Germany set up a net command: 2021 will be fully ready for battle-NET, information warfare-IT information
According to German media reports, Germany's Federal defence forces established a specialized network of information warfare space operations command, thus becoming the first "independent" network warfare command of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization members. Germany's own cyberspace and NATO's military capacity-building is of great significance and impact.
Germany built flush with the armed forces of the independent information services has been a solid foundation
It is reported that the operations command of the Bundeswehr the cyber space called "network and information space command", tied with land, sea and air forces, called the specialized information services. The headquarters in Bonn, is currently made up of 260 it experts, the future will be extended to 13,500 people. Reports said the command will run 24 hours, defence of Germany information infrastructure, computer-supported weapons systems such as the target. By 2021 is expected to be "fully prepared to fight."
Until then, Germany had in the State and army both establish a more solid foundation of cyberspace security. At the national level, Germany has already set up by the Federal Chancellery, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, the Chinese Defense Ministry, Ministry of economy, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of finance, the German Industry Federation, the German industry and commerce, and representatives of the information economy, telecommunications and new media Association "Network Security Council". Council held 3 meetings a year to discuss cyberspace security problems facing Germany.
On April 1, 2011, the German Government set up a national network of centres for space defense. The Centre is run by the German Federal Office for information technology security is responsible for, including the Federal Constitutional protection agency, the federal civil protection and disaster relief administration, the Federal Bureau of criminal investigation, the Federal Police, the Federal Intelligence Service, as well as representatives of the State and Federal defense forces were involved in the work. Event of a cyber attack, which can quickly assess the situation and response recommendations to the authorities at all levels.
In the army, German Federal defence force is formed of an early start to construction in cyberspace combat forces one of the army. Among them, the most typical sector for strategic reconnaissance command and defence force information technology center. Strategic reconnaissance command by information specialists at the Bundeswehr University, specializing in the Federal Constitution mandates within the framework of the implementation of networked space combat missions; the IDF maintained most of the information technology center defence communications security, ensure normal operation of command and communication systems, which belongs to Bundeswehr Office for information.
In addition, there are responsible for forces Bundeswehr IT system information technology command, responsible for military operations to provide geographical information support the Bundeswehr geo-information centre, responsible for the Bundeswehr/IT forces network security, Security Center and network operations center responsible for computer network operations.
These professional bodies and sectors laid the Foundation of Bundeswehr cyberspace combat forces. Meanwhile, according to the plan the next step will focus on is part of the newly established network and information space command.
To cope with increasing network security threats are the main reasons German network space military forces
In Germany the dedicated network and information space command, mainly in order to adapt to the current security environment. Back in Germany, "industrial 4.0" when has recognized the growing integration with the digital world and the real world, network security challenges become more and more serious. Cybercrime and cyberespionage becoming more specialized, traditional prevention is insufficient to cope with the new situation. Most importantly, Germany about four-fifths of critical infrastructure in private hands, threats to network security more widely.
End of November 2016, Deutsche Telekom suffered a wide range of network failures. In total about 20 million fixed-network users, about 900,000 router fails, resulting in a large area network access is limited. , The German Telecom confirmed is because of a routing device interface is exposed on the Internet, resulting in targeted attacks on the Internet.
Meanwhile, think of the German military, cyber-attacks in the military sphere has become a force and an important component of intelligence operations. 2008 crisis in Georgia and Ukraine has shown in networked space combat shape.
To this end, the German Government and the military has issued a series of related documents guidance network construction in the area of space security. In June 2009, the German Ministry of the Interior issued the national strategy for critical infrastructure protection, proposed critical infrastructure protection principles, should take action, lessons learned and the associated risks. On February 23, 2011, the German Government promulgated the German network security strategy, focusing on critical information infrastructure, national security, public administration and information technology information technology security, national cyber response center 10 important issues.
The 2016 Edition of the German defence white paper represents the field of the military in cyberspace attitudes and positions. The white paper considers Germany's national prosperity and the well-being of citizens rely mainly on global information and communication systems, supply chain and other aspects of access. According to the current development status of the technology, Germany faces include theft and fraudulent use of personal data, conducting industrial espionage, destruction of critical infrastructure, and disturbance or multiple threats, paralyzed Government and military communications systems. Moreover, the implementation of the means of attack is not limited to national actors, elite terrorist organizations, criminal organizations and networks, are causing severe damage can pay less.
To do so, Germany must work to ensure the safety of ground, air and sea lines of communication, as well as space, network and information space, unhindered. One of the Bundeswehr mission is to prepare and enhance the capacity of networks and information space.
German Federal IDF will network and information space command of combat task set for: ensure Federal IDF information security and the protection IT system, to guarantee its can anytime, anywhere long-term input using; ensure Government key network/IT based facilities not by damage; established full of military intelligence environment and key network environment, and helps maintained all government sector of environment; in network space implementation computer network military action, and in complex electromagnetic environment Xia for electronic war.
German Chinese Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen, in network and information space command ceremony says: "If a cyber attack of the German military, and we are capable of self-defence. Once the attack danger of German combat forces and combat readiness, we will also take offensive measures. ”
The new headquarters will be built to enhance its impact and promote NATO's overall network capacity-building in space
As the first independent network state of space operations command, Germany and NATO itself will have some effect. Speaking to Germany's own, strengthen capacity-building in the military space will further expand German influence. In recent years, the German Federal defense forces more and more extensive participation in International Affairs, become the main support of external radiation national influence. In cyberspace, too, this is one that can reflect the influence of emerging areas. In accordance with the initiative of the German defence white paper, German in cyberspace will be based on the recommendations of the expert group of the United Nations, strengthening the United Nations for all kinds of event management capabilities of international tensions, and the pursuit of consensus reached in the application of international law, as well as the "OSCE" established among participating States on cyber-security policy of mutual trust and transparency mechanisms. Meanwhile, active in cyberspace, joint operations with other countries, and the development of cyberspace among participating countries jointly carry out stability guidelines for action. Networks and information space command establishes will undoubtedly promote the further development of international cooperation.
For NATO, German network and information space command's establishment will no doubt set off a new round of arms race in cyberspace. The first Commander of the command ludeweixi·Lai lane Hoss said many NATO allies "with great interest, tracking the matter", this initiative is expected to follow the example of Germany. In fact, NATO in recent years has been to focus on the areas of cyberspace military capacity-building, in particular with the representatives of France, Germany, which promotes the cyberspace of NATO following the US-led military powers of the pace, which fought in cyberspace has been active in the field.
德国成立网军司令部：2021年将完全做好应战准备 - 网军,信息战 - IT资讯
据德国媒体近日报道，德国联邦国防军设立了一个专门从事信息战的网络空间作战司令部，从而成为首个拥有“独立”网络战司令部的北大西洋公约组织成员。德国此举对于自身和北约的网络空间军事能力建设均具有重要的意义和影响。
德国建立与陆海空三军平齐的独立信息军种已有坚实基础
据悉，德国联邦国防军此次成立的网络空间作战司令部全称为“网络与信息空间司令部”，地位与陆海空军并列，堪称专门的信息军种。该司令部设在波恩，目前由260名信息技术专家组成，未来将扩展至1.35万人。报道称，该司令部将24小时不间断运行，捍卫包括德国信息基础设施、需计算机支持的武器系统等目标。预计到2021年将“完全做好应战准备”。
在此之前，德国已经在国家与军队两个层面建立较为扎实的网络空间安全力量基础。在国家层面，德国早已建立了由联邦总理府、中国外交部、中国国防部、经济部、司法部、财政部、德国工业联合会、德国工商大会，以及德国信息经济、电信和新媒体协会代表参加的“网络安全理事会”。理事会每年召开3次会议，共同商讨德国面临的网络空间安全问题。
2011年4月1日，德国政府建立了国家网络空间防御中心。该中心由德国联邦信息技术安全局负责，包括联邦宪法保卫局、联邦民众保护与灾害救助局、联邦刑事犯罪调查局、联邦警察、联邦情报局，以及各州代表和联邦国防军均参与其中的工作。一旦发生网络空间的攻击，该中心可迅速评估形势，并向各级部门提出应对措施建议。
在军队方面，德国联邦国防军是较早开始建设建制网络空间作战力量的军队之一。其中，最典型的部门为战略侦察指挥部和国防军信息技术中心。战略侦察指挥部由联邦国防军大学的信息专家组成，专门负责在联邦宪法规定的任务框架内执行网络空间作战任务；国防军信息技术中心则主要维护国防军通信安全，确保指挥通信系统正常运转，归属于联邦国防军信息技术局。
此外，还有负责部队IT系统的联邦国防军信息技术指挥部、负责为军事行动提供地理信息支援保障的联邦国防军地理信息中心、负责部队网络/IT安全的联邦国防军网络安全中心，以及负责计算机网络行动的网络军事行动中心。
这些专业机构与部门奠定了德国联邦国防军网络空间作战力量的基础。同时，按照计划下一步都将集中隶属于此次新成立的网络与信息空间司令部。
应对日益严峻的网络安全威胁是德国加强网络空间军事力量建设的主要原因
德国此次设置专门的网络与信息空间司令部，主要是为了适应当前的网络安全环境。早在德国提出“工业4.0”之时，就已经认识到随着数字世界和现实世界日益融合，网络安全的挑战越发严峻。网络犯罪和网络间谍越来越专业化，传统的预防方式已不足以应对新情况。更重要的是，德国大约有五分之四的关键基础设施掌握在私营企业手中，网络安全面临的威胁更加广泛。
2016年11月底，德国电信遭遇了一次大范围的网络故障。在总计约为2000万台固定网络用户中，有大约90万台路由器发生故障，并由此导致大面积网络访问受限。之后，德国电信确认了是由于路由设备界面暴露在互联网上，导致在互联网上发生了针对性攻击。
同时，德国军方认为，在军事领域的网络攻击已经成为部队和情报部门行动的重要组成部分。2008年格鲁吉亚危机和乌克兰事件中已经显露出网络空间作战的端倪。
为此，德国政府和军队先后颁布了一系列相关文件指导网络空间安全领域的建设。2009年6月，德国内政部颁布了《关键基础设施防护国家战略》，提出了关键基础设施防护的基本原理、应采取的行动、经验教训和相关风险。2011年2月23日，德国政府颁布了《德国网络安全战略》，重点关注了关键信息基础设施、国家信息技术安全、公共行政部门信息技术安全、国家网络空间响应中心等10个方面的重要问题。
2016年版的《德国国防白皮书》则代表了军方在网络空间领域的态度与立场。该白皮书认为，德国国家的繁荣和公民的福祉主要依赖于全球信息和通信系统、供应链等方面的畅通无阻。根据目前的技术发展现状，德国主要面临包括盗窃和欺诈性使用个人数据、 开展工业间谍活动、破坏关键基础设施，以及干扰或瘫痪政府和军事通信系统在内的多种威胁。而且，实施网络攻击的手段并不仅限于国家行为体，恐怖组织、犯罪组织和网络精英，均可以较小的付出造成严重的破坏。
为此，德国必须努力确保地面、空中和海上通信线路安全，以及太空、网络和信息空间不受阻碍。德国联邦国防军使命之一，就是准备和增强网络与信息空间的能力。
德国联邦国防军将网络与信息空间司令部的作战任务设定为：确保联邦国防军信息安全及保护IT系统，以保证其可随时随地长期投入使用；确保政府关键网络/IT基础设施不受破坏；建立全面的军事情报环境和关键网络环境，并有助于维持所有政府部门的环境；在网络空间实施计算机网络军事行动，以及在复杂电磁环境下进行电子战。
德国中国国防部长乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩在网络与信息空间司令部启动仪式上说：“如果德国军方遭到网络攻击，我们有能力自卫。一旦相关攻击危及德国作战力量的运行和作战准备，我们将还以进攻措施。”
新司令部的建成将增强德国自身影响力和推动北约整体网络空间能力建设
作为第一个建立独立网络空间作战司令部的国家，德国此举对自身和北约都将产生一定的影响。对德国自身来讲，加强网络空间军事能力的建设将进一步拓展德国的影响力。近年来，德国联邦国防军越来越广泛地参与国际事务，成为对外辐射国家影响力的重要依托。在网络空间也是如此，这是一个能够体现影响力的新兴领域。按照《德国国防白皮书》的倡议，德国在网络空间将基于联合国专家组的合理建议，加强联合国对于各类事件引发国际紧张局势的管理能力，并追求在国际法运用方面达成共识，以及在“欧安组织”内部建立各参与国间就网络安全政策的互信和透明机制。同时，将积极在网络空间与其他国家进行联合行动，以及开发网络空间参与国之间共同遂行稳定行动的指导原则。网络与信息空间司令部的设立无疑将推动这些国际合作的进一步发展。
对于北约来讲，德国网络与信息空间司令部的成立无疑将掀起新一轮的网络空间军备竞赛。该司令部首任指挥官路德维希·莱茵霍斯表示，不少北约盟友“正带着极大的兴趣，追踪此事”，预计会效法德国的这一举措。实际上，北约近年来一直比较注重网络空间领域军事能力的建设，特别是以法国、德国为代表，它们带动着北约紧跟以美国为首的网络空间军事强国的步伐，从而在网络空间作战领域取得了主动地位。