Expenditures in rural China-poverty: income of 10,000 yuan borrowed 280,000 wife married | | | rural poverty _ news
A poverty-stricken region of poor household income of only 10,000 yuan, but the bride price is very expensive, in order to marry the 280,000 yuan of debt some rural "favor is not a debt, top pot to sell" favors became major expenditures in many families, while expensive, buying a House and expensive education burden issues are more common ... ...
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The economic information newspaper recently in some rural areas in the Midwest found that with the quickening pace of urbanization, marketization of peasants in rural areas, education, housing, medical, funeral and other consumer costs and favors increased signs of agricultural modernization process has exposed some of the burden of institutional trading.
These problems lead to some nearby towns of struggling, some rural "secondary" hollowing out phenomenon; some farmers do not receive arrival form poverty spending, while new economic development the new formats there are certain obstacles.
Consumer new burdens
Reporter recently, in Hubei, Jiangxi, Gansu and other rural research found that since the reform of rural taxes and administrative charges, sharp decline in the tax burden on farmers, strengthen agriculture and benefit farmers policy to benefit millions of farmers. However, with the increase of consumer demand in rural areas, farmers in the surge in spending, education and other aspects of daily life, marrying the bride price at a high level, the debt burden, burden on peasants ' consumption of new problems.
Part of the marriage dowry of one hundred thousand or two hundred thousand Yuan in rural areas, farmers had to borrow up the bride price. Zhengning County in qingyang, Gansu province in West slope of the xipozhen village, poor youngest son Liu Xue Baochai got married last year, bride spent 200,000 yuan. This level of bride price has exceeded the provincial capital Lanzhou. Liu Xue Baochai family's annual income of about 10,000 yuan, and marriage expenses, currently owing a debt of 280,000 yuan. "The bride price is so high that oldest son married, I have to continue to borrow, sad people. "Liu Xue Baochai said.
Many rural weddings and dacaodaban, became the family's main spending favors. "Human is not a debt, top pot to sell. "TOU village He Yijun, Jianli County, Hubei Province, he said, neighbors in the village over two hundred or three hundred Yuan, a distant relative of at least 500 Yuan, close to thousands of Yuan, more than 35,000, tens of thousands of Yuan, even the poor, favors at least tens of thousands of Yuan a year.
While the funerals in the village dacaodaban very quickly, died at home spend at least fifty thousand or sixty thousand; died years ago He Yi are cousins, a funeral down spent more than 180,000 yuan, received gifts of more than 200,000 yuan.
Made some heavy social burden on less well-off families to poverty-returning. Ningxian village in Deng's home village of qingyang, Gansu province poor Deng Shuanke had two sons. 25 years old the youngest son in a school computer technology in XI ' an, expenses 15,000 yuan a year; for the eldest son married, Zhang spent 150,000 yuan a dowry of money and still owe 20,000 yuan debt, unable to get out of poverty.
Because of uneven urban and rural education resources, many farmers home covered with buildings, but for his children's education but had to "nest" in a study room in the city or town house, which constitutes a new family.
Gao Guinv 45 years old this year is Shuang, Poyang people, husbands working outside, earning only thirty thousand or forty thousand Yuan each, they accompany second daughter in Poyang County raozhou middle school first year student. "Living here is not used, as well as overhead, and unable to work. But we all looked to read with their parents, worried that they will not affect the child playing the college entrance examination. "Sitting in my study room piled high with life, Gao Guinv said overhead income only enough to read with their parents at home, also has a son going to high school, and then to recite with a heavier burden.
Some hope for children in big cities for better education resources of rural parents school choice, in some rural areas has gradually emerged, "school choice". Shaping Jian Village, chongyang, Hubei Province, Liu Xiongbiao family rental housing in the County of a broken House, worried about rural school teaching quality is not high, they send their two children to school in the County, the couple only fifty thousand or sixty thousand of revenue a year, child education spending will take off half.
Some peasant families offer children a better choice of educational resources in the city to buy a House.
47 Ma Zhenhua is Xia BU Zhen Hu Shan Cun village, Xiangdong district in Pingxiang, Jiangxi province, mainly in the villages and install cable TV income year earns about sixty thousand or seventy thousand Yuan. Ma Zhenhua building, building in the village, last July, he bought near the Pingxiang middle school a set of more than 100 square meters of houses, about 500,000 yuan, and saved in previous years ' income to buy a House. He said rural people cooked cooked, if home is something neighbor also has a reference, into town to buy the House is considering for the next generation, "If the House in a good school, much smaller families."
Medical expenses are important components of household expenditure in rural areas, some farmers lamented "can't afford it". Wannian County, Jiangxi province, Yang Fang village Xu Baofa more than 60 years old this year, his wife died early, both father and son to each other. Think body strong, Xu Baofa migrated to engage in hard physical labor, have basically no medical examination, suffering from heart disease but didn't know it.
Xu Baofa said: "not checked out fine, if you check what, come home or not have the money. "In February of this year, work out his stroke, took twenty thousand or thirty thousand Yuan to initial treatment. Household incomes to make ends meet, further treatment takes more than 100,000 yuan, had to be temporarily shelved.
Reporters learned that "would rather not know, do not want a medical examination" mentality in the peasant family is common, poverty caused by diseases are also important reasons many farmers in poverty.
Furthermore, the peasant and urbanization trends appear gradually, everyday household expenditure rose. Jianli County 55 years old two groups of villagers Wu Deng Zui Zhen da Li Cun XI has a habit of accounting, his family living expenses has been growing fast in recent years, more than 20,000 yuan, spent more than 10,000 yuan in holiday purchases this year.
Wu Dengxi said: "farmers used to be self-sufficient and daily expenses are small, now little pig growing vegetables and old in a drink, a lot of people leading a rape by buying, which make big expenditures. ”
There "two hollow"
These new burdens faced by farmers in the Midwest, is bound to make some people in town, and return to, influence the process of urbanization, rural new economy new retail development, will make life difficult for farmers hard, forming poverty spending.
Central Committee, guided for a time, by about 100 million people in the Central and Western regions and towns nearby. But research found that many farmers at home or building has been put up, or buying properties in the township or the County bought the House, but due to the rising cost of living, local job opportunities, they are afraid to return home, unable to go to town.
Spacious new homes in the County with the two children after the Spring Festival, chongyang, Hubei's "$literal" migrant worker Wang Qing the couple returned to the plant in Shanghai, they want living in town, because of the low wages had to be abandoned.
Wang Qing said: "children, family house is repaired and would like to come back to work, but home wage per month is lower than that of Shanghai two thousand or three thousand Yuan, their burdened with heavy mortgages, children read only on the outside for another two years. ”
Hubei Jianli Yuan Changbo, Deputy Director of the rural economy Management Authority said, because of the heavy burden of rural society, many farmers have migrated to work, afraid to return to reunion; take at least 10,000 yuan a year, and some people went back to six or seven years, in order to evade these favors.
Poyang County in Jiangxi province, the West Village, reporters saw many villagers built two or three-story buildings, but because more migrant workers, housing vacancy rates of up to 50%, showing "secondary hollow" trend, formed a waste of resources. "Before you go out to work in order to build a House, now houses, still keep one at home. "This year's West Village Jiang Mingli, Poyang, 66, said.
A heavier burden of institutional trading, agricultural efficiency and rural development the new formats. In one county in the Midwest a "$literal" youth returning from Beijing rural electric business two years ago, the main black sesame products. He said that black sesame seeds into a large market for product certification is the first step, to run their own certification for half a year, however, may not be able to run down, and intermediary million dollars, breezed to run down in a week.
In addition, with large-scale, modern popular financing your financing problems. Fuwa sanfeng rice cooperatives, Jianli County circulation of more than 2,400 acres, and more than 10,000 acres of land in escrow. Said Zhou Zhentao, Director of cooperatives, banks loans, he had to find private lending, interest paid more than 100,000 Yuan last year, accounting for 40% of the profits. "The cooperative to a shortage of funds, interest costs became a heavy burden. ”
Bank loan "xianpinaifu" this old has become new business development in agriculture "Tiger".
The villagers in a county of Central xiaominqi is 32 years old this year, difficult home conditions. After ten years working outside, xiaominqi decided to return home business, rural electric business, selling rice in the village as well as some local products. Meanwhile, he also went to the experience of zhijin County, Guizhou, home grown mushroom Dictyophora rubrovalvata.
But because of the market judged failures, poor sales of mushroom Dictyophora rubrovalvata, xiaominqi loss of more than 10,000 Yuan last year. Entrepreneurship is not suitable and not married, xiaominqi parents are looking worried. After a few years, he carried the burden, with relatives went to Yunnan to learn skills.
Xiaominqi said that some of the village to grow organic rice and Kiwi farmers will have the opportunity to get government subsidies, but he planted bamboo not get, a little hard to understand. "Their size has dozens of acres, is larger than I am, but we need for capital is not the same. "Xiaominqi said, wanted to go to the Bank loans through" business first pass ", but the reply was" too small, and no mortgage, can't get credit. "
Author 丨 Wang Xian, Yu Xianhong, Liang June
Source: economic information
> Editor: Zhang di
Article keywords:Rural poor get married
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中国农村出现支出型贫困:年收入1万元 借债28万娶媳妇|农村|贫困|结婚_新闻资讯
一位特困地区的贫困户年收入只有1万元，但当地的彩礼却十分昂贵，为了娶媳妇举债28万元；有的农村“人情不是债，头顶锅来卖”，赶人情成为不少家庭的主要支出；而看病贵、买房贵、教育负担重等问题更加普遍……
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《经济参考报》记者近期在中西部部分农村调研发现，随着农村城镇化、农民市民化步伐加快，教育、住房、医疗、婚丧嫁娶等消费性负担及人情负担有加重迹象，农业现代化过程也暴露出一些制度性交易负担。
这些问题导致一些地方就近城镇化步履维艰，部分农村出现“二次”空心化现象；一些农民收不抵支形成支出型贫困；同时，新经济新业态发展存在一定障碍。
消费性新负担加重
记者近期在湖北、江西、甘肃等地农村调研发现，农村税费改革以来，农民税费负担锐减，各种强农惠农政策惠及亿万农民。然而，随着农村消费需求的提升，农民在日常生活、教育等方面开支猛增，婚嫁彩礼高企、人情负担沉重，农民消费性的新型负担问题凸显。
部分农村结婚彩礼动辄一二十万元，一些农民不得不举债凑彩礼。在甘肃省庆阳市正宁县西坡镇西坡村，贫困户刘雪钗小儿子去年结婚，彩礼花费20万元。这笔彩礼已经超过省城兰州水平。刘雪钗家庭年收入约1万元，加上结婚等开销，目前欠下外债28万元。“彩礼这么高，等大儿子结婚，我还得继续借，把人愁的。”刘雪钗说。
不少农村婚丧嫁娶大操大办，赶人情成为一些家庭的主要支出。“人情不是债，头顶锅来卖。”湖北省监利县棋盘乡码头村村民何宜均说，村里邻居之间随礼要两三百元，远亲至少500元，近亲则要上千元，多的三五千、上万元，即便是贫困户，赶人情一年至少也要上万元。
而村里红白喜事大操大办的风气很盛，家里死个人至少要花五六万元；年前何宜均堂哥去世，一场丧事办下来花了18万多元，收的礼金则超过20万元。
沉重的社会负担使得一些原本就不富裕的家庭致贫返贫。甘肃省庆阳市宁县中村镇邓家村贫困户邓拴科有两个儿子。25岁的小儿子在西安的一家电脑学校学技术，每年要开支1.5万元；为给大儿子娶媳妇，老张家总共花掉15万元彩礼钱，至今仍欠下2万元外债，迟迟无法脱贫。
由于城乡教育资源不均衡，不少农民家里盖着楼房，但为了孩子教育却不得不“蜗居”在城里的一间间陪读房内，或进城买房，无形中构成了新的家庭负担。
今年45岁的高桂女是鄱阳县双港镇人，丈夫在外打工，每年收入只有三四万元，自己陪二女儿在鄱阳县饶州中学读高一。“在这里住很不习惯，既要开销，又不能工作。但看着大家都来陪读，担心自己不来会影响孩子高考发挥。”坐在堆满生活物品的陪读房里，高桂女坦言，家里收入基本只够陪读开销，还有一个儿子马上要读高中，再来陪读负担更重。
一些希望为子女在大城市获得更好教育资源的农村家长开始择校，部分农村逐渐兴起“择校热”。湖北省崇阳县沙坪镇东关村村民刘雄标一家租住在县城的一套破房子里，担心农村小学教学质量不高，他们把两个孩子都送到县城读书，夫妻俩一年只有五六万元的收入，小孩教育支出就要花掉一大半。
还有的农民家庭为让孩子享受到更好教育资源选择在城市买房。
47岁的马振华是江西萍乡湘东区下埠镇虎山村村民，平时主要在村镇安装有线电视赚取收入，一年到头能挣六七万元。马振华在村里有栋自建房，去年7月，他在萍乡中学附近买了一套100多平米的房子，售价约50万元，前些年攒下的收入都拿来买房了。他说，在农村大家彼此熟门熟户，万一家里有点事邻居也有个照应，进城买房主要是为下一代考虑，“如果家门口就有好学校，家庭负担肯定小很多”。
医疗开支是农村家庭开支的重要部分，一些农民感叹“病不起”。江西省万年县杨芳村村民许保发今年60多岁，妻子早年去世，父子俩相依为命。自认为身体壮实，许保发常年在外从事重体力劳动，基本没有体检过，身患心脏病却不知情。
许保发说：“没检出来还好，万一检查出来怎么办，家里还是拿不出钱来呀。”今年2月，外出打工的他不幸中风，初步治疗花去两三万元。由于家庭收入捉襟见肘，进一步治疗需要花十余万元，不得不暂时搁置。
记者采访了解到，“宁可不知道、也不想体检”的心态在农民家庭里较为普遍，因病致贫也是很多农民贫困的重要原因。
此外，当前农民市民化和农村城镇化趋势逐渐显现，家庭日常生活开支节节攀升。55岁的监利县周老嘴镇大李村二组村民吴登喜有记账的习惯，他家里生活开支增长很快，近几年都超过2万元，今年过年办年货就花了1万多元。
吴登喜说：“以前农民都是自给自足，日常开销很小，现在都不怎么养猪种菜了，还老在一块吃吃喝喝，不少人柴米油菜都靠买，这无形中就把开支搞大了。”
出现“二次空心化”现象
中西部部分农民面临的这些新负担，势必让一部分人进城难、返乡难，影响就近城镇化进程，制约农村新经济新业态的发展，还会让原本就生活困难的农民难上加难，形成支出型贫困。
中央提出，今后一个时期要引导约1亿人在中西部地区就近城镇化。但记者调研发现，不少农民或在家盖起了楼房，或在乡镇或县城买房置业，但由于生活成本渐涨、本地就业机会少，他们不敢返乡、无法进城。
刚在县城宽敞的新房陪两个孩子过完春节，湖北崇阳的“80后”农民工汪庆夫妻俩就返回了上海的工厂，他们原本想在县城找活，由于工资较低不得不放弃。
汪庆说：“孩子慢慢大了，家里房子也装修好了，很想回来工作，但家里的工资比上海每月要低两三千元，自家房贷、小孩读书负担很重，只能在外面再干两年了。”
湖北监利县农村经济经营管理局副局长袁长波说，由于农村社会负担越来越重，很多农民常年在外打工，不敢回家团聚；过个年至少要花1万元，有的人就六七年不回家过年，以规避这些人情负担。
在江西省鄱阳县西分村，记者看到，不少村民都建起了两三层的楼房，但由于外出务工人员多，房屋空置率高达50%，呈现“二次空心化”趋势，形成资源浪费。“以前大家外出打工是为了盖房子，现在房子盖好了，家里还是留不住人。”今年66岁的鄱阳县西分村村民江明礼说。
制度性交易负担较重，影响农业效益和农村新业态发展。中西部某县一“80后”创业青年两年前从北京返乡从事农村电商，主打黑芝麻系列产品。他说，黑芝麻进入大市场的第一步便是进行产品资质认证，然而自己去跑认证半年都不一定能办下来，而给中介交万把块钱，轻轻松松一个星期就能办下来。
此外，随着农业规模化、现代化逐渐普及，融资难融资贵问题突出。监利县福娃三丰水稻专业合作社流转了2400多亩、代管1万多亩田地。合作社负责人周振涛说，由于银行贷款难，他不得不找民间借贷，去年光利息就付了10多万元，占到利润的40%。“现在合作社普遍缺资金，利息成本成了很大的负担。”
银行贷款“嫌贫爱富”这一老问题逐渐成为农业新业态发展的“拦路虎”。
今年32岁的肖敏奇是中部某县村民，家里条件比较困难。在外打工十年后，肖敏奇决定返乡创业，从事农村电商，销售村里的大米以及部分土特产。同时，他还去贵州织金县取经，在家种植红托竹荪。
但由于市场研判失误，红托竹荪的销路不畅，去年一年肖敏奇亏损一万多元。创业不顺，加上未成婚，肖敏奇父母也看着着急。过完年后，他重新背起包袱，跟亲戚去云南学手艺。
肖敏奇说，村里一些种植有机水稻、猕猴桃的农户均有机会拿到政府补贴，但他种植竹荪拿不到，有点难以理解。“他们种植规模有几十亩，确实比我规模大，但我们对资金的需求也不一样。”肖敏奇说，本想去银行贷款闯过“创业的第一道关口”，但得到的回复却是“规模太小，又没抵押，贷不到”。
作者丨王贤、余贤红、梁军
来源：经济参考
>责任编辑：张迪
文章关键词： 农村 贫困 结婚
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