures response was timely, applied before channels are open. But there are still some questions, such as the Ministry of environmental protection the answer to the fourth, experts calculate burn petroleum coke emissions accounts for a very small proportion of the total emissions of pollutants, weather had little effect on regional-scale pollution, but it is based on limit values of emission standard of air pollutants for fossil power generation industry requirements for measurement, actual emissions still do not understand.

According to some news reports, there are power plant emissions may not be in strict accordance with the standards, even with desulphurization facilities sometimes not functioning, excessive emissions may still exist. Even if there are enterprises exceeding emission, but experts calculate percentage is very low, even if excess emissions may not be great, but some doubt, but can accept the conclusions of the Ministry of environmental protection.

The Beijing News: two sectors on your application of the 5th had replied, what do you think about it?

Shen Kui: the fifth application content can actually be classified as an advisory nature of application, from the scientific theory and practice, the advisory nature of the Government can refuse to answer. Since the application may involve information that is in the nature of reality does not exist and needs to be applied for finishing of government departments, government departments can respond to information does not exist, but also to give a clearer answer, description of the policy context in detail. I am very satisfied.

The Beijing News: two departments respond to you fully understand it or not, whether the parties made oral communication?

Shen Kui: extension prior to inform the Department of environmental protection, and I had a phone, they use plain language on the phone was introduced, therefore the content of the replies which can be understood.

The Beijing News: Ministry of environmental protection was how to explain?

Shen Kui: information such as the first three responses referred to the Ministry of environmental protection, currently of burning petroleum coke plant, most of the oil refinery captive power plant. Reason is a by-product of burning petroleum coke oil refinery, in order to make better use of these captive power plant is packaged in the petrochemical industry as a whole, making it difficult to identify a specific number. Meanwhile, from a monitoring perspective, the Environmental Protection Department to end monitoring, whether coal or fuel oil, and emissions are similar, for substances burn which does not master.

The Beijing News: to control air pollution, related departments have any hope?

Shen Kui: first of all want to burn petroleum coke on strictly limited power generation project planning and construction of the notice referred to in each of these requirements are in place, the file itself is of burning petroleum coke project. Related sectors not only to end the monitoring, some information can be further understood and controlled, better urge to control air pollution.

Hope sectors and levels of Government to be more proactive disclosure of government documents decisions and background, public information can be diverse. This will not only enhance the credibility of the Government, strengthen the execution of policy, can also reduce the rumors on the Internet, people can read files naturally has fewer questions.

　　Links

In recent years, China's imports of petroleum coke continue to decline

According to the National Energy Board and the definition of the Ministry of environmental protection of petroleum coke, petroleum coke is a by-product of the petroleum refining process, with a carbon content high, characteristic of high sulfur content and contain heavy metal compounds.

Be divided into high and low sulfur petroleum coke, "according to sulfur content higher than the 3% within the industry to distinguish between high-sulfur petroleum coke with low-sulfur petroleum coke, OK petroleum coke used for electrodes, high-sulfur petroleum coke is used as a fuel. "The Chinese research Academy of environmental sciences said Chai Fa, a researcher at the Beijing News, low-sulfur petroleum coke is a high quality scarce resources, is the production of necessities. High-sulfur petroleum coke is mainly used in electric power, glass, cement and other industries for use as fuel.

Data show that in recent years, China's imports of petroleum coke continued to decline. 2014-2016 November China imports total much less than the more than 10 million tons of petroleum coke. 2016 years ago 11 months, imports of 3.96 million tons of petroleum coke, one of high-sulfur petroleum coke 2.01 million tons in 2015, representing a decrease of 51%.

(Editors: Biao Guo UN832)
2017-02-19 05:23:58
The Beijing News

环保部：火电行业燃石油焦对重污染影响不大

2014年9月22日，湖北宜昌，夕阳下的火力发电厂及其电网。图/视觉中国

　　新京报讯 （记者沙璐）国内石油焦使用情况如何，与雾霾到底有何关系？今年1月5日，北京大学法学院教授沈岿围绕燃石油焦提起了五项政府信息公开申请，2月15日，环保部对此给予了答复，表示燃石油焦对区域大尺度重污染天气而言影响不大。

　　沈岿在接受新京报记者采访时表示，对环保部及时答复有满意的地方，但也存在一些疑问，比如燃石油焦的实际排放量等，希望以后相关部门和各级政府可以更加主动公开相关信息。

　　五项申请公开信息环保部均予答复

　　去年12月6日，国家能源局、环保部印发《关于严格限制燃石油焦发电项目规划建设的通知》（以下简称《通知》）。今年1月5日，沈岿就相关问题向国家能源局和环保部提起政府信息公开申请，包括燃石油焦火力发电项目在国内的数量、这些项目的燃石油焦的来源、这些项目的污染监测数据、这些项目的污染与当前的大气污染（雾霾）的关联度、国家能源局和环保部出台本通知的背景。

　　1月24日，国家能源局给予了答复，同日，环保部作出政府信息公开延期告知书，并于2月15日给予正式答复。

　　从答复情况看，对前四项申请信息，国家能源局表示“暂不掌握”。2月15日，环保部给出了政府信息公开告知书，对沈岿提出的五项信息公开申请均给予了回复。

　　监测信息中无法区分燃石油焦发电项目

　　对于沈岿提出的前三项申请信息，环保部表示，燃石油焦火力发电项目主要为炼化企业内自备电站锅炉，一般为石油焦与煤掺烧，但掺烧比例各不相同。

　　目前，环保部门已经建立国控重点污染源自动监控平台，由于我部污染源相关监测数据是按照行业分类，火力发电项目监测信息中无燃料信息，无法区分哪些是燃石油焦发电项目，因此无法提取燃石油焦发电项目数量和污染物排放监测数据相关信息。

　　对于第5项信息申请，环保部介绍，《通知》的出发点是防患于未然，杜绝高硫石油焦滥用。经专家论证，认为石油焦利用应以化工原料为主，不宜鼓励其作为发电厂的主要燃料。

　　燃石油焦企业大都开展了脱硫除尘改造

　　燃石油焦污染与当前的大气污染的关联度如何？对于沈岿提出的第4项申请信息。环保部进行了较为详细的解释，并给出了相关数据。

　　2011年，环保部修订了《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》（GB1322302011），要求燃石油焦的发电锅炉参照燃煤锅炉排放标准执行，为达到新的排放限值要求，燃石油焦电力企业大都开展了脱硫、脱硝、除尘改造，大气污染物排放量显著下降。

　　据介绍，火电厂是大气环境管理的重点排污单位，目前均已安装在线监测设施，并与环保部门联网，实现了对污染排放的实时监控。因此，无论电厂使用何种燃料，只要存在超标排放行为，环保部门会按照相关法律法规的要求予以处罚。

　　环保部给出了一组数据，基于火电行业大气污染物排放标准限值要求，经专家初步估算，2016年中国火电行业燃用石油焦烟粉尘、二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分别为0.2万吨、1万吨、1万吨左右，分别占中国排放总量的0.01%、0.05%、0.05%，对区域大尺度重污染天气而言，影响不大。

　　对话

　　北京大学法学院教授沈岿：

　　环保监测需进一步掌控燃烧物信息

　　新京报：对于两部委的答复是否满意？

　　沈岿：两部门依照规定程序答复，很及时，之前申请时渠道就很畅通。但仍有一些疑问，比如环保部对第四项的答复为，专家测算燃石油焦污染物排量占中国排放总量比例很小，对区域大尺度重污染天气影响不大，但这是基于火电行业大气污染物排放标准限值要求进行的测算，实际排放量还不太了解。

　　根据一些新闻报道，有电厂实际排放可能并未严格按照标准，即使有脱硫脱硝设施有时也不运转，超标排放可能仍然存在。即便有企业超标排放，但专家测算占比非常低，即使超标排放量可能也不会很大，只是有些疑惑，但基本可以接受环保部给的结论。

　　新京报：两部门对你申请的第5项信息都给予了答复，你怎么看？

　　沈岿：第五项申请公开的内容其实可以被归为具有咨询性质的内容申请，从学理上和实务上看来，咨询性质的申请政府可以不予答复。由于咨询性质的申请涉及的信息可能是现实不存在，需要被申请的政府部门加工整理，政府部门可以答复信息不存在，但两部门还是给予了比较明确的答复，对政策背景做了详细的描述。我感到很满意。

　　新京报：两部门的回复你是否完全理解，双方是否进行过口头沟通？

　　沈岿：环保部在延期告知之前，和我有过一个电话沟通，在电话中他们用通俗易懂的语言进行了介绍，因此对于答复的内容基本可以理解。

　　新京报：环保部是如何解释的？

　　沈岿：比如对前三项的信息答复，环保部提到，目前燃石油焦的电厂，绝大部分为石油炼化企业的自备电厂。原因是燃石油焦是石油炼化企业的副产品，为了更好地利用，这些自备电厂被打包在整个炼化企业当中，因此很难查清具体数量。同时，从监测角度讲，环保部门进行的是末端监测，不管烧煤还是燃石油焦，排放物都差不多，对于究竟烧的哪些物质并未详细掌握。

　　新京报：在治理大气污染方面，对相关部门有何希望？

　　沈岿：首先希望将《关于严格限制燃石油焦发电项目规划建设的通知》中提到的每一个要求都落实到位，文件本身就是针对燃石油焦发电项目的。相关部门不能只进行末端监测，对一些信息可以进一步了解和掌控，更好的督促地方治理大气污染。

　　同时希望相关部门和各级政府可以更加主动公开政府的文件决策及背景，公开信息的方式可以多样化。这样不仅提升政府公信力，加强政策的执行力，还可以减少网上的传言，百姓看得懂文件自然疑问就会少了。

　　链接

　　近几年中国石油焦进口量持续下降

　　根据国家能源局和环保部对石油焦的定义，石油焦是石油炼制过程中的副产物，具有含碳量高、硫分高、含有重金属化合物的特点。

　　石油焦有高硫和低硫之分，“行业内一般按照硫含量是否高于3%来区分高硫石油焦与低硫石油焦，好的石油焦用来做电极，高硫石油焦被用作燃料。”中国环境科学研究院研究员柴发合此前对新京报记者表示，低硫石油焦是一种优质紧缺资源，是生产必需品。而高硫石油焦主要应用于电力、玻璃、水泥等行业，作为燃料使用。

　　数据显示，近几年，中国石油焦进口量持续下降。2014年-2016年11月中国每年进口石油焦总量远小于1000多万吨。2016年前11个月，石油焦进口量396万吨，其中高硫石油焦201万吨，较2015年同期减少51%。(责任编辑：郭彪 UN832)
2017-02-19 05:23:58
新京报