Chinese trainees in Japan came to the Chinese Embassy with protection measures labour disputes | trainees | | encounters _ news
>, Xinhua reported on February 26, a few days ago, the Chinese trainees in a dog, home of parents know how distressed paper reported that some Chinese trainees in Japan under high pressure and ultra low-paid jobs for a long time, even after sexual harassment by Japanese employers, it was incredible: "How can this kind of slavery? "Someone asked:" we do no matter what? "There are Japanese students say, relatives and friends forward this article to him, asked him to" go home, don't suffer in Japan ", make him laugh, hope we tell the difference between graduate students and trainees.
> On these issues, the Xinhua News Agency reporter contacted the Chinese Embassy in Japan and people familiar with the trainees, see their answers:
> Trainees, graduate students, silly does not know?
> "Trainees" and "graduate" one letter difference, but is a completely different identity. Graduate students are students, apply for a student visa. Japanese not "graduate" term. Graduate students in the Japanese language are referred to as "College student".
> "Trainees" are Japanese Kanji words. Now a residence qualification for trainees a year, interns can apply for skills in Japan after a two-year total in Japan for three years. Interns also can apply again when the skills of interns after returning home to Japan. See "intern" called sense, labor-while-learning technology, focus on the work. Chinese in Japan will generally be trainees and interns referred to as trainees.
>, According to Ministry statistics, Chinese trainees in Japan in 2016, about 85,000 people, mainly in Tokyo, Hiroshima Prefecture, Aichi, Gifu, Mie Prefecture, Chiba Prefecture and other places.
> Twist system
> Japanese Government said foreigners skills the trainee system contribute to the economic development of developing countries, Japan make a contribution to the international community through technology transfer.
> Admittedly, early to receive trainees in Japan "learning by doing" learning technology helps developing countries, but Japan is ageing and shortage of labour, Japan's foreign trainee system gradually changed.
> According to this system, if you want to go to Japan as trainees require sending parties and receiving parties. Early is trainees sent to the host Government, Japan-owned or joint venture companies; recipient was Japan's Government or dispatch of the Japanese parent company. Trainees are often treated well, anything at all.
> But now has expanded the range of sending parties and receiving parties. Contributing parties, including the private sector, receiving parties, including Japan's farmers, fish processing enterprises and construction companies. Trainees do not contract directly with the receiver, sometimes through intermediary between China and Japan in order to contact with the receiver.
> Complex contractual relationships: trainees ← → send signed contract (Chinese intermediary) ← Japanese intermediary contract → ← → signing the contract recipients
> Dispatch called "black agency". They flicker said, went to Japan when the trainees can earn a lot of money and life is superior, the high deposit and fees to get the trainees.
> Number of Japanese recipients are of a simple nature, interest margins and lack of staff. To receive trainees they pay high fees and accommodation costs and other costs, want to maximize profits to trainees as cheap labor, forced them to work hard. Trainees are low-end workers in these industries, doing simple repetitive tasks for a long time, learn what technology.
> Source familiar with the matter said, Japanese simple labor intensity and duration of labor in China is unimaginable. While some Japanese style of work, is hard to bear for people from other countries.
> As shown in this video, several Chinese trainees to be activist, sued to win in Japan.
> Contradictory state of mind
> Foreigners of Japanese skills the trainee system "trickery", contradictory state of mind closely with the Japanese Government.
> As Japan ages, Japan's serious shortage of labour, dirty short with low pay. But the Japanese Government is reluctant to let a simple influx of labour force from abroad, and not open to the labour market.
> In this case, the foreigner skills the trainee system is the channel of Japan's imported labour in disguised form. Trainees visa qualifications, the Government of Japan in this way preventing the influx of low-end labor in Japan.
> Cleverly exploits
> Chinese in Japan Mr Jiang pointed out that familiar with the trainees, trainees by the Ministry of health, the Government of Japan an annuity which accounted for a lot cheaper.
> He said trainees in accordance with Japanese law required welfare annuity (similar to the old-age insurance) costs, but within a few years would have to leave Japan, no access to the treatment of annuities, were basically white. Trainees if not through the normal legal channels to get back to their pension costs, while Japanese groups to recruit trainees, this sum of money will be free to contribute to the endowment insurance system in Japan now?
> Familiar Chinese Lu Pengren trainees in Japan said, but according to Japanese law, trainees at the time of departure from Japan back to health within its five-year annuity, but many people do not know about this provision, did not take back the money and left.
> If trainees tax directly to Japan, will receive free take back of such pension costs. But some trainees can't speak Japanese, and restriction of personal freedom by Japanese employers, how to tax the Exchange with the staff? Trainees if the principal administrative Scrivener agent refund, 20% to return money for administrative Scrivener as reward.
> Japan does not interview
> Trainees treatment and how to safeguard the rights of trainees, contacted the Japanese side international research cooperation agency responsible for trainees. October 25, 2016, the alien practice of this institution of appropriate practice and skills the intern Protection Act passed by the Parliament, will be implemented within a year, the Agency will no longer charge the trainees work for, did not accept a reporter's request for an interview.
> I Japan Consulate initiatives
> Chinese Embassy consular section then the multidimensional introduced from Japan embassies and consulates on skill internship (trainees) protective measures.
> Consulates daily attaches great importance to the skills I intern with a precautionary neck work. Is a Japanese sector representations, strongly maintain my skill internship interests. Daily life with the Japanese Ministry of health, labor and keep in touch, the Ministry and other Central Government departments, reflect problems push Japan to modify and improve on the skills the intern in the law and policy. China repeatedly demanded that Japan and the Japanese Consul General consultations focus on skill internship interests.
> Second, visits regularly to practice units, visit skills of interns for their lectures on lead release collar manual and consular reminded, and investigate the living and working situation on the ground, understand the problems and the difficulties encountered.
> Three consulates and receiving skills intern of Japanese local governments and cooperative associations (organizations) contact, supervise and coordinate intern difficulties and problems.
> Interns lead-related cases, consulates to increase Japanese negotiation and coordination with the national dispatch 2016 led and assisted hundreds of cases.
> Interns encountered labour disputes:
> Consular contact receiving Department and domestic sent units to solve;
> Interns work injury case, Japanese negotiations in a timely manner, and victims ' relatives in China and sending units, assisted relative quick passport and visa in the future, introducing friendly lawyers provide legal support for their claims;
> Intern arrested for illegal activities were arrested by Japanese police, according to own request to consular visits, reference to provide a list of lawyers, to understand the case and urged police to protect my intern's safety and health and other legitimate rights and interests and humanitarian treatment.
> Target existing problems I consulates in Japan will continue to increase my skills of interns ' rights, strengthen ties with relevant departments in Japan, urged the Japanese side to protect my intern ...
> Fewer trainees to low-tech industries
> Consular section of the Chinese Embassy in Japan suggested that further study of Japanese skills the trainee system effects on economic development. In China's current economic development situation, gradually reduced to low-tech industries overseas to send interns, adjusting for sending interns to high precision technology and industry.
> Consular Department also recommended that the authority concerned in the Mainland to strengthen the skills of interns assigned units of training and information management, further improve the level of language skills of interns, mental health, human rights defenders, knowledge, and life skills training, testing, and acceptance.
> Editor: Li Peng
Article keywords:Labour disputes trainees encounter
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中国研修生在日本遭遇盘剥 中国使馆提供保护措施|劳资纠纷|研修生|遭遇_新闻资讯
> 新华社2月26日报道，日前，《中国研修生在日境况牛马不如，家里父母知道了该有多心疼》文中报道一些中国研修生在日承受高压、超长时间低薪工作乃至被日本雇主性骚扰后，有人难以置信：“日本怎有这种奴隶制？”有人问：“我们难道不管么？”还有在日留学生说，亲友向他转发此文，要他“赶紧回家，别在日本遭罪了”，令他哭笑不得，希望我们说清研究生和研修生的区别。
> 就这些问题，新华社记者联系了中国驻日大使馆和熟悉研修生事务人士，请看他们的解答：
>
研修生、研究生，傻傻分不清楚？> “研修生”与“研究生”一字之差，却是完全不同的身份。研究生是留学人员，申请留学签证。日语没有“研究生”一词。研究生在日语中称为“大学院生”。
> “研修生”则是日语汉字词。现在研修生有一年在留资格，之后可以申请技能实习生在日本两年，一共可以在日本三年。技能实习生回国后还可以再次申请当技能实习生赴日。看“技能实习生”的称呼就好理解了，边学习技术边劳动，重点在干活。在日华人一般将研修生和技能实习生统称为研修生。
> 据日本法务省统计，2016年在日本的中国研修生约有8.5万人，主要分布在东京都、广岛县、爱知县、岐阜县、三重县、千叶县等地。
>
扭曲的制度> 日本政府说，外国人技能实习生制度有助于发展中国家经济发展，是日本通过技术转移为国际社会作贡献。
> 不可否认，日本早期接收研修生“干中学”有助于发展中国家学习技术，但随着日本日益老龄化而缺乏劳动力，日本的外国人技能实习生制度逐步变味。
> 根据这一制度，要想去日本当研修生，需要有派遣方和接收方。早期的派遣方是研修生所在国政府、日本独资或合资公司；接收方是日本政府或派遣方的日本母公司。研修生通常待遇较好，学有所得。
> 但现在的派遣方和接收方范围均已扩大。派遣方包括私营企业，接收方包括日本农户、水产加工企业和建筑公司等。研修生并不能直接与接收方签合同，有时要通过中国和日本两国中介才能与接收方联系上。
> 复杂的合同关系：研修生←签合同→派遣方（中方中介）←签合同→日方中介←签合同→接收方
> 一些派遣方堪称“黑中介”。他们忽悠说，去日本当研修生可以挣大钱且生活优越，以获得研修生的高额押金和手续费。
> 一些日本接收方属于简单劳动性质行业，利益微薄且急缺人手。他们为接收研修生交了高额手续费和住宿费等费用，希望最大限度盈利，就把研修生当成廉价劳动力，逼他们拼命工作。研修生在这些行业是低端劳动者，长期干简单重复的工作，根本学不到什么技术。
> 熟悉内情者说，日本简单劳动行业的劳动强度和劳动时长在中国是难以想象的。而一些日本人的工作作风，对于其他国家的人来说是很难忍受的。
> 如本文视频所示，一些中国研修生勇于维权，在日本起诉获胜。
>
矛盾的心态> 日本的外国人技能实习生制度如此“挂羊头卖狗肉”，跟日本政府矛盾的心态密切相关。
> 随着日本老龄化加剧，日本劳动力严重不足，低薪的脏活累活缺人干。但日本政府不愿意让简单劳动人口从国外涌入，并没有开放劳动力市场。
> 在这种情况下，外国人技能实习生制度就成了日本变相引进劳动力的渠道。研修生签证是有年限规定的，日本政府用这种方法防止低端劳动力涌入日本。
>
巧妙的盘剥> 熟悉研修生情况的在日华人姜先生指出，日本政府从研修生所交厚生年金这块占了不少便宜。
> 他说，研修生依日本法律须交厚生年金（类似养老保险）费用，但不到几年就得离开日本，根本享受不到年金待遇，基本算是白交了。研修生如果不能通过正常法律途径要回自己交的年金费用，而日本一批批地招研修生，这笔钱不就白白给日本养老保险体系作贡献了吗？
> 熟悉研修生事务的在日华人鲁蓬人说，其实，按日本法律，研修生在离开日本时可以拿回其五年内所交厚生年金，但很多人不知道这一规定，没拿回钱就走了。
> 如果研修生直接到日本税务所，是可以得到免费服务拿回这笔年金费用的。但一些研修生连日语都不会说，又被日本雇主限制人身自由，怎么去税务所与工作人员交流？而研修生如果委托行政书士代理退款的话，退回的钱中20%要给行政书士当酬劳。
>
日方不接受采访> 就研修生的待遇和如何保障研修生权利，记者联系了日方主管研修生事务的国际研修协力机构。这一机构以2016年10月25日《外国人技能实习的适当实习及技能实习生保护法》获得日本国会通过，将在一年之内实施，该机构届时将不再主管研修生工作为由，没有接受记者的采访要求。
>
我驻日使领馆举措> 中国驻日大使馆领事部则从多层面介绍了我驻日使领馆对技能实习生（研修生）的保护措施。
> 使领馆日常高度重视对我技能实习生的预防性领保工作。一是向日方相关部门交涉，坚决维护我技能实习生正当权益。日常生活中与日本外务省、厚生劳动省、法务省等中央政府管理部门保持联系，反映问题，推动日方修改和完善关于技能实习生法律及相关政策。在中国和日本领事磋商中多次要求日方重视我技能实习生的合法权益。
> 二是定期到各实习单位走访，探望我技能实习生，为他们做领保知识讲座，发放领保手册和领事提醒，并实地考察其生活工作情况，了解其存在的问题和遇到的困难。
> 三是使领馆与接收技能实习生的日本地方政府及协同组合（相关组织）联系，督促和协调解决技能实习生遇到的困难和问题。
> 面对涉技能实习生领保案件，使领馆加大向日方交涉及与国内派遣单位协调力度，2016年处理领保及协助案件近百起。
>
遇到技能实习生劳资纠纷问题：> 使领馆联系协调日方接收部门及国内派出单位及时解决；
> 处理技能实习生工作中伤亡案件，及时向日方交涉，并联系受害人国内亲属和派出单位，协助亲属快速办理护照及来日签证，介绍友好律师为其索赔提供法律支持；
> 技能实习生涉嫌违法行为被日警方逮捕时，根据本人要求对其进行领事探视，为其提供律师名单参考，向警方了解案情并督促警方保障我技能实习生的安全和健康等合法权益和人道主义待遇。
> 针对现有问题，我驻日使领馆会继续加大助我技能实习生维权力度，加强与日本相关部门联系，敦促日方切实维护我技能实习生合法权益。
>
少向技术含量低的行业派研修生> 中国驻日大使馆领事部建议，进一步研究日本技能实习生制度对我经济发展的作用。在当前中国经济大发展情况下，逐步减少向海外技术含量低的行业派技能实习生，调整为向高精技术领域及行业派遣技能实习生。
> 领事部还建议国内有关部门加强对技能实习生外派单位的培训和宣传管理，进一步做好对技能实习生的语言水平、心理状况、维权知识以及生活技能的培训、测试和验收工作。
>责任编辑：李鹏
文章关键词： 劳资纠纷 研修生 遭遇
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