Chinese scientists: bring woolly mammoth back to life three step | | mammoth resurrection _ news
> Mammoth network pictures
Revival of Japanese scientists do mammoth study; Harvard University team said the mammoth also has a two-year revival ... ... This two-day, international information on the woolly mammoth will be resurrected are pouring in. 19th President of the huada Genomics Institute, Chief Scientist, Xu told the science journal, Executive Director of the national gene bank, Chinese scientists had returned to a mammoth cell functions, formed the embryonic cell, only to be a qualified surrogate mammoths came through from more than 4,000 years ago, amazing returns.
Resurrection only "three steps"
Enter the national gene bank in Shenzhen Dapeng area, the first thing is the giant woolly mammoth sculpture. Scientists here are working hard, make it one day and kicking again appeared in front of humans.
How do mammoths live? Xu said: "requires three steps. A first step, the resurrected mammoth cells; second, restore the full functionality of cells formed embryonic cells; the third step, find a surrogate mother gave birth to produce mammoth entity. ”
Xu, in 2013, people in the Siberian ice complete woolly mammoth calf was found, then by baby elephant hair, get a mammoth complete nucleus. "Scientists removed mammoth cell nucleus injected into the nucleus of cells of the Asian elephant, was the nucleus of mammoth's genome, show it is a characteristic of mammoths, has thus resurrected mammoth cell. Based on the embryonic cells to reproduce the mammoth mammoth cell, cloning and stem-cell technology has now achieved this goal, allow cells to achieve full functionality, the embryo can develop into a complete, finally, bred mammoth entity. ”
"Surrogate" mammoth controls rejection
Although the "resurrection of the mammoth" earned enough attention, but Xu said the different agencies for "resurrection" has a different understanding or definition.
"If subject to the nurturing living embryonic cells, Chinese scientists have revive mammoths. But if foster into a mammoth individual shall prevail, there is still some way to go. "Xu says, nurture into a mammoth individual" surrogate "hard" controls rejection. After the new Splinter Cell develops into an embryo, the most difficult hurdle is how to make the mammoth embryos in a surrogate uterus implantation, growth until smoothly gave birth to mammoth. Transplanted embryo and mother inevitably produces immune rejection, mammoth before the embryos may be there is no organ was destroyed. ”
Because even mammoths and the "next of kin" compared to Asian elephants, both genetic variation still 4.7%, surrogate vulnerable to abortion. Xu said: "the third step will depend on future artificial uterus, is about 5-10 years. ”
According to Hong Kong Wen Wei Po reported, to cracked generation pregnancy row different caused of trapped Council, Harvard University research team using copy technology elephant skin cell, will long mammoth DNA mix cell within, again will they implanted to has moved except original genetic material of Asia as egg, then stimulus egg development into embryos, and put into artificial uterine foster, and non-adventure will embryos implanted endangered of Asia as body.
Not all extinct animals can do it again
How to revive extinct species? In fact, many countries are engaged in the research, but not many previously reported. Because, should revive extinct animals are still very controversial.
Supporters believe that if you can successfully revive mammoths, for saving endangered animals is a major breakthrough, biotechnology will be a big step forward. But opponents argue that, from a biological point of view, resurrected mammoth does not have a special meaning, because it's position is very clear on the evolutionary chain. And human intervention in biology on natural elimination, contrary to the laws of nature.
Resurrected mammoth, BGI is not alone in the battle, according to research confidentiality agreement, Xu Xun cannot disclose, but his attitude is clear: Mastering the resurrection technology to the conservation of biological diversity is of great significance, the national gene pool is already stored a variety of bio-resource sample qianwanfen, is the world's first platform for biodiversity research and conservation to provide resources. Meanwhile, he also stressed that reviving extinct animals are not desirable in bulk.
How many extinct animals can reset it? Dinosaurs and other extinct animals can live?
"Mammoths can be brought back by accident, because thousands of years ago, it happened to be the Siberian cold environment preserved the integrity of nuclear genes. "Xu told Science Daily reporter," in fact, mammoth extinction of near enough because 4000 for the Earth is a very short period of time. And the more distant we only fossils of dinosaurs, even if people pick up the eggs, there are no live cells. ”
(,, Shenzhen February 19)
>: Tang Liu Debin SN222
Article keywords:Mammoth resurrection
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中国科学家：让猛犸象复活只需三步|猛犸象|复活_新闻资讯
>猛犸象 网络图片
日本科学家在做猛犸象复活研究；哈佛大学团队称，猛犸象还有两年就可复活……这两天，国际上关于猛犸象将复活的消息不断传来。19日，华大基因研究院院长、首席科学家、国家基因库执行主任徐讯告诉科技日报记者，中国科学家已经恢复了猛犸象细胞的全功能，形成了胚胎细胞，只待合格代孕体，猛犸象就可从4000多年前穿越而来，惊艳回归。
复活只需“三步”
进入位于深圳大鹏新区的国家基因库，首先映入眼帘的就是体型硕大的猛犸象雕塑。而这里的科学家们也正在努力，让它某天可以再次活蹦乱跳地出现在人类面前。
怎样才能让猛犸象复活？徐讯说：“需要三步。第一步，复活猛犸象细胞；第二步，恢复细胞的全功能性，形成胚胎细胞；第三步，找到代孕母体孕育生产出猛犸象个体。”
徐讯介绍，2013年，人们在西伯利亚冰层里发现了完整的猛犸幼象，后来通过幼象的毛发，获得了猛犸象完整的细胞核。“科学家们通过把猛犸象细胞核注入到剔除了细胞核的亚洲象的细胞内，此时的细胞核已是猛犸象的基因组，表现出来的是猛犸象的特征，就此复活了猛犸象细胞。在此基础上让猛犸象细胞重现出猛犸象的胚胎细胞，现在的克隆技术和干细胞技术已实现这一目标，让细胞实现全功能性，就可以发育成完整的胚胎，最后就是繁育出猛犸象个体。”
“代孕”猛犸象难在控制排斥反应
尽管“猛犸象的复活”挣足了眼球，但徐讯表示，不同机构对于“复活”其实有着不同的理解或定义。
“如果以培育出活的胚胎细胞为准，中国科学家已经让猛犸象复活。但如果以培育成猛犸象个体为准，还有一段路要走。”徐讯说，培育成猛犸象个体的“代孕”很难，“难在控制排斥反应。新的细胞分裂发育成胚胎后，最大的难关是如何让猛犸象胚胎在代孕妈妈子宫内着床、发育直至顺利生下猛犸象。而对于移植过来的胚胎，母体势必会产生免疫排斥反应，猛犸象胚胎可能在还没有形成器官前就被消灭掉。”
因为即使猛犸象和最“近亲”的亚洲象相比，二者基因组差异仍达到4.7%，代孕极易流产。徐讯说：“第三步将有赖于未来人造子宫，大约要5至10年时间。”
据香港《文汇报》报道，为了破解代孕排异造成的困局，哈佛大学研究团队利用复制技术改造大象皮肤细胞，将长毛象DNA混入细胞内，再将它们植入至已移除原遗传物质的亚洲象卵子，然后刺激卵子发育成胚胎，并放进人工子宫培育，而非冒险将胚胎植入濒危的亚洲象体内。
不是所有灭绝动物都可以重来
如何让已灭绝动物复活？其实许多国家都在从事这项研究，但之前报道并不多。因为，该不该让灭绝动物复活仍然存在很大争议。
支持者认为，如果能通过技术成功复活猛犸象，对于拯救濒危动物是一大突破性进展，将把生物技术向前推进一大步。而反对者认为，从生物学的角度讲，复活猛犸象并不具备特别的意义，因为它在生物进化链上的地位已经很清楚。而且人为干涉生物界的自然淘汰，违背了自然规律。
复活猛犸象，华大基因并非独自在作战，按照科研保密协议，徐讯不能透露合作者，但他的态度明确：掌握复活技术对保护生物多样性有重要意义，国家基因库已经存储了多种生物资源样本超千万份，是全球第一个为生物多样性研究和保护提供资源的平台。同时，他也强调，批量复活灭绝动物是不可取的。
有多少灭绝动物可以重来？恐龙和其它灭绝动物是否也能复活？
“猛犸象可以复活是偶然，因为几千年前它刚巧被西伯利亚寒冷的环境保存下了完整的基因核。”徐讯告诉科技日报记者，“其实猛犸象灭绝的时间离我们很近，因为4000年对于地球来说是很短的一段时间。而据我们更久远的恐龙如今只有化石，即使人们捡到了它的蛋，那里也没有活的细胞基因。”
（科技日报深圳2月19日电）
>责任编辑：刘德宾 SN222
文章关键词： 猛犸象 复活
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