In advocating minimalist future, we no longer need APP-APP, applications-IT information

"There is an app can do this. 」

Since 2008, the catch phrase symbolized the era of mobile Internet. Of course, the hot applications are not unreasonable. Many programming tutorials claim to need a few weeks to learn application development skills, novice-oriented programming training camp can be seen. Many unwilling to lag behind the company is also developing its own applications, and as a result the perfect means of publicity. Application is so hot, even some neighborhood restaurants have also begun to build their own applications menu.

In 2008, the app store is online. Apple was the first application of trend setters, the company's app store so you can download and install on your mobile phone using the fine application becomes popular. In fact, centralized distribution software concept is not new, at Apple before the implementation of this model have been many handheld devices and desktop devices with a centralized distribution pattern. Apple's success is due to their perfect time factors and technical factors combined together. In 2008, the iOS system has been able to support the 3G function, in the face of the very mature system development environment, the device display is even more alarming. But most of all, iOS systems have excellent technical support. Nature has its raison d ' être for mobile apps, they are the best way to transmit new content and services, and its excellent properties ensures that users are satisfied with the experience.

User will not focus too much on work, when they were playing angry birds will only focus on how birds can be fired more accurately, in camera it is only concerned about how to get better picture results. Later, you can download and run cool iPhone application becomes popular, and Android devices have followed. As Smartphone prices down further, the network is becoming more and more fast, mobile device processor performance is also getting better application popular in it's time.

Now that everything is reasonable, then where is the problem?

There is not a problem to say, except to say that we can have a more effective way than the application. It is clear that success fast network for mobile applications and high performance processor combined. But now, the advancement of technology has gone beyond the scope of this, application volumes have exceeded the reasonable level. Want to survive in the application market space today is not easy, the two most critical factors is that content can be transferred and can be found.

Content can be transferred and can be found

Every Smartphone user will have to some extent experienced the following scenario: 20% the margin of preference provided by some fast-food restaurants or shops, to encourage customers to download and install the application, some social applications also require non-user to view friend updates before downloading. Many friends would you recommend a "change your life", app store rankings are full of all kinds of applications, but you'd still hesitant before downloading. Who pays to download is especially true when using the application.

This problem has two sides, side is the transportability of the content. User attention is becoming more and more divided, patience is getting worse. Paid apps in the past is a kind of magic, they can provide quick, smooth experience for the user, but today has become a commitment-like existence. You will be incredible, but now you want the user to download a new application, you need to give them a reason to trust, such as a taoxin Web of words, even need to put their own children. You just want to encourage friends to download an information-application process, it is not difficult to understand. Companies generally hope that through a simple, fast way to deliver content and services to customers on hand, but with the installation of the obstacles become more and more obvious, the transmission of content and services have encountered unprecedented setbacks. Our screen-space is the new San Francisco, space is so expensive.

The second problem is that content can be found, this is a subtle concept, some tech industry journalist and I've clearly stated this. Many popular applications in the beginning only for mobile devices, which will provide excellent content on a closed platform. Instagram photo if you want to see friends, the application you must download Instagram. I believe even today, there are many useful applications are not browser-oriented channel. In such a fragmented Internet environment, a creative original content is blocked on an independent platform, the Internet is not the Internet we know and love.

Links and search feature in line, just not good enough

We have analyzed the problem, let us look at the solutions below. You may link to application functions are not very familiar with, every time you click on a YouTube video link in other applications when YouTube application will automatically eject and play videos, this is the link function. Google, Apple and Facebook are in a variety of ways to use this feature, link functions can be applied to ensure that the content in the best possible way. This feature is indeed good.

Links and complementarity of functions is the application of retrieval function. Google and Apple in the query entry in the showcase for third-party content providers, and previously sealed content via Android or iOS "Spotlight" feature.

These two approaches seem to have perfect solution can be transferred and found two problems: when a user in a search operation, based on the content within the application will appear in the search results, click on the content the user will be directed to the download page.

But there is a problem, if the application does not support linking and retrieval functions, what are we going to do? Search feature requires that content providers continue to operate, because under default settings, their content will not appear on a Web page, it runs contrary to and based on the content of the page. If you want your application content can be Google search, needed for their application development mirrored version of a page, which only recently changed, trouble within speaks for itself. Standing on the customer's position and, if they do not have to install an application, they will select an article to download and install? The issues contained in this model are numerous.

You just want to read something you want, but was directed to the app store experience, the experience is very annoying. Needless to say, we need not apply, nor do we want to retain the full-screen application, we just wanted to get and create content.

The question, then, where is it?

We can abandon an application, let us now explore that possibility.

Application streaming technology from Google

Transportability and found these two questions, Google the answer is search and links. If developers are willing to invest, users will be able to see in the Google search results limited to internal content. With applications in mobile markets rely more and more on local content, Web search, even the marginalized crisis, while Google's ways to keep them from that risk. But in China and India and other countries, with millions of people the mobile phone as the only window for the purposes of this part of the population, content is King for mobile devices, by the search engines providing links to them and what's the use? Suddenly, anything by Google search is no longer the slogan louder.

About 4 months ago, Google introduced a bill titled "flow" technology. Although few people will remember this technique, but this did not prevent its outstanding performance. As the name suggests, this technology can ensure that the user is no longer as before to browse content and are forced to install the application. After the user clicks on a link, Google will directly show the corresponding content according to user demand, users do not need to install the original application because the application has run through another means. Perhaps this is the first time Google to test their cloud platform, but this is not novel as a stream. In fact, which contains technology from the Agawi company, but the company successfully acquired by Google a few years ago.

By combining application of stream function and application of retrieval function together, we can succeed liberation was blocked within the application information.

On-demand resource technology from Apple

Google's solution is still in the experimental stage, Apple is pushing developers to move in this direction, but Apple's approach is not so obvious.

"Resource on demand" is a common and iOS 9 publishing technology, users need to download and install one of the core applications, then download and install the application to suit your needs-derived part. On-demand resources to techniques more used in the game, players in the beginning, simply download the required images and video, and other basic elements. With more and more use of user, download the iOS system components at a higher level, and to remove content that has reached its full status in order to free up space.

And Google in this way and there is not much in the way of resemblance. Nevertheless, once on-demand resource technologies become mainstream, and play a role in supporting infrastructure is flexible enough to Apple this way will be applied to a wide range of levels. Either way, they will continue to explore this wonderful tool, to develop without having to install the application.

Underrated Web applications

Talk about Apple, we might as well mention that Steve Jobs (Steve Jobs) views on the first generation iPhone. You might remember the first generation iPhone is a closed platform, and does not contain any application developer environment or a third party. Steve Jobs: what are the solutions? The answer is Web applications.

Web applications do not need to install, and closed the browser environment, this application runs very safe. Web applications can also be retrieved by search engines and show what we are discussing today is not it? But the page is not a complete answer.

I tend to think that Web application is just a transitional product Steve Jobs plans to develop native applications, but nonetheless, and meaning of Web applications must not only be so. If we can have in 2008 and today as powerful Javascript framework, Web applications may be able to get off. See here, if you want to tout jobs are already expected to content can be transferred and found problems, you may rest assured that the move, because he really had anticipated these problems.

A future without application

Many application workflow services are formed and mature Web application competition gap between native applications and Web applications are becoming more and more. However, the most significant difference between Web applications there is a lack of local application looks and performance. To solve this problem, we cannot currently give the perfect solution.

But either way, what we need is a platform-independent application streaming solution which can really solve the content can be transferred and found problems. We need to configure a mobile device browser types and similar small Java programs. We can look forward to the future: no matter what device is in your Pocket brand, what system are you running, you can run the application and view the content in a seamless manner, these Web applications running experience will be applied locally are very similar. For developers, their application can be used in all equipment and adaptation running in the browser.

Google has developed a streaming technology, Apple is pushing developers to save part of the cloud storage application. We may have entered a new era: application setup operation will become redundant, Web apps and native apps will become blurred. This is a future without application, a magnificent future.

Successfully absorb a series of complex, powerful and cool technology developers will bring us both simplified and elegant product, welcome to a future without the application!

在崇尚极简主义的未来，我们不再需要APP - APP,应用 - IT资讯

「有一款应用程序可以实现这个功能。」

自2008年以来，这个常用语的出现标志着移动互联网时代的来临。当然，应用程序的火爆也不无道理。许多编程教程都声称可以在数周内让你学会应用开发所需要的技巧，面向新手的编程训练营也随处可见。许多不甘落后的公司也在开发自己的应用程序，并将其视为一种效果绝佳的宣传手段。应用程序是如此火爆，甚至连一些街区的餐饮店也开始着手打造自己的菜单应用。

在2008年，应用商店正式上线。苹果公司是第一个应用风潮引领者，这家公司的应用商店让可以下载并安装在手机上使用的精美应用变得流行。实际上，集中式分配软件的概念并不新颖，在苹果公司推行这种模式之前已经有许多掌上设备及台式设备在使用集中式分配模式。苹果公司成功的原因在于他们完美地将时间因素和技术因素结合到了一起。在2008年，iOS系统已经可以支持3G功能，面对该系统的开发环境也十分成熟，设备的显示效果更是惊人。但最重要的是，iOS系统拥有过硬的技术支撑。移动应用自然有其存在的理由，它们是传送最新内容和服务的最佳方式，其绝佳的性能可以确保用户得到满意的体验。

用户并不会过分关注应用的工作原理，他们在玩《愤怒的小鸟》的时候只会关注如何将小鸟发射得更加准确，在自拍的时候也只会关注如何获取更佳的拍照效果。不久后，可以下载及运行酷炫应用的iPhone变得广受欢迎，而Android设备也紧跟其后。随着智能手机的价格门槛进一步下降，网络也变得越来越迅捷，移动设备的处理器性能也越来越出色，应用程序的风靡可谓正当其时。

既然一切都合乎情理，那么问题出在哪里？

其实并不存在问题一说，只是说我们可以拥有一种比应用程序更加有效的方式。显而易见，移动应用的成功离不开快速网络和高性能处理器的结合。但现在，科技的进步已经超越了这个范畴，应用的体量也已经超过了合理的程度。今天想要在应用市场求得生存空间并不容易，最关键的两个因素在于内容的可传送性和可被发现性。

内容的可传送性和可被发现性

每一位智能手机用户都曾经在某种程度上体验过如下情景：某些快餐店或者商铺会提供20%的优惠幅度，以鼓励顾客下载并安装其应用，有些社交应用也要求非用户在查看朋友更新状态前先下载应用。许多朋友会向你推荐一款「足以改变你一生」的应用，应用商店的排行榜上也充斥着各式各样的应用，但在下载前你还是会有所迟疑。面对那些需要支付才能下载使用的应用时更是如此。

这个问题具有两面性，第一面是内容的可传送性。用户的注意力正变得越来越分散，耐性更是越来越差。付费应用在过去是一种魔术般的存在，它们可以为用户提供迅捷、流畅的体验，但今天却已经变成了一种承诺般的存在。你或许会感到难以置信，但现在想要用户下载一款新应用，你需要给到他们一个可信的理由，例如一段掏心置腹的话语，甚至还需要摆出自己的孩子。你只需会想一下怂恿朋友下载某款信息应用的过程，便不难理解。公司普遍希望通过尽可能简单、迅速的方式将内容和服务传送到客户手上，但随着安装的障碍变得越来越明显，内容和服务的传输也遇上了前所未有的挫折。我们的屏幕空间就是新的旧金山，空间实在是太可贵了。

第二个问题是内容的可被发现性，这是一个相对微妙的概念，一些科技行业的记者也曾明确阐述过这点。许多广受欢迎的应用在刚开始的时候都只面向移动设备，这些应用会在一个封闭式的平台上提供出色的内容。如果你想要查看朋友的Instagram图片，你自己也必须要下载Instagram的应用。笔者相信即便是在今天，还有许多提供有用内容的应用还是没有面向浏览器的通道。在这么一个碎片化的互联网环境下，有创造性的原创内容被封锁在一个独立平台上，这样的互联网绝非我们熟悉和喜爱的互联网。

应用的链接和检索功能尚可，只是还不够优秀

我们已经分析了问题所在，下面让我们看看解决方法吧。你或许会对应用的链接功能感到不太熟悉，每一次当你在其他应用点击一个YouTube视频链接的时候，YouTube应用都会自动弹出并播放视频，这个就是应用的链接功能。Google、苹果和Facebook都在以不同的方式使用这个功能，应用的链接功能可以确保内容以最佳的方式呈现。这个功能确实不错。

和链接功能相辅相成的是应用的检索功能。Google和苹果公司会在查询词条中为第三方内容提供商提供展示窗口，此前被封闭的内容可以通过Android或iOS的「Spotlight」功能呈现。

这两种方法似乎完美解决了可传送性和可被发现性这两大问题：用户在进行搜索操作时，基于应用内部的内容会在搜索结果中出现，点击内容的用户会被引导至应用的下载页面。

但这里还存在一个问题，如果应用并不支持链接和检索功能，我们该怎么办？应用的检索功能要求内容提供商持续进行操作，因为在默认设置下，他们的内容并不会在网页上出现，这一点和基于网页的内容恰好相反。如果你希望自己的应用内容可以被Google检索，需要为自己的应用开发一个网页镜像版本，这一点在最近才有所改变，其中所包含的麻烦不言而喻。而站在客户的立场上，如果说他们原来没有安装某个应用，他们会因为某篇文章而选择下载并安装吗？这种模式所蕴含的问题实在数不胜数。

你只需会想自己想要阅读某些内容，但却被导向至应用商店的糟糕经历，这种经历非常恼人。无需多言，我们需要的并不是应用，我们也不希望保留满屏的应用，我们只是希望获取和创造内容。

那么，问题到底在哪里呢？

我们完全可以舍弃应用程序，下面让我们来探讨这种可能性。

来自Google的应用流技术

面对可传送性和可被发现性这两个问题，Google所给出的答案是检索和链接。如果开发人员愿意投入精力，用户便可以在Google的搜索结果中看到仅局限于应用内部的内容。随着移动市场越来越依赖本土的应用内容，网页搜索方式甚至存在被边缘化的危机，而Google所采取的方式可以让他们免受这种风险。但在中国及印度等国家，有着数以百万计的人口将手机视为唯一的内容窗口，对于这部分人口而言，面向移动设备的内容才是王道，由搜索引擎所提供的链接于他们又有何用？突然之间，任何事情都可以通过Google搜索实现的口号已不再响亮。

大约在4个月前，Google公司推出了一项名为「应用流」的技术。尽管很少人会记得这项技术，但这并不妨碍其出色的表现。正如其名字所示，这项技术可以确保用户无需再和以前一样为了浏览内容而被迫安装应用。在用户点击链接后，Google会根据用户的需求直接展示出相应的内容，用户无需安装原始应用，因为这款应用已经通过另一种方式在运行。这或许是Google第一次对自己的云平台进行测试，但应用流的形式其实并不新颖。实际上，其中所蕴含的技术由Agawi公司所有，但这家公司在几年前成功被Google收购。

通过将应用流功能和应用检索功能结合到一起，我们可以成功解放被封锁于应用内部的信息。

来自苹果公司的按需资源技术

Google公司的解决方式目前尚处于实验阶段，苹果公司也在推动开发人员朝这个方向迈进，只是苹果公司所采取的方式没有那么明显。

「按需资源」是一项和iOS 9共同发布的技术，用户首先需要下载并安装一个核心应用，然后再根据自己的需要下载及安装应用的衍生部分。按需资源技术更多被用在游戏上，玩家在刚开始时只需下载必需的图像和视频等基本元素。随着用户的使用越来越深入，iOS系统会下载更高层次的组件，并删除已经达到完整状态的内容以便腾出空间。

这种方式和Google的方式并没有太多的相似之处。但尽管如此，一旦按需资源技术成为主流，且起到支撑作用的基础设施足够灵活，苹果公司势必会将这种方式应用到更广泛的层面上。不论如何，他们都会继续探索这个妙不可言的工具，以开发出无需安装的应用程序。

被低估的网页应用

既然谈到了苹果公司，我们不妨重提史蒂夫·乔布斯（Steve Jobs）对第一代iPhone的看法。你或许还清楚记得第一代iPhone是一个封闭式平台，且不含任何开发者环境或第三方应用。那么乔布斯的解决方法是什么呢？答案是网页应用。

网页应用无需安装，且在封闭的浏览器环境下，这种应用的运行非常安全。网页应用还可以被搜索引擎检索和展示，我们今天所探讨的不就是这个吗？但网页应用并不是完整的答案。

笔者倾向于认为网页应用只是乔布斯计划开发本地应用的一个过渡性产品，但尽管如此，网页应用的意义也绝不仅是如此。如果我们在2008年可以拥有和今天一样强大的Javascript架构，网页应用也许就能够取得腾飞。看到这里，如果你想吹捧乔布斯其实早已预料到内容的可传送性和可被发现性问题，你大可放心往前走，因为他也许真的曾预料到这些问题。

一个没有应用的未来

许多应用流服务正在和成熟的网页应用技术形成竞争，本地应用和网页应用之间的差距也正变得越来越小。然而，最显著的差距在于网页应用目前尚缺少本地应用的卖相和性能。针对这个问题，我们目前还不能给出完美的解决方案。

但不论如何，我们所需要的是一种与平台无关的应用流解决方案，这种方案可以真正解决内容的可传送性和可被发现性问题。我们需要为移动设备的浏览器配置某种和Java相似的小型程序。我们可以憧憬一个这样的未来：不论你口袋中的设备是什么品牌，运行的是什么系统，你都能够以无缝的方式运行应用并查看内容，这些网页应用的运行体验将会和本地应用非常相似。对于开发者而言，他们所开发的应用可以在所有设备和浏览器中适配运行。

Google公司开发了应用流技术，而苹果公司则推动着开发者以云存储的方式保存部分应用。我们或许已经迈进了一个新时期：应用程序的安装操作将会变得多余，网页应用和本地应用的界限也会变得模糊。这是一个没有应用的未来，一个精彩绝伦的未来。

成功消化这一系列复杂、强大而又酷炫的技术的开发者会给我们带来兼具简化和优雅的产品，欢迎来到一个没有应用的未来！