China Inland nuclear power plants still no timetable for cooling ice problems should not be underestimated

Wang Yiren information chart

Defense Science and Industry Council Deputy Director Wang Yiren, Deputy Director, National Atomic Energy Agency recently said that China Inland nuclear power plant is expected to be "Thirteen-Five" starts, but he also revealed that the Inland nuclear power stations, there is no clear timetable.

In fact, a few years ago, the Chinese inland nuclear power plants has been carried out the preparatory work, but still froze. So far, including the national development and Reform Commission of China's nuclear power policy manager fails to make clear its stance.

Meanwhile, the Academician Li Jiangang told reporters of the China Science News, in fact, already have the building technical capacity of inland nuclear power stations in China.

So, are the reasons why China Inland nuclear power plant starts are always up in the air?

　　Factors to consider carefully

As we all know, running about 100 commercial reactors in the United States, and most of them are in the Interior, also has more than half the nuclear power plants in the Interior of France. China Inland nuclear power stations so far unable to break the ice, Jiang Wei a Professor of China University of science and technology of nuclear science and technology introduced on the nuclear issue, the State is required by the "effective elimination". "But everything there is no absolute zero probability. ”

In addition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of nuclear science and engineering, Hooper said, Fukushima, Japan has a great influence on China's nuclear power. "Japan is an earthquake zone, so much nuclear power generating units should not be installed, and because the technology is two generations old technology, so more greatly influenced by external. "He admitted that last earthquake and tsunami in Japan overlay, alarm for our design. "We have to guarantee in siting. ”

"Fukushima showed that no matter how many security barriers, nuclear power plants are likely to be destroyed, but was destroyed in an unknown manner. "China Science and Technology University, Associate Professor, Institute of nuclear science and technology, said Guo 赟.

According to reports, China plans to building nuclear power plants for the third generation of nuclear power stations in the Interior, using the principle of passive safety, and set up a severe accident mitigation measures.

"Whether it is the first of several nuclear power plants, like the Jetta, Audi, Bentley, an accident only probability, more critical is the driver. "Guo 赟 believes that our attention to nuclear safety, front-line workers and technicians to better reflect on the quality and responsibility.

"In addition, China also in the population, density, geological and climatic conditions, and so on, with the world's other build inland nuclear power States for comprehensive comparison and comprehensive assessment. "Li Jiangang told reporters.

Hooper believes that ultimately depends on policy. "Interior provinces due to lack of resources, to solve the electricity problem, want to build nuclear power plants. But nuclear power plants long construction period and investment giant, waste too much. ”

　　Cooling problems should not be underestimated

In addition to the above factors, Wang Yiren said inland nuclear power plants building some of inland areas to consider special circumstances, such as extreme droughts and extreme precipitation.

　　It is understood that the inland sites such as nuclear power plants do not solve the water problem, the potential risk.

"Inland and coastal nuclear power plant's cooling in different ways. Because there is not enough water in the Interior, so it mainly depends on the form of cooling tower cooling, nuclear power plant reactor cores are fully cooled, to avoid serious operating problems. "China Science and Technology University College of nuclear science and Technology Associate Professor Chen pointed out that in addition to cooling problems, inland coastal nuclear power plants nuclear power plants there is no essential difference.

Hooper said the inland and coastal nuclear power plant on the components are basically the same, the only difference is the coastal nuclear power plant is to use sea water for cooling, inland nuclear power plant is using dozens of meters high tower of wind energy for cooling. "Wind energy Tower is a combination of wind and water, former Tower air or water. This method is used in many inland nuclear power stations in the United States, inland waters under inadequate conditions may also be heat cooling through the atmosphere. ”

Of course, the reactor core melted due to human factors result in reduced cooling the nuclear accident at three mile island, also sounded the alarm for us. Jiang Wei, said in this regard Chinese nuclear technology is "unattended", if an accident, the core automated maintenance for more than three days, follow-up measures to follow.

　　Security measures should not paralyze

"After 2011, cgnpc in nuclear and improved its own security technology is currently used in the latest generation of security technology. "But Hooper also warned that nuclear-nuclear leaks in General, how much gas will run out. "In the past, our nuclear security incident handling mainly withdrawal within how many miles of people, is mainly the atmosphere of nuclear hazards, not much we can do to the atmosphere. ”

Although China has accumulated quite a lot of years of experience, but Jiang Wei believes that China needs in the domestic nuclear emergency response mechanisms and set up their own emergency response team so that timely and appropriate treatment when radiation leaks, and reduce impact on the environment.

Chen also warned that inland nuclear power plant as long as nuclear leakage, must surely be harmful to regional security. Nuclear power plant emergency has a certain range, some are regional in scope, dealing with different areas of emergency coordination.

"The nuclear power plant is a nuclear leak, also has a great relationship with the level of operation of nuclear power plants. Third-generation nuclear power plant on the principle of ensuring the safety of nuclear power. "Chen said even if we strictly in accordance with the nuclear power construction standards and specifications to construct nuclear power plants, to make nuclear power the operation qualified personnel to operate the nuclear power, omissions do not appear.

Jiang Wei pointed out that China should establish and improve the monitoring of nuclear safety network, encourage innovation, the use of advanced monitoring techniques, and establish a sound and effective regulatory system. In addition, to the openness and transparency of information, to publish the latest information in a timely manner, and the general public science.

"Once data are available, with actual data with the international environmental standards, can be found in nuclear power plant is not terrible. "Rather, Jiang Wei believes that if there is no real data, not convincing to the public, are more likely to cause people's resistance.

In addition, Guo 赟 appeal might have for residents near the plant cast a special insurance.

(Editors: Zhong Qinghui UN660)
2017-02-22 15:56:18
Surging news

中国内陆核电站破冰仍无时间表 冷却水问题不容小觑

王毅韧 资料图

　　国防科工局副局长、国家原子能机构副主任王毅韧日前表示，中国内陆核电站有望于“十三五”开工，但他也透露，内陆核电站建设尚无明确时间表。

　　事实上，几年前中国内陆就已经开展了核电站的前期准备工作，但至今仍被冰封。目前为止，包括中国国家发展改革委员会在内的核电政策主管单位未予以明确表态。

　　与此同时，中国科学院院士李建刚告诉《中国科学报》记者，其实中国早已具备建设内陆核电站的技术能力。

　　那么，是何原因导致中国内陆核电站的开工始终悬而未决？

　　多因素须考虑慎重

　　众所周知，美国约有100座商用核反应堆在运行，且一大部分是在内陆，法国也有一多半核电站在内陆。谈及中国内陆核电站建设迄今无法破冰，中国科学技术大学核科学技术学院教授蒋蔚介绍，在核泄漏问题上，国家要求的是“实际消除”。“但任何事情都没有绝对零概率。”

　　此外，上海交通大学核科学与工程学院胡珀表示，日本福岛核事故对中国核电的影响很大。“日本本身是地震带，本就不应安装如此多的核电机组，且由于技术是前两代的老式技术，所以受外部影响更大。”他坦言，日本上次地震和海啸叠加，为我们的电站设计敲响了警钟。“我们必须在选址上就做到万无一失。”

　　“福岛核事故充分说明，不管多少道安全屏障，核电站都有可能被摧毁，而且是以未知的方式被摧毁。”中国科学技术大学核科学技术学院副教授郭赟如是说。

　　据介绍，中国计划在内陆建设的核电站为第三代核电站，采用的是非能动安全原理，且设置了严重事故缓解措施。

　　“无论是第几代核电站，就像捷达、奥迪、宾利，都会出事故，只是概率不同，更关键的是司机。”郭赟认为，我们对核安全的重视，更要体现在一线工人和技术人员的素质和责任心上。

　　“此外，中国还要在人口、密度、地质和气候条件等方面，与世界上其他建设有内陆核电的国家进行综合对比、全面评估。”李建刚告诉记者。

　　胡珀认为，最终还要看政策导向。“内陆省份由于资源贫乏，为解决用电问题，很想建核电站。但核电站建设周期漫长且前期投资巨大，浪费太多。”

　　冷却问题不容小觑

　　除上述因素外，王毅韧还表示，内陆核电站建设要考虑内陆地区的一些特殊情况，比如极端干旱、极端降雨等。

　　据了解，内陆核电站选址如不解决水问题，潜在风险极大。

　　“内陆和沿海核电站的冷却方式有所不同。在内陆地区因为没有足够多的冷却水，所以主要依靠冷却塔的形式进行冷却，核电厂堆芯要得到充分冷却，才不会出现严重运行问题。”中国科学技术大学核科学技术学院副教授陈志指出，除了冷却问题，内陆核电站跟沿海核电站并没有本质区别。

　　胡珀表示，内陆与沿海核电站在大构件上基本相同，唯一不同的是沿海核电站是使用海水进行冷却，内陆核电站则是采用几十米高的风能塔进行冷却。“风能塔是风与水并用，既往塔里进风，也进水。美国有很多内陆核电站都采用此方法，内陆水不充分的情况下也可通过大气换热进行冷却。”

　　当然，因人为因素导致冷却水减少而堆芯熔化的三里岛核事故，也为我们敲响了警钟。蒋蔚表示，在这方面中国核技术目前正在向“无人干预”发展，只要出事故，堆芯自动维护三天以上，后续措施继续跟进。

　　安全举措切忌麻痹

　　“2011年后，中广核和中核都改进了自己的安全技术，目前采用的都是最新一代安全技术。”但胡珀也警示，一般核电站发生核泄漏时，多少都会有气体跑出。“过去，我们对核安全事故的处理主要是撤离多少公里以内的人，核泄漏危害的主要是大气，对大气我们能做的不多。”

　　虽然目前中国已积攒了相当多堆年的经验，但蒋蔚认为，中国急需在国内建立起自己的核应急机制和应急队伍，以便在发生核泄漏时能及时适当地进行处理，减小对环境的影响。

　　陈志也提醒，内陆核电站只要发生核泄漏，肯定会危害地区安全。但核电站应急有一定的范围，有的范围是跨地区的，要处理好不同地区间应急的协调性。

　　“核电站是否发生核泄漏，跟核电站运行水平也有很大关系。第三代核电站从原理上确保了核电的安全性。”陈志表示，即便这样我们还要严格按照核电建造标准和规范来建设核电站，要让具有合格核电操作资质的人员来操作核电，切勿出现疏漏。

　　蒋蔚指出，中国还应建立起完善的核安全监测网络，鼓励创新，采用先进的监测技术，建立健全有效的监管体制。另外，还要做到信息的公开化和透明化，及时将最新的信息发布，对普通民众进行相应的科普宣传。

　　“一旦有数据可查，拿实际数据与国际环境辐射标准比较，就能发现核电站并不可怕。”反之，蒋蔚认为，如果没有真实数据，对公众缺乏说服力，更容易引起民众的抵触心理。

　　此外，郭赟呼吁，或许还应为处在核电站附近的居民投上一份特殊保险。

(责任编辑：钟庆辉 UN660)
2017-02-22 15:56:18
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